A Comparative Study Of Ambient Noise Level During Diwali .
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 9, September- 2014A Comparative Study of Ambient Noise LevelDuring Diwali Festival in Agartala City, Tripura,IndiaMihir Kumar DasRahul LodhDepartment of Science, Technology and EnvironmentTripura State Pollution Control BoardAgartala, IndiaDepartment of Science, Technology and EnvironmentTripura State Pollution Control BoardAgartala, IndiaBishu KarmakarRajib PaulDepartment of Science, Technology and EnvironmentTripura State Pollution Control BoardAgartala, IndiaDepartment of Science, Technology and EnvironmentTripura State Pollution Control BoardAgartala, Indiadifficulty to associate cause with effect on human health [2]Noise not only distracts our mental concentration but alsocauses numerous hazardous effects on the urban environment[1,7] Adverse effects due to exposure to noise may includeinterference with speech communication, declining children’slearning skills, hearing impairment, disturbance of rest andsleep, mental health and performance effects, effects onresidential behavior and irritation and interference withintended activities [8,9,10]. The sources of noise pollution areextremely varied and they are mainly classified as communitynoise and industrial noise.In India, festivals are traditionally celebrated withloudspeakers accompanied with songs and dance whichinclude musical instruments; drums etc. and thusconsequently produce a lot of infuriating noise. Highfrequency impulse noise produced by fire crackers duringcelebrations cause noise pollution beyond tolerable limitswhich disturbs social as well as human life [3,11] . Diwali,the festival of lights in India, is regarded as one of the mostimportant and glamorous festival among all the eventscelebrated in India. It is also known as the festival of crackerswhich is celebrated almost all parts of the country withbrighter sparkles, louder noise, and aesthetic forms of light.The varieties of crackers which consists several chemicalslike copper, cadmium, lead, magnesium, zinc, nitrate andcyanide are harmful to the human health and leads to intensehazardous air and noise pollution [12, 13]. It is ratherobservable that when a number of crackers bursting serially, acontinuous band of noise can form in the presence ofreflecting surfaces which prolongs the time interval ofprevailing sound strength and the continuous band of noisethus formed certainly affects the ambient level in closeproximity [14,15,16].IJERTAbstract—Ambient noise level plays a great role for humanhealth and control the creative performance of our society. Sostudy of ambient noise pollution is an important parameter toassess the environment health. In this study ambient noise levelhas been recorded for three successive years (2011-2013) indifferent locations of Agartala city to assess the temporal andspatial fluctuation of noise level between normal days andDiwali festival. Analytical results of the study revealed the factthat the noise pollution of the studied areas (Residential,Commercial and Silent Area) are exceed the normal standardsprescribed by CPCB for different areas/zones. Residential andSilent areas have been severely affected by noise pollutionduring Diwali nights. Ambient noise level have been increasesdue to firecrackers, traffic noise and heavy vehicular movementduring Diwali season and thus producing huge adverse effectson human health. Therefore, immediately proper noise controlmeasures are needed to be taken for protection of the citizens ofthe city from unpleasant effects of noise.Keywords—Ambient noise; Diwali festival; Tripura;Residential area; Commercial area; Silent area.I.INTRODUCTIONNoise is unwanted, unpleasant and infuriating sounds