Government Of Rajasthan Ground Water Department

Government of RajasthanGround Water DepartmentGROUND WATERLEVEL SCENARIOIN RAJASTHAN – 2019(Pre and Post Monsoon Survey –2019)RajasthanDATA STORAGE AND PROCESSING CELL (DSPC)August, 2020

CONTENTSPage. Scenario Of Groundwater Level In Rajasthan – Year 20197 - 143.1Depth to water level Pre Monsoon – 201973.2Depth to water level Post Monsoon – 2019Change In Water Level (Fluctuation) Pre Monsoon - 201 ToPost Monsoon – 2019Rainfall condition – 201993.34.01-41114FIGURES1Aquifer Distribution Map of Rajasthan as per ROLTA Study.152Depth to Water Level Map of Rajasthan - Pre Monsoon 201916PLATESDistrict Wise Average Depth To Water Level of Pre Monsoon2019 And Post Monsoon 20192.1 to 2.2 Change in water level Pre monsoon & Post monsoon 2019Distribution of District Key Wells (in %) Pre monsoon & Post3.1 to 3.2monsoon 20194.1 to 4.3 Rainfall condition of all the districts during 2019.1.1 to 1.417-181920 - 2122 - 23TABLES1234District Wise Average Depth To Water Level During PreMonsoon and Post Monsoon 2019Block Wise Average Depth To Water Level And FluctuationDuring Pre Monsoon 2019 And Post Monsoon 2019Normal Monsoon, Non monsoon, Annual Rainfall & RainfallCondition 2019Depth To Water Level Data of Key Wells(Monitoring Stations)During Pre Monsoon and Post Monsoon 201924 - 2526 - 3839 - 4041 - 231

1.0OVERVIEWRajasthan, the largest state of India with geographical area of 342239Sq.km. and situated in the north-western part of the country. It extends between230 30’ and 300 11’ N latitudes and 690 29’ & 780 17’ E longitudes. Accordingto 2011 census population of the State is 68548437. The state has been dividedinto 33 districts and further in 295 development blocks.1.1 ClimateThe Aravalli range divides the state into two different climatic zones.The region west of Aravallis is arid to semi-arid and east of Aravallis is semiarid to sub-humid and characterized by large extremes of temperature longperiods of drought, high wind velocity and high potential evapo-transpiration.Based on the weather conditions, three distinct seasons are in the state –(i)Hot-weather season (March to June)(ii)Monsoon season (End of June to September)(iii)Cold-weather season (October to February)1.2 RainfallDuring the monsoon period of year 2019 there were wide variation ofrainfall in North West and South Eastern part of the State between 231.47 mm.and 1978.20 mm in Ganganagar and Pratapgarh respectively. The Normalmonsoon rainfall of the state (1901-2018) is 524.51 mm and Normal nonmonsoon (1901-2018) is 47.77 mm. The annual normal rainfall of the state is572.28 out of which 75% to 95 % of the rainfall mostly precipitates in themonsoon period i.e. from June to September.GW Level Scenario in Rajasthan – 20191

1.3 PhysiographyThe state has a fairly moderate topography developed during the longperiod of denudation and erosion. The present physiography and landforms aregreatly determined by the underlying geological formations and structures arethe product of the fluvial cycle of erosion in the past and the recent andcontinuing desert cycle of erosion. The state can be divided into fourphysiographic units –(i)Aravalli Hill ranges.(ii)Eastern plains(iii)Western sandy plain with sand dunes(iv)Vindhyan scarpland and Deccan Lava Plateau1.4 DrainageAravalli Hills ranges form the main water divide in the state. Luni riveris the only river in the west Aravallis and rest 60% area of western Rajasthanhas internal drainage and the streams are lost in the desert sands after flowingfor a short distance from the point of origin. The Chambal catchment occupies21% (72032 sq.km) of total geographical area of the State. The other importantcatchments are Yamuna-Ganga in the north-east and Mahi and Sabarmati insouth-west part. In desert area, a few salt lakes and depressions exist,prominent among them are the Sambhar lake, Didwana lake, Bap, Pachpadraand Rann of Jaisalmer and Pokran.GW Level Scenario in Rajasthan – 20192

1.5 HydrogeologyThe principal source of recharge to ground water in state is rainfall. Incanal irrigated areas, a part of canal water through seepage. The geologicalformations are divided in two groups broadly on the basis of their degree ofconsolidation and related parameters.(I) Porous Formations(a)Unconsolidated Formations – The Quaternary sedimentscomprising of younger and older alluvium composed of Cay, Silt,Sand, Gravel and form potential aquifers. The yield of exploratorytube wells in alluvium formation is medium to high ranging from36 to 360 m3/hrs.(b)Semi Consolidated Formations – These formations composed ofSiltstone, Claystone, Sandstone, Shale Conglomerates andLimestone of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cainozoic age.The Sandstone and Limestone forms good aquifer in various district ofstate. Ground water occurs under semi-confined to confined conditions.(II)Fissured formationFissured formations as hydrogeological unit occupy 32% area ofthe state and divided into four units(a)(b)Consolidated sedimentary rocksIgneous and metamorphic rocksGW Level Scenario in Rajasthan – 20193

