CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN
USAIDCLIMATE CHANGEADAPTATION PLANJUNE 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTSTable of Contents. 1Acronyms . 2Executive Summary . 3A. Agency Vulnerability Assessment . 3B. Current and Past Agency Adaptation-Related Actions. 3C. Planned Agency Adaptation-Related Actions . 4USAID Climate Change Adaptation Plan for 2013 . 5I. USAID Policy Framework for Climate Change Adaptation. 6II. Agency Vulnerability Assessment: Analysis of Climate Change Risk and Opportunities . 7A. USAID Mission Vulnerability Assessment. 7B. USAID Program Vulnerability Assessment . 7Projected Weather and Climate Conditions . 8Key Climate Impacts and Vulnerabilities . 9Key USAID Program Vulnerabilities . 10Challenges to Adaptation. 15C. USAID Operations Vulnerability Assessment . 15Assets . 16Infrastructure and Support Systems . 17Health and Safety . 20Security . 21III. Current and Past Agency Adaptation-Related Actions . 21A. USAID Headquarters Current and Past Adaptation-Related Actions . 21Guidance and Training. 22Pilot Activities . 24Research And Information . 25Evaluation and Learning . 25Partnerships . 25Inreach and Outreach. 26B. USAID Mission-Level Current and Past Adaptation-Related Activities . 27IV. USAID Planned Adaptation-Related Actions . 28A. Overarching Adaptation-Related Actions Supporting USAID’s Mission . 29B. Adaptation-Related Actions Supporting USAID’s Programs . 29Guidance & Training . 30Pilot Activities . 31Research and Information . 32Evaluation and Learning . 32Partnerships . 33Inreach and Outreach. 34C. Adaptation-Related Actions Supporting USAID’s Operations. 34Sources Referenced . 37Appendix I. USAID Climate Change Adaptation Policy Statement . 39Appendix II. USAID Planned Adaptation Actions Summary Tables . 40Appendix III. Illustrative Country and Regional Vulnerability Profiles . 441
AFEWS NETFYGCCICTIMACSIPCCMAJICNASANEPANGONOAAPMIREDD D/RDMAUSDAUSGUSGSV&AWASHAfrican and Latin American Resilience to Climate Change ProgramAsia Region Environmental Field Support ProgramClimate Change Resilient Development ProgramCountry Development Cooperation StrategiesCouncil on Environmental QualityCode of Federal RegulationsCollaborative Management for a Sustainable Fisheries FutureDepartment of EnergyDepartment of StateExecutive OrderEnvironmental Protection AgencyFamine Early Warning Systems NetworkFiscal YearGlobal Climate ChangeInformation and Communications TechnologyIndonesia Marine and Climate SupportIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeMarketing and Agriculture for Jamaican Improved CompetitivenessNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNational Environmental Policy ActNon-Governmental OrganizationNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationPresident’s Malaria InitiativeReducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest DegradationRwanda Integrated Water Security ProgramSustainable and Thriving Environments for West African Regional DevelopmentShort term technical assistanceUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUnited States Army Corps of EngineersUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentUnited States Agency for International Development, Bureau for Management,Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Financial Systems DivisionUSAID’s Regional Development Mission for AsiaUnited States Department of AgricultureUnited States GovernmentUnited States Geological SurveyVulnerability and AdaptationWater, Sanitation, and Hygiene2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe United States Agency for International Development (USAID) prepared this Climate Change AdaptationPlan for 2013 in accordance with Executive Order (E.O.) 13514 “Federal Leadership in Environmental,Energy, and Economic Performance.” The plan assesses climate change risks, vulnerabilities, andopportunities for USAID mission, programs, and operations; discusses USAID’s current and past adaptationactivities; and identifies agency-level actions to understand and address climate change vulnerability. Itsstructure and content align with the USAID Climate Change and Development Strategy.A. AGENCY VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTWhile in many ways USAID investments and activities promote the resilience of vulnerable populations toclimate vulnerability and change, climate change could have a substantial negative impact on USAID’sdevelopment efforts, given the Agency’s extensive investments in climate-sensitive sectors located in climatevulnerable regions. Ultimately, the impact of climate change on USAID programs and operations couldcompromise the Agency’s ability to achieve its mission.The type and degree of climate-related impacts and vulnerabilities across USAID’s partner countries will bediverse, with consequences for human health, economic growth, livelihoods, and biodiversity, among others.Climate change could significantly affect key program areas, including agriculture and food security; globalhealth; water, sanitation, and hygiene; malaria; infrastructure; and disaster readiness and humanitarianresponse. A lack of data and capacity in partner countries and regions challenges efforts to reducevulnerability.Changes in climate may also jeopardize the continuity and effectiveness of USAID operations. In