whichcause a significant environmental problem in many urbanareas [1, 2].Noise pollution considered as an environmentalstressor which now become a problem of all over the worldespecially in developing countries like India [3]. Accordingto the World Health Organization, noise pollution is the thirdmost hazardous environmental pollution [4].Steady increaseof noise level has not been properly recognized due toincapability of our auditory system and thus goes unnoticedin real time [5]. So, the effects of noise pollution on humansand control of environmental noise pollution has beenhampered by insufficient knowledge and lack of definedcriteria [6]. The effects of noise pollution have not beenrealized as have air and water pollution because of three validreasons as a subjective experience, short decay time, andIJERTV3IS090408www.ijert.org(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)501
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181IJERTVol. 3 Issue 9, September- 2014Fig.1. Map showing sampling locations of the study area of Agartala City.Numbers in the map indicating location names are as – 1. Ashram Chowmuhani, 2. Astabal, 3. Battala, 4. Durga Chowmuhani,5. Netaji Chowmuhani, 6. A.D. Nagarr, 7. Capital Complex, 8. Circuit House, 9. Indranagar, 10. G.B. Hospital, 11. I.G.M.Hospital, 12. M.B.B. CollegeIn Tripura also Diwali is celebrated with the adoration ofGoddess Kali with great ecstasy and exuberance. The rapidityof development, playing of mikes and thrashing of drum(Dhaak) in the puja pandals, vehicular movement, publicaddress system, bursting of fire crackers and other influencescontribute to an increasing noisy environment both in day andnight time on Diwali occasion. This study was focused onmonitoring of noise level of Agartala city during Diwalifestival. Motive of the study was to have a clear idea aboutthe spatial and temporal fluctuation of ambient noise level onDiwali day and normal day by assessing Equivalent noiselevel (Leq) in different locations of the city located in variouszone viz., commercial zone, residential zone and silent zone.II.STUDY AREAIII.The Agartala city is located between latitude 23 86′ N andlongitude 91 24′ E in the western part of Tripura, India(Figure 1). The city is spread over 58.84 sq. km. area andIJERTV3IS090408inhabited by the population of 4.39 Lakhs. To study theintensity of noise pollution in Agartala city during Diwalifestival, monitoring of noise level has been conducted inthree different zones. The zones are Commercial zone,Residential zone and, Silent zone as per categorization of theCentral Pollution control Board (CPCB) India. In total 12locations has been identified prior to monitoring that includes5 locations namely Ashram Chowmuhani, Astabal, Battala,Durga Chowmuhani and Netaji Chowmuhani in Commercialzone, 4 locations namely A.D Nagar, Capital Complex,Circuit house and Indranagar in Residential zone and 3locations in silence zone which includes G.B Hospital, IGMHospital and MBB College (Figure 1).METHODOLOGYSound level is measured by following standard procedureprescribed by CPCB using calibrated Sound Level Meters(SLM) [SL-4001] between 6.00 pm to 12.00 am duringwww.ijert.org(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)502