(c)(d)Volcanic rocksCarbonated rocksThe rapid and haphazard exploitation of ground water has resulted indeclining water levels, gradual exhaustion of ground water reservoirs anddeterioration of ground water quality. This is evident from the fact in the year1984 irrigation draft was 4926 MCM with stage of development 35.75% onlywhere as in year 2017 the irrigation draft is estimated 14846.23 MCM andstage of development is 139.88%Looking to present status of ground water resources in the state it hasbeen realized that ground water sustainable development, management and itsjudicious use with public participation should be taken up on priority.The Ground Water Department is working as a nodal department forartificial recharge activity in the state and providing technical guidance to userdepartments.GW Level Scenario in Rajasthan – 20194

2.0ABSTRACTThe Pre monsoon and Post monsoon hydrogeological survey, 2019 ofthe State of Rajasthan has been carried out during the months of May – Juneand October – November 2019 respectively. A monitoring network comprisingdug wells and piezometers located in all districts of the State was monitoredduring the survey.There are 8615 water level monitoring stations (District Key Wells)which includes 3858 Piezometers spread all over the state. Water level isavailable in 5915 and 6191 during Pre monsoon and Post monsoon survey2019 respectively. Other monitoring stations, in which water level is notavailable, are either dried up or water level have gone deep in the boring orcould not be measured due to one or other reason.The average depth to water level of blocks and districts of Pre monsoon,2019 and Post monsoon, 2019 has been analyzed to know the depletion or riseof water levels during the year 2019 and shown in Table - 1 & 2. The change inwater level between Pre monsoon 2019 and Post monsoon, 2019 referred asannual (seasonal) water level fluctuation.While computing Pre monsoon 2019 depth to water level data it isobserved that depth to water level ranges between 0.18 mtrs to 162.50 mtrsbelow ground level (table - 2). Lowest water level reported at – CharnaBhundwai (Ghatol block) of Banswara district. Highest water level (162.50mtrs) was reported at Kharia Khangar (Pipar City block) of Jodhpur district.GW Level Scenario in Rajasthan – 20195

Average depth to water level in Pre - monsoon 2019 period of the state iscomputed as 25.38 meters below ground level considering all wells providingwater level.While computing Post monsoon 2019 depth to water level data it isobserved that depth to water level ranges between 0.17 mtrs, at Arnod (Arnodblock) and Gadola (Pratapgarh block) of Pratapgarh district to 162.20 mtrsbelow ground level in Hatundi village (Block Baori ) of Jodhpur district.Average depth to water level Post monsoon 2019 of the state iscomputed as 19.11 meters below ground level considering all wells providingwater level.The overall average change in water level (fluctuation) of 5.20 * metershas been observed between Pre-monsoon to Post-monsoon 2018 in the state .* The value more than 0.15mt considered as Minimum Depth to WaterLevel in Post monsoon 2019.* Key wells showing depletion more than 10 metres and rise higherthan 30 metres in pre to post monsoon, fluctuation have not beenConsidered for averaging because of their abnormal behavior.GW Level Scenario in Rajasthan – 20196

SCENARIO OF GROUND WATER LEVEL IN RAJASTHANYEAR – 2019The Pre monsoon and Post monsoon hydrogeological survey, 2019 ofall the 33 districts of the State of Rajasthan has been carried out during themonths of May - June, 2019 and October - November, 2019 respectively.There are about 8615 monitoring stations comprising dug wells andpiezometers have been monitored during Pre monsoon and Post monsoon2019.The average depth to water level during Pre-monsoon and Postmonsoon along with change in water levels has been computed and results areshown in Tables 1 and 2. These water level data are used to find out trend ofwater levels during Pre monsoon and Post monsoon period. The average depthto water level (Plate 1.1 to 1.4) and change in water levels (Plate – 2.1 to 2.2)in all the 33 districts of the State during pre monsoon and post monsoon 2019are displayed through bar diagrams.Analysis of water level data for the year 2019 have been carried out andresults are shown in tabular form as well as in bar diagram.2.1Depth To Water Level Pre Monsoon – 2019During Pre monsoon 2019 survey a total network of 8615 key wellsincluding 3858 piezometers were monitored in the months of May - June,2019. Average depth to water in the state observed is 25.38 meters belowground level. Minimum water level has been observed as 0.18 mtrs, CharnaBhundwai (Ghatol block) of Banswara district whereas maximum water levelobserved as 162.50 mtrs below ground level in Kharia Khangar (Pipar Cityblock) of Jodhpur district.GW Level Scenario in Rajasthan – 20197

While analyzing depth to water level of all the monitoring stations of thestate it has been observed that 59.28% key wells show water level below 20metres whereas 0.14 % (only eight) key wells show water level more than 150metres. The following table shows the analysis results.Table showing Depth to Water level of Key Wells During PreMonsoon Survey – 2019SN12345678Depth Range mts. (bgl) 1010 – 2020 – 3030 – 5050 – 7070 – 100100 – 150 150TOTALNo of 476.814.412.080.14100Block wise average of all the 295 blocks show that minimum averagewater level is of Talwara block (5.02 mt.) of Banswara district and maximumof block Bapini (116.31 mt.) of Jodhpur district during Pre monsoon 2019.Banswara district shows minimum average water level as 9.49 meterswhereas maximum average of water level is 69.88 of Bikaner district. Onedistricts (Banswara) fall in the category of less than 10 mtrs, eighteen districtsin range of 10-20 metrs, two districts in the range of 20-30 mtrs, while sevendistricts in the range of 30-50 and five in 50-100 metres average depth towater.There are 5915 monitoring stations showing water levels out of 8615monitoring stations. Block and district wise details are given in Table – 1 & 2.GW Level Scenario in Rajasthan – 20198