particular,climate change poses risks for USAID assets; infrastructure and support systems; workforce health, safety,and well-being; and security. These impacts could have serious implications, including: loss of asset value;higher maintenance and operating costs; increased safety concerns; disruption, deterioration, or elimination ofservices; implications for external coordination and program implementation; or compromised welfare ofpersonnel.B. CURRENT AND PAST AGENCY ADAPTATION-RELATEDACTIONSUSAID has been investing in actions that help the Agency better understand climate change risks andopportunities and reduce vulnerabilities since 1991. In 2011, USAID created a position of Climate ChangeCoordinator. In January 2012, the Agency released the USAID Climate Change and Development Strategy: 20122016, which includes a number of actions to integrate climate change adaptation into the Agency’s mission,programs, and operations. USAID is also providing adaptation funding to a number of priority adaptationcountries to help address climate change vulnerabilities. In addition to these overarching efforts, USAID hasundertaken a number of activities related to Guidance and Training, Pilot Activities, Research and Information,Evaluation and Learning, Partnerships, and Inreach and Outreach. A number of adaptation activities are alsounderway at the mission level.3
C. PLANNED AGENCY ADAPTATION-RELATED ACTIONSUSAID adaptation planning, implementation, and evaluation will continue to be led by the Agency GlobalClimate Change Coordinator. To ensure the ongoing achievement of USAID’s mission, the Agency willcomplete in FY2012 an implementation plan to execute the USAID Climate Change and Development Strategy,distribute USAID’s Adaptation Plan in FY2013, and annually review and update the Agency Adaptation Plan.In addition, USAID has developed a list of actions to better understand and address climate changevulnerabilities of programs and projects. These programmatic actions are listed in the table below:CategoryFY2012FY2013Guidanceand Training Publish Updated AdaptationGuidance Manual and SectoralBriefs Develop CountryDevelopment CooperationStrategy (CDCS)Supplemental Guidance Conduct Climate ChangeAdaptation Training Create Sectoral Project DesignGuidance and Training Conduct Targeted and SkillsBased Climate ChangeAdaptation Training Review EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Ensure ReportingRequirement PerformancePilotActivities Commence Integration Pilots Implement and EvaluateIntegration Pilots Support AdditionalIntegration Pilots Compile Lessons Learned &Best Practices from Pilots Conduct Survey of AppliedClimate Change andDevelopment Research Needs Develop Climate Change andDevelopment ResearchStrategy Conduct Climate Change andDevelopment Research Compile Climate ChangeAdaptation Lessons Learned Develop Climate ChangeAdaptation Help Desk Exchange Climate ChangeAdaptation Lessons Learned Develop Climate ChangeAdaptation Coordination Plan Form Private Sector Alliance Engage Youth PartnershipResearch andInformationEvaluationand LearningPartnershipsInreach andOutreach Design Agency Monitoringand Evaluation Plan forClimate Change Programs Host Climate ChangeAdaptation LearningWorkshopsFY2014-2016See related activities above.Finally, USAID has identified a number of actions to better understand and address operational vulnerability.Collaboration with the Department of State (DoS) will be critical for addressing operational vulnerability, as asignificant portion of USAID operations are co-located or co-implemented with DoS. Operational adaptationactions in FY2013 include exploring an operational Climate Change Adaptation Partnership with DoS andsupporting Climate Smart Missions. Actions in FY2014-2016 include seeking opportunities for operationalclimate change adaptation training and resources.4
USAID CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN FOR 2013The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has prepared an Adaptation Plan for2013 in accordance with Executive Order (E.O.) 13514 “Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, andEconomic Performance.” The E.O. seeks to establish an integrated strategy toward sustainability in theFederal government. Section 8(i) of the E.O. requires that as part of the formal Strategic SustainabilityPerformance Planning process, each Federal agency evaluate agency climate change risks andvulnerabilities to manage both the short-and long-term effects of climate change on the agency's missionand operations.The USAID Climate Change Adaptation Plan for 2013 (USAID’s Adaptation Plan) is submitted as anappendix to the 2012 Sustainability Plan. USAID’s Adaptation Plan focuses on agency-level actions tounderstand and address climate change risks and opportunities for USAID mission, programs, andoperations. Its organization aligns with the USAID Climate Change and Development Strategy, and addresses allelements presented in the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) document “Preparing Federal AgencyClimate Change Adaptation Plans” dated February 29, 2012, is consistent with CEQ guidance, and meets allrequirements of E.O. 13514.In addition to USAID’s Adaptation Plan, the Agency has completed the following tasks requested by CEQas part of E.O. 13514: Adaptation Policy Statement. USAID