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 9, September- 2014IV.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFrom the analytical results it has been evident that the noisepollution level on Diwali days was more than the normal daysin the location for all the studied years. Analytical results arepresented in the Table 2. and has been described below as perarea (zone) levelA. Commercial Area:In all the locations which are located in Commercialareas the noise level was ranged between Lmin 41.55 dB (A) toLmax 83.98 dB (A) on normal days whereas on the Diwalidays it was ranged between Lmin 55.10 to Lmax 80.83 dB (A).Among the studied locations comparatively NetajiChowmuhani, Ashram Chowmuhani and Durga Chowmuhanihas less noise pollution on both normal and Diwali daysduring entire study period. Battala location has been severelysuffering from harsh noise pollution both on normal andDiwali days which is ranged between 55.11 to 72.35 dB (A)of Lmin and 68.56 to 87.58 dB (A) of Lmax. The Leq dB (A)was ranged between 46.14 to 63.92 dB (A) on normal daysand 64.85 to 73.20 dB (A) on Diwali days in the year 2011.In the year 2012 the Leq on normal days ranged between64.94 to 71.99 dB (A) and on Diwali days it was rangedbetween 65.50 to 75.64 dB (A). Same trend has been followsfor the year 2013 where on normal days the noise levelranged between 56.86 to 63.37 dB (A) and on Diwali days itwas ranged between 62.13 to 72.82 dB (A).IJERTDiwali and normal day in the year 2011-2013. Standard noiselevel for different zones during day and night time isfollowed according to CPCB guideline (Table 1). Ourmonitoring period comprises of 3 hrs. of day time and 3 hrsof night time (Total 6 hrs.). 5 readings has been made fromeach location within one hour duration i.e. 30 readings foreach location and 360 readings in total, from 12 locations hasbeen taken within 6 hrs., at one minute interval during sixspecified times (6 - 7 pm, 7.00 – 8.00 pm, 8.00 – 9.00 pm,9.00 – 10.00 pm, 10.00 – 11.00 pm and 11.00 pm – 12.00am). It is essential to declare here that there was goodclimatic situation on both normal and Diwali day and themonitoring of sound level on normal day was done prior tothe onset of Diwali festival, continue regular activities. Noisedescriptor Leq for equivalent noise has been assessed to revealthe extent of noise pollution during Diwali and normal daysfor three consecutive years (2011-2013). Leq calculate usingthe following formulan 0Leq 10 log ( fi ( 10 Li/10 ) dB (A)i 1Where, fi fraction of time for which the constant soundlevel persist (SPL), i time intervals, n number ofobservations, Li sound intensity level at a time interval.Lmin and Lmax were also assessed for each location toobserve minimum and maximum sound level respectively inspecific time gap during the sampling period. Lmin and Lmaxhave been calculated by average of 5 sets of contemporaryreadings at one minute interval which includes 10 readings intotal (5 minimum noise level and 5 maximum noise levels).Table 1. Prescribed ambient Noise Standards [Leq dB (A)] byCPCB for different Areas or Zones.Sl.No.Area 1.2.3.4.Industrial AreaCommercial AreaResidential AreaSilent Zone***Leq dB (A)NightDayTime*Time**7570655555455040* Day time - 06.00 am to 10.00 pm** Night time - 10.00 pm to 06.00 am*** Areas up to 100 meters around certain premises likeHospitals, Educational Institutions, Courts, Religious placesmay be declared as Silence Zones by the CompetentAuthority. Honking of vehicle horns, use of loudspeakers,bursting of crackers and hawkers’ noise should be banned inthese zones. Mixed area should be declared as one of four aforesaidareas by the Competent Authority and the corresponding limitis applied.IJERTV3IS090408B. Residential Area:In case of residential areas noise level was rangedbetween 39.16 dB (A) to 67.31 dB (A) on normal dayswhereas on Diwali days it was ranged between 46.33 to 78.31dB (A). During the study period comparatively capitalcomplex was found to have less noise pollution on bothnormal and Diwali days. Nasty noise pollution was noticed inall of the studied locations of Residential area on both normaland Diwali days. Moreover during the year 2011 the Leq dB(A) was ranged between 39.16 to 61.03 dB (A) on