Integrated IS-IS
CHAPTER 4Integrated IS-ISThis chapter provides information and commands concerning the followingIntermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) topics: ISO Network Entity Title (NET) Rules for creating a NET Examples of NETs: Cisco implementation Basic IS-IS configuration Neighbors and timers Election of the designated IS (DIS) Rules for IS-IS adjacencies Routing metrics Wide metrics Manual summarization Injecting default routes Defining router types Verifying integrated IS-IS routing Configuration example: Multi-area IS-ISISO Network Entity Title (NET)Figure 4-1 shows three of the different formats that an ISO NET can take:(a) An 8-octet area IS/system ID format(b) An OSI NSAP format(c) A GOSIP NSAP format
62Rules for Creating a NETFigure 4-1Formats for ISO NETAreaSystem IDSEL07.000.3090.c7df.00(a)DomainAreaSystem IDSEL47.0004.30ac.0007.0000.3090.c7df.00(b)AFIICD DFIAAI Reserved RDIAreaSystem df.00(c)Rules for Creating a NET The NET must begin with a single octet. Addresses starting with 49 (AF I 49) are considered private IP address, analogous toRFC 1918.— Routed by IS-IS— Should not be advertised to other Connectionless Network Service (CLNS)networks (outside this IS-IS domain) Additional 2 bytes added for the area ID. All routers in the same area must have the same area address. The system ID must be the same number of octets throughout the domain. Cisco has implemented a fixed length of 6 octets for the system ID of a NET. It is customary to use the MAC address of the router, or an IP address of a loopbackinterface (192.168.111.3 192.168.111.003 1921.6811.1003). The practice of using a modified loopback IP address as the system ID may now beconsidered outdated because of the dynamic host name feature. This feature uses anew Type Length Value (TLV 137) to map the router’s host name to the system ID. Each device must have a unique system ID within the area. The NET must end with a single octet—the network service access point (NSAP)selector byte (NSEL), usually set to 0x00.— When the NSEL is set to 0, it identifies the device itself.— The NSEL is like a TCP port number: It indicates the transport layer.
Basic IS-IS Configuration63Examples of NETs: Cisco ImplementationExample 1: NSAP 47.0001.aaaa.bbbb.cccc.00Area ID is 47.0001System ID is aaaa.bbbb.ccccNSAP selector byte is 00Example 2: NSAP 39.0f01.0002.0000.0c00.1111.00Area ID is 39.0f01.0002System ID is 0000.0c00.1111NSAP selector byte is 00Basic IS-IS ConfigurationNOTE: IS-IS is the only IP routing protocol that must be enabled both as a process andon individual interfaces.router isisRouter(config)#rEnables the IS-IS routing .1111.1111.00Configures the NET.exitRouter(config-router)#eReturns to global configuration mode.interfaceRouter(config)#ifastethernet 0/0Enters interface configuration mode.ip addressRouter(config-if)#i172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0Assigns the IP address and netmask.ip router isisRouter(config-if)#iEnables IS-IS routing on this interface. A“null” tag (area designator) is used for therouting process if no area tag is given.TIP: You cannot issue an ip router isiscommand on an interface until an IPaddress has been assigned to that interface.NOTE: The ip router isis command mustbe added to all interfaces whose networksare to be advertised by IS-IS. This includestransit interfaces (interfaces connected toIS-IS neighbors) and interfaces connectedto stub networks (interfaces not connectedto IS-IS networks).
64Neighbors and Timersno shutdownRouter(config-if)#nActivates the interface.exitRouter(config-if)#eReturns to global configuration mode.Neighbors and TimersinterfaceRouter(config)#ifastethernet 0/0Enters interface configuration mode.isis helloRouter(config-if)#iinterval 20Changes the interval to 20 secondsbetween exchanges of Hello protocol dataunits (PDU). The default is 10 seconds.NOTE: A faster hello interval facilitatesfaster convergence but increases bandwidthand CPU use. It might also add toinstability in the network. A slower hellointerval saves bandwidth and CPU use.isis helloRouter(config-if)#imultiplier 4Changes the length of the hold-timemultiplier. By default, an IS-IS router waits3 times the hello interval until it considersa neighbor dead.TIP: The isis hello-interval and the isishello-multiplier commands are changedon a per-interface basis. Timers can vary ondifferent interfaces.NOTE: It makes more sense to tune thehello interval and hello multiplier on pointto-point interfaces than on LAN interfaces.NOTE: Hello intervals and hold times donot have to match between IS-IS neighborsfor an adjacency to form.