has submitted and made publicly available an agency-wideclimate change Adaptation Policy Statement, signed by the head of the agency, which commits theAgency to adaptation planning to address challenges posed by climate change to USAID’s mission,programs, and operations. The Adaptation Policy Statement can be found in Appendix I. USAIDClimate Change Adaptation Policy Statement. High Level Vulnerability Analysis. USAID has submitted a preliminary high-level analysis ofagency vulnerability to climate change to the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality. Thisanalysis was used to inform the USAID Program Vulnerability Assessment section (Section II.B) ofthis Plan.These tasks helped build a foundation for USAID’s Adaptation Plan presented below, which is organized intothe following four sections: (I) USAID Policy Framework for Climate Change Adaptation; (II) AgencyVulnerability Assessment: Analysis of Climate Change Risk and Opportunities; (III) Current and Past AgencyAdaptation-Related Actions; and (IV) USAID Planned Adaptation-Related Actions.5
I. USAID POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE CHANGEADAPTATIONWhile in many ways USAID investments and activities promote the resilience of vulnerable populations toclimate vulnerability and change, climate change could have a substantial negative impact on USAID’sdevelopment efforts, given the Agency’s extensive investments in climate-sensitive sectors located in climatevulnerable regions. Consideration of climate change in strategic planning, program design andimplementation, and operations is essential to the success of USAID’s mission, carried out through activitiesthat span the globe. USAID seeks to maximize the sustainability and resiliency of its developmentinvestments in the face of climate change-related stressors, and build the capacity of its partners andbeneficiaries to prepare for climate impacts. Furthermore, there is an opportunity for USAID to serve as acritical part of the climate change solution by promoting vulnerability reduction through efforts related togovernance, disaster preparedness, health, food security, and environment.USAID’s Adaptation Plan lays out a process and identifies actions that will help to achieve climate resiliencyin USAID’s mission, programs, and operations. The Plan is aligned with the USAID Climate Change andDevelopment Strategy published in January 2012, which highlights two strategic objectives that focus onunderstanding and reducing the impacts of climate change. SO 2 Increase resiliency of people, places, and livelihoods: 1) improve access to science and analysis fordecision making, 2) establish effective governance systems, and 3) identify and take actions thatincrease climate resilience; SO 3 Integration of climate change into Agency programming, policy dialogues, and operations to build resilience: 1)integrate climate change across USAID’s development portfolio, 2) elevate the role of developmentin climate change dialogues and policy, and 3) lead by example.As part of these strategic objectives, USAID’s Adaptation Plan focuses on six overarching objectives tofacilitate the resilience of USAID mission, programs, and operations. These objectives are aligned with theUSAID Climate Change and Development Strategy roadmap and include: Guidance and Training, Pilot Activities;Research and Information; Evaluation and Learning; Partnerships, and Inreach and Outreach. USAID’s Adaptation Planidentifies near and longer-term actions for each of these objectives.The process of Agency adaptation planning, implementation, and evaluation described in USAID’sAdaptation Plan will be led by the Agency Global Climate Change (GCC) Coordinator, who will work closelywith technical experts and Agency leadership across functional and regional bureaus and Missions toimplement the Plan. In accordance with the USAID Climate Change and Development Strategy roadmap, the GCCCoordinator will lead a process to more formally identify roles and responsibilities within the Agency forimplementation of USAID’s Adaptation Plan.6
II. AGENCY VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT: ANALYSISOF CLIMATE CHANGE RISK AND OPPORTUNITIESIn September 2011, USAID prepared a preliminary high-level analysis of the Agency’s vulnerability to climatechange. Building on that initial work, this vulnerability analysis identifies the challenges posed by climatechange to USAID’s mission, programs, and operations. The results of this analysis informed the developmentof specific actions that USAID will undertake in fiscal year 2013 and beyond to better understand and addressthe risks and opportunities presented by climate change. The following section presents an analysis of theAgency’s vulnerability to climate change, as it may affect USAID’s 1) mission; 2) programs; and 3) operations.A. USAID MISSION VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTThe mission of USAID is expressed in terms of a twofold purpose: 1) to advance U.S.
climate change Adaptation Policy Statement, signed by the head of the agency, which commits the Agency to adaptation planning to address challenges posed by climate change to USAID’s mission, programs, and operations. The Adaptation Policy Statement can be found in Appendix I. USAID
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