normaldays and 51.51 to 78.31 dB (A) on Diwali days. In the year2012 the Leq dB (A) on normal days ranged between 46.03 to67.31 dB (A) and ranged between 48.68 to 74.41 dB (A) onDiwali days. In 2013 the noise level was ranged between39.71 to 61.05 dB (A) and 46.33 to 74.60 dB (A) for normaland Diwali days respectively.C. Silent Area:The noise level of silent zone was found in between40.48 dB (A) to 60.73 dB (A) on normal days and 46.75 to75.23 dB (A) on Diwali days. The I.G.M hospital area hasbeen anguish from nasty noise pollution both on normal andDiwali days. The Leq dB (A) was ranged between 42.02 to49.84 dB (A) on normal days and 56.65 to 62.53 dB (A) onDiwali days in the year 2011. In the year 2012www.ijert.org(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)503
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 9, September- 2014was recorded 31.43 dB (A) at 10.00 – 11.00 pm whereas onDiwali days it was recorded 52.46 dB (A) at 11.00 am –12.00 pm. Temporal Leq was ranged between 49.24 – 60.27dB (A) and 62.36 – 67.18 dB (A) during normal and Diwalidays respectively. Likewise spatial fluctuation is found to behighest in Battala which was recorded as 71.99 dB (A) onboth normal days and 75.64 dB (A) during Diwali days. In alof the studied locations the noise level was measured beyondthe standard level during both normal and Diwali days(Figure 3). Only in Ashram Chowmuhani the noise level wasrecorded in between 55.75 to 65.5 dB (A) during the wholespan of this study. Among the locations of silent area G.BHospital area was found to has highestIJERTthe Leq dB (A) on normal days ranged between 50.52 to 55.90dB (A) and on Diwali days it was ranges between 57.76 to61.29 dB (A) whereas in 2013 the noise level of the normalday was ranged between 42.18 to 53.84 dB (A) and on Diwaliday it was ranged between 53.07 to 56.53 dB (A).From this study temporal fluctuation has beenclearly visualized in all of the studied locations (Figure 2).Sequential variation in noise level was noticed to be increasegradually from 6.00 – 7.00 pm time phase followed by 7.00 –8.00 pm, 8.00 – 9.00 pm, 9.00 – 10.00 pm, 10.00 – 11.00 pmand 11.00 pm – 12.00 am time phase in both normal andDiwali days. The highest noise level was recorded 71.48 dB(A) and 79.90 dB (A) during 6.00 – 7.00 pm on normal andDiwali days respectively. Lowest noise level on normal daysFig. 2. Temporal pattern of noise level variation in Agartala city during normal days and Diwali festival.IJERTV3IS090408www.ijert.org(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)504
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 9, September- 2014Fig. 2. Spatial pattern of noise level variation in Agartala city during normal days and Diwali festival.MeanLmax SDNormal days60.80 12.257.26 10.869.00 6.959.13 6.350.08 7.661.03 10.044.23 4.360.50 1.7Mean LeqdB(A)Normal days55.75 9.651.78 7.063.92 5.755.10 5.546.14 6.255.21 9.941.46 3.655.39 4.9MeanLmin SDDewali days58.30 2.866.03 4.270.91 9.462.56 11.255.10 2.761.26 3.951.51 0.660.50 1.7MeanLmax SDDewali days73.10 2.476.88 3.780.03 5.578.60 11.971.90 5.975.71 7.562.93 3.177.63 5.8Mean LeqdB(A)Dewali days64.85 2.470.76 3.873.20 6.471.39 9.964.92 4.870.31 1.956.50 0.769.52 3.1Indranagar39.70 1.448.60 7.344.50 4.854.50 6.078.31 5.769.52 5.6G.B HospitalI.G.M HospitalM.B.B CollegeAshram ChowmuhaniAstabalBattalaDurga ChowmuhaniNetaji ChowmuhaniA.D NagarCapital ComplexCircuit House44.23 5.944.81 9.541.11 6.155.73 4.860.15 6.661.60 6.058.30 6.355.63 5.448.25 2.846.03 2.956.93 6.250.75 8.852.58 11.444.93 6.070.85 5.674.85 7.783.98 3.779.10 6.782.43 5.463.35 2.654.73 3.467.31 7.147.63 6.949.84 10.242.02 4.164.94 5.369.44 6.371.99 2.867.95 5.067.81 4.854.50 2.050.65 3.262.99 6.855.23 2.153.78 1.052.83 0.657.28 2.660.33 4.972.35 12.765.63 4.661.33 4.560.20 3.448.68 3.454.50 4.464.23 6.373.03 9.361.06 1.373.31 4.475.13 10.687.58 2.985.58 4.283.80 7.374.41 5.657.66 2.768.66 4.762.53 5.560.85 4.156.65 0.565.50 2.668.46 6.175.64 1.774.09 3.273.05 6.666.73 3.754.04 2.461.56 3.8Indranagar49.21 6.162.31 6.855.69 7.153.48 1.966.36 5.060.25 3.0Residential Commercial SilentG.B HospitalI.G.M HospitalM.B.B CollegeAshram ChowmuhaniAstabalBattalaDurga ChowmuhaniNetaji ChowmuhaniA.D NagarCapital ComplexCircuit House50.50 1.944.98 3.946.61 4.250.95 4.252.25 8.058.56 4.953.00 5.650.43 5.045.40 5.739.71 5.147.25 2.360.63 2.060.73 8.655.13 4.563.33 6.062.56 7.168.56 5.363.23 4.565.80 6.358.50 7.847.93 7.457.28 3.855.90 1.050.52 5.351.17 4.756.86 4.857.05 7.163.37 5.358.36 4.661.17 5.351.00 6.443.47 5.552.17 1.854.90 3.350.91 1.551.95 2.062.81 13.260.25 3.967.16 5.555.68 3.057.98 8.063.76 6.546.33 1.554.28 3.467.93 5.375.23 4.264.31 5.075.21 11.668.50 7.176.73 4.468.18 7.169.05 7.274.60 2.358.73 1.862.05 6.960.37 3.161.29 2.657.76 2.570.14 12.963.85 4.972.82 5.662.13 3.464.28 7.269.99 4.152.04 2.959.22 3.8Indranagar47.40 10.061.05 10.254.46 9.249.73 2.064.95 5.958.44 8.0G.B HospitalI.G.M HospitalM.B.B College49.51 4.344.53 2.940.48 3.259.00 3.751.53 5.044.05 3.453.84 2.947.53 3.542.18 3.150.15 0.346.75 3.651.71 2.663.50 7.361.10 5.961.58 4.755.64 2.653.07 2.656.53 3.420122013IJERTV3IS090408Monitoring SitesIJERTResidential Commercial Silent Residential CommercialAshram ChowmuhaniAstabalBattalaDurga ChowmuhaniNetaji ChowmuhaniA.D NagarCapital ComplexCircuit HouseMeanLmin SDNormal days50.20 7.846.85 5.855.11 4.351.46 5.341.55 4.546.55 7.039.16 2.848.98 3.9Zones2011YearSilentTable 2. Noise level dB (A) variations at different locations of Agartala city during six specified times on normal and Diwalidays of the years 2011 to 2013.www.ijert.org(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)505
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 3 Issue 9, September- .S. Mahecha, B.R. Bamniya, V. Kapasya and R.S. Meena, Noisepollution monitoring during diwali festival in golden city jaisalmerof Rajastan, India, Environmentalist, Vol. 32(4), pp. 415-419, 2012.A. Jamrah, Al-omari and A.R. Sharabi, Evaluation of traffic noisepollution in Amman, Jordan, Env. Mon. Ass., Vol. 120 (1-3), pp.499-525, 2006.N.U. Singh and D. Shinde, Study of Noise Pollution Levels during aHindu Festival in Dhar Town, MP, India, Res. J. Che. Sci., Vol.3(12), pp. 71-75, December 2013.World Health Organization, United Nations Road SafetyCollaboration: A Handbook of Partner Profiles (Geneva: WorldHealth Organization), 2005.S. Sampath, S.M. Das and V.S. Kumar, Ambient noise levels inmajor cities in kerela, J.Ind.Geo.Uni., Vol. 8, pp. 293-298, 2004.S.O. Olayinka and A.S. Abdullahi, A comparative study of noisepollution levels in some selected areas in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria,Environ. Monit. Assess, Vol. 158(1-4), pp.155-167, 2009.M.A. Martin, M.A. Tarrero, A. Gonzalez and M. Machimbarrena,Exposure effect relationships between road traffic noise annoyanceand noise cost valuations in Valladolid, Spain, J.Appl. Acc., Vol.67(10), pp. 945-958, 2006.J. Ahmad, A. Abbas and S. Reem, Evaluation of traffic noisepollution, J. Env. Mon. Ass., Vol. 120(1-3), pp. 499-425, 2006.A.K. Gorai and A.K. Pal, Noise and its impact on human being: AReview, J. Env. Sci. Engg., Vol. 48(4), pp. 253-260, 2006.W. Babisch, Noi. Hea. Pers, Vol. 113, pp.14-15, 2005.M.C. Barrientos, D.C. Lendrum and K. Steenland, Occupationalnoise, assessing the burden of decease from work related hearingimpairment at national and local levels, Environmental burdendisease series, in World Health protection of the humanenvironment, Vol. 9, Geneva, 2004.P. Mandal, M. Prakash and J.K. Bassin, Impact of diwalicelebrations on urban air and noise quality in delhi city, India, Env.Monit. Ass., Vol. 184(1), pp. 209-215, 2012.S. Goswami, B.K. Swain and S.K. Panda, Assessment analysis andappraisal of road traffic noise pollution in Rourkela city, India, J.Env. Bio., Vol. 34(5), pp. 891-895, 2013.“Guidelines for community noise” in World Health Organisation,Guideline values, Eds. B. Berglund, T. Lindvall and D.H. Schwela,1999.West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Report of assessment of noisesurvey in Kolkata during Kalipuja festival-2003, 2003.V.P. Kudesia, T.N. Tiwari, Noise pollution and its control, 3rd Edn.,Pragati Prakashan, Merrut, India, 2007.D.B. Tripathy, Noise pollution. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, NewDelhi, India, 1999.Ambient Air Quality in respect of noise, Central Pollution ControlBoard, New Delhi, Schedu
A Comparative Study of Ambient Noise Level During Diwali Festival in Agartala City, Tripura, India . study of ambient noise pollution is an important parameter to . (SLM
Operating Ambient The minimum outdoor operating ambient in cooling mode is 55_F (12.78_C) without low ambient cooling enabled in the Evolution Control, and the maximum outdoor operating ambient in cooling mode is 125_F (51.67_C). At line voltage of 208v (or below, and outdoor ambient of 120_F (48.9_C) (and ab
ambient advertising to present an approach, then an advertising assessment is conducted, through a survey to examine these ambient advert designs. This assessment is examining ambient advertising designs according to the character of creativity and the effectiveness of them. The results are presented with accepting average (between 78% to 89%
1.1 Definition, Meaning, Nature and Scope of Comparative Politics 1.2 Development of Comparative Politics 1.3 Comparative Politics and Comparative Government 1.4 Summary 1.5 Key-Words 1.6 Review Questions 1.7 Further Readings Objectives After studying this unit students will be able to: Explain the definition of Comparative Politics.
High-PerformanceGravityConvection Double-Door ChamberVolume 2.5cu.ft./71L 3.75cu.ft./106L 5cu.ft./142L 11.2cu.ft./317L TemperatureControl MicroprocessorPID MicroprocessorPID MicroprocessorPID MicroprocessorPID TemperatureDisplay LED LED LED LED TemperatureRange ambient 5 to75 C ambient 5 to75 C ambient 5 to75 C ambient 5 to65 C Uniformity@37 C 0.7 C 0.7 C 0.7 C 0.4 C
PYF-@@-PU(-L) *The continuous carry current of 10 A for PYF-08-PU(-L) is for an ambient temperature of 55 C. At an ambient temperature of 70 C, the value is 7 A. PTF-@@-PU(-L) *The continuous carry current of 10 A for PTF-08-PU(-L) is for an ambient temperature of 55 C. At an ambient temperature of 70 C, the value is 7 A.
where low ambient controls are used. 2. Start capacitor and relay (hard start) kits are required on all single phase applications where low ambient controls are used. 3. Evaporator freeze thermostat NASA001FS is required on all applications where low ambient controls are used. Figure 5 Low Voltage W
New control strategy for extra low ambient conditions Smart Ambient Cooling Kit Smart Ambient Cooling Kits are the perfect solution for units which will be operating under extreme conditions. Although our standard units are suitable down to -20 C our Smart Ambient Kits ensure systems c
brother’s life ended in death by the hands of his brother. We are going to see what the Holy Spirit revealed that caused the one to murder his flesh and blood. We are also going to see God’s expectation and what he needed to operate in as his brother’s keeper. My desire is for us to all walk away with a greater burden for each other as we see each other as ourselves and uphold each other .