Routing Metrics65Election of the Designated IS (DIS)interfaceRouter(config)#ifastethernet 0/0Enters interface configuration mode.isis priorityRouter(config-if)#i100Changes the priority to 100 for the DISelection process.NOTE: DIS priority is a number thatranges from 0 to 127. The Cisco default is64. The highest priority wins the DISelection. If all priorities are the same, thenumerically highest MAC address wins theelection. There is no way to make a routerineligible from being the DIS—there is noIS-IS equivalent to the OSPF priority 0option.NOTE: There is no backup DIS.Rules for IS-IS Adjacencies L1 routers form L1 adjacencies with L1 and L1-L2 routers in their area. L2 routers form L2 adjacencies with L2 and L1-L2 routers in their area or another area. L1/L2 routers form L1 and L2 adjacencies with each other in their area or another area. An L1 router does not form an adjacency with an L2 router, regardless of area. The system ID must be unique to each router. Hello intervals and hold times do not have to match.Routing Metricsinterface serialRouter(config)#i0/0Enters interface configuration mode.isis metric 50Router(config-if)#iChanges the metric to 50. The range is from0 to 63.NOTE: The default metric for IS-IS is 10,regardless of interface type. This makeshop count the IS-IS routing metric, if allinterfaces are left at the default metric.
66Injecting Default RoutesNOTE: The total cost of any route is a sumof the individual metrics of the outgoinginterfaces.NOTE: The maximum metric value is1023.Wide Metricsrouter isisRouter(config)#rEnables the IS-IS routing process.metricRouter(config-router)#mstyle wideEnables the wide metric.NOTE: To support better metricgranularity, Cisco IOS Software allows fora wider metric field. This field could be 24bits wide for the Extended IP ReachabilityTLV or 32 bits wide for the Extended IPReachability TLV. These fields are usedprimarily when working with trafficengineering.Manual Summarizationrouter isisRouter(config)#rEnables the IS-IS routing process.summaryRouter(config-router)#saddress 192.168.0.0255.255.255.240Enables manual summarization for thegiven address and netmask.Injecting Default Routesip route 0.0.0.0Router(config)#i0.0.0.0 172.16.0.1Creates a default route.router isisRouter(config)#rEnables the IS-IS routing process.defaultRouter(config-router)#dinformation originateInjects the default route into the IS-ISrouting domain.
Verifying Integrated IS-IS Routing67NOTE: Using the default-informationoriginate command will inform a routerthat it is an interdomain router.NOTE: The default-informationoriginate command will only be used onan L2 or an L1/L2 router.Defining Router Typesrouter isisRouter(config)#rEnables the IS-IS routing process.is-typeRouter(config-router)#ilevel-1The router will perform only Level 1routing (intra-area or within a single area).is-typeRouter(config-router)#ilevel-1-2The router will perform both Level 1routing (intra-area) and Level 2 level-2-onlyThe router will perform only Level 2routing. This router will not communicatewith Level 1 routers in its own area.NOTE: The default for an IS-IS router isto perform both Level 1 and Level 2routing.Verifying Integrated IS-IS Routingshow clns neighborRouter#sDisplays both ES and IS neighborinformation.show isis databaseRouter#sDisplays the IS-IS link-state database insummary form.show isis database detailRouter#sDisplays the IS-IS link-state database. Thecontents of each link-state packet are alsodisplayed.show ip routeRouter#sDisplays the current state of the routingtable.show isis topologyRouter#sDisplays a list of all connected routers inall areas.
68Configuration Example: Multi-Area IS-ISConfiguration Example: Multi-Area IS-ISFigure 4-2 shows the network topology for the configuration that follows, which demonstrateshow to configure Integrated IS-IS using the commands covered in this chapter.Figure 4-2Multi-Area .20.1/24L2CancunLo0172.16.30.1/24Mazatlan RouterenableRouter eMoves to privileged mode.configure terminalRouter#cMoves to global configuration mode.hostname MazatlanRouter(config)#hAssigns the host name to the router.interfaceMazatlan(config)#ifastethernet 0/0Enters interface configuration mode.ip addressMazatlan(config-if)#i192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0Assigns an IP address and netmask.ip router isisMazatlan(config-if)#iEnables IS-IS routing on thisinterface.
Configuration Example: Multi-Area IS-IS69no shutdownMazatlan(config-if)#nEnables the interface.int loopback 0Mazatlan(config-if)#iMoves to interface configurationmode.ip addressMazatlan(config-if)#i172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0Assigns an IP address and netmask.ip router isisMazatlan(config-if)#iEnables IS-IS routing on thisinterface.interface serialMazatlan(config-if)#i0/0Moves to interface configurationmode.ip addressMazatlan(config-if)#i10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252Assigns an IP address and netmask.ip router isisMazatlan(config-if)#iEnables IS-IS routing on thisinterface.clock rate 56000Mazatlan(config-if)#cSets the clock rate.no shutdownMazatlan(config-if)#nEnables the interface.exitMazatlan(config-if)#eReturns to global configuration mode.router isisMazatlan(config)#rEnables the IS-IS routing 111.1111.00Configures the NET.is-type levelMazatlan(config-router)#i1-2The router will perform both Level 1and 2 routing.exitMazatlan(config-router)#eReturns to global configuration mode.exitMazatