Lakhmir Singh’s SCIENCE - Best CBSE School In Rewa

Lakhmir Singh’sSCIENCEFORPvtompanyLakhmir SinghManjit KaurhandandCs)ing : s (MCQniatCon uestion HighnQoice Based o OTS)hC(HnsipleMult Questio ng Skillss)and r ThinkiswerneadOr(withLtdCLASS 7This Book Belongs to :CName . SRoll No.Class and Section .School .Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 7

S. CHAND SCHOOL BOOKS(An imprint of S. Chand Publishing)A Division of S. Chand And Company Pvt. Ltd.(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Company)7361, Ram Nagar, Qutab Road, New Delhi-110055Phone: 23672080-81-82, 9899107446, 9911310888; Fax: 91-11-23677446www.schandpublishing.com; e-mail : helpdesk@schandpublishing.comBranches ::Ph: 27541965, 27542369, ahmedabad@schandpublishing.comBengaluru:Ph: 22268048, 22354008, bangalore@schandpublishing.comBhopal:Ph: 4274723, 4209587, bhopal@schandpublishing.comChandigarh:Ph: 2725443, 2725446, chandigarh@schandpublishing.comChennai:Ph. 28410027, 28410058, chennai@schandpublishing.comCoimbatore:Ph: 2323620, 4217136, coimbatore@schandpublishing.com (Marketing Office)Cuttack:Ph: 2332580, 2332581, cuttack@schandpublishing.comDehradun:Ph: 2711101, 2710861, dehradun@schandpublishing.comGuwahati:Ph: 2738811, 2735640, guwahati@schandpublishing.comHyderabad:Ph: 27550194, 27550195, hyderabad@schandpublishing.comJaipur:Ph: 2219175, 2219176, jaipur@schandpublishing.comJalandhar:Ph: 2401630, 5000630, jalandhar@schandpublishing.comKochi:Ph: 2378740, 2378207-08, cochin@schandpublishing.comKolkata:Ph: 22367459, 22373914, kolkata@schandpublishing.comLucknow:Ph: 4026791, 4065646, lucknow@schandpublishing.comMumbai:Ph: 22690881, 22610885, mumbai@schandpublishing.comNagpur:Ph: 6451311, 2720523, 2777666, nagpur@schandpublishing.comPatna:Ph: 2300489, 2302100, patna@schandpublishing.comPune:Ph: 64017298, pune@schandpublishing.comRaipur:Ph: 2443142, raipur@schandpublishing.com (Marketing Office)Ranchi:Ph: 2361178, ranchi@schandpublishing.comSiliguri:Ph: 2520750, siliguri@schandpublishing.com (Marketing Office)Visakhapatnam:Ph: 2782609, visakhapatnam@schandpublishing.com (Marketing Office)S 2016 Lakhmir Singh & Manjit KaurChandandCompanyPvtLtdAhmedabad All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium in form of graphics,electronic or mechanical means and whether or not transient or incidental to some other use of this publication) without written permission of the publisher. Any breachof this will entail legal action and prosecution without further notice.Jurisdiction : All disputes with respect to this publication shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts, Tribunals and Forums of New Delhi, India only.S. CHAND’S Seal of TrustIn our endeavour to protect you against counterfeit/fake books, we have pasted a Hologram Sticker on the cover of someof our fast moving titles. The hologram displays the unique 3D multi-level, multi-colour effects of our logo from differentangles when tilted or properly illuminated under a single source of light, such as 2D/3D depth effect, full visible with dynamiceffect, animated “Book”, Pearlogram effect, emboss effect, mirror effect in which you can see your image clearly, etc.A fake hologram does not display all these effects.First Published in 2016ISBN : 9789352530236PRINTED IN INDIABy Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Plot 20/4, Site-IV, Industrial Area Sahibabad, Ghaziabad-201010and Published by S. Chand And Company Pvt. Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New Delhi -110 055.Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 7

An Open LetterDear Friend,LtdPvtompanyThe most important feature of this book is that we haveincluded a large variety of different types of questionsfor assessing the learning abilities of the students. Thisbook contains:(i) Objective type questions,(ii) Subjective type questions,(iii) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs),andLAKHMIR SINGH did his M.Sc. from DelhiUniversity in 1969. Since then he has been teachingin Dyal Singh College of Delhi University, Delhi.He started writing books in 1980. Lakhmir Singhbelieves that book writing is just like classroomteaching. Though a book can never replace a teacherbut it should make the student feel the presence ofa teacher. Keeping this in view, he writes books insuch a style that students never get bored readinghis books. Lakhmir Singh has written more than15 books so far on all the science subjects: Physics,Chemistry and Biology. He believes in writingquality books. He does not believe in quantity.CABOUT THE AUTHORSWe would like to talk to you for a few minutes, justto give you an idea of some of the special featuresof this book. Before we go further, let us tell you thatthis book conforms to the NCERT guidelines prescribedby the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).Just like our earlier books, we have written this bookin such a simple style that even the weak students willbe able to understand science very easily. Believe us,while writing this book, we have considered ourselvesto be the students of the concerned class and tried tomake things as simple as possible. SChandMANJIT KAUR did her B.Sc., B.Ed. from DelhiUniversity in 1970. Since then she has been teachingin a reputed school of Directorate of Education,Delhi. Manjit Kaur is such a popular science teacherthat all the students want to join those classes whichshe teaches in the school. She has a vast experience ofteaching science to school children, and she knowsthe problems faced by the children in the studyof science. Manjit Kaur has put all her teachingexperience into the writing of science books. Shehas co-authored more than 15 books alongwith herhusband, Lakhmir Singh.It is the team-work of Lakhmir Singh andManjit Kaur which has given some of the mostpopular books in the history of science educationin India. Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur both writeexclusively for the most reputed, respected andlargest publishing house of India : S. Chand andCompany Pvt. Ltd.(iv) Questions based on High Order Thinking Skills(HOTS), and(v) Activities.Please note that answers have also been given forthe various types of questions, wherever required. Allthese features will make this book even more usefulto the students as well as the teachers. “A picturecan say a thousand words”. Keeping this in mind, alarge number of coloured pictures and sketches ofvarious scientific processes, procedures, appliances,manufacturing plants and everyday situations involvingprinciples of science have been given in this book.This will help the students to understand the variousconcepts of science clearly. It will also tell them howscience is applied in the real situations in homes,transport and industry.We are sure you will agree with us that the facts andformulae of science are just the same in all the books,the difference lies in the method of presenting thesefacts to the students. In this book, the various topicsLakhmir Singh’s Science Class 7

of science have been explained in such a simple waythat while reading this book, a student will feel asif a teacher is sitting by his side and explaining thevarious things to him. We are sure that after readingthis book, the students will develop a special interestin science and they would like to study science inhigher classes as well.Books by Lakhmir Singhand Manjit Kaur1. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 32. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 43. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 54. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 67. Science for Ninth Class (Part 1) PHYSICSWe think that the real judges of a book are theteachers concerned and the students for whom it ismeant. So, we request our teacher friends as wellas the students to point out our mistakes, if any, andsend their comments and suggestions for the furtherimprovement of this book.8. Science for Ninth Class (Part 2) CHEMISTRYWishing you a great success,9. Science for Tenth Class (Part 1) PHYSICSYours sincerely,5. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 7PvtLtd6. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 810. Science for Tenth Class (Part 2) CHEMISTRYompany11. Science for Tenth Class (Part 3) BIOLOGY12. Rapid Revision in Science(A Question-Answer Book for Class X)396, Nilgiri Apartments,Alaknanda, New Delhi-110019E-mail : singhlakhmir@hotmail.comand14. Science for Tenth Class (J & K Edition)C13. Science for Ninth Class (J & K Edition)15. Science for Ninth Class (Hindi Edition) :handPHYSICS and CHEMISTRY16. Science for Tenth Class (Hindi Edition) :CPHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY17. Saral Vigyan (A Question-Answer Science Book Sin Hindi for Class X)DISCLAIMERWhile the authors of this book have made every effort to avoid any mistake or omission and have used their skill, expertise and knowledgeto the best of their capacity to provide accurate and updated information, the authors and the publisher do not give any representationor warranty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and are selling this publication on thecondition and understanding that they shall not be made liable in any manner whatsoever. The publisher and the authors expresslydisclaim all and any liability/responsibility to any person, whether a purchaser or reader of this publication or not, in respect of anythingand everything forming part of the contents of this publication. The publisher and authors shall not be responsible for any errors,omissions or damages arising out of the use of the information contained in this publication. Further, the appearance of the personalname, location, place and incidence, if any; in the illustrations used herein is purely coincidental and work of imagination. Thus thesame should in no manner be termed as defamatory to any individual.Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 7

CONTENTS1. NUTRITION IN PLANTS1 – 16PvtLtdModes of Nutrition : Autotrophs and Heterotrophs ; Photosynthesis ;Conditions Necessary for Photosynthesis ; How to Test the Presenceof Starch in Leaves ; Leaves of Various Colours ; Importance ofPhotosynthesis ; Other Modes of Nutrition in Plants : Parasites andSaprophytes ; Insectivorous Plants and Symbiotic Plants ; HowNutrients are Replenished in the Soil ; Cellsompany2. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS17 – 31hand3. FIBRE TO FABRICandCAnimals Take in Food by Different Methods ; Human DigestiveSystem ; To Study the Effect of Saliva on Starch Present in Food ;Teeth : Milk Teeth and Permanent Teeth ; Tooth Decay ; Tongueand its Functions ; Diarrhoea ; Some Animals Eat Grass as Food :Ruminants ; Digestion in Grass Eating Animals ; Amoeba : Feedingand Digestion32–41 SCAnimal Fibres : Wool and Silk ; Animals That Yield Wool : Sheep,Goat, Yak, Camel, Llama and Alpaca ; Some Indian Breeds of Sheep;Production of Wool ; Occupational Hazard : Sorter’s Disease ; SilkFrom Silkworms ; Life History of Silk Moth ; Production of Silk ;Different Varieties of Silk ; Natural Silk and Artificial Silk ; Discoveryof Silk4. HEAT42–63Hot and Cold ; Temperature ; Measuring Temperature : LaboratoryThermometer, Clinical Thermometer, Digital Thermometer, andMaximum-and-Minimum Thermometer ; Transfer of Heat ; Conduction :Good and Poor Conductors of Heat ; Why do We Wear WoollenClothes in Winter ; Convection in Water and Air ; Sea-Breeze andLand-Breeze ; Radiation ; Absorbers and Emitters of Heat RadiationsLakhmir Singh’s Science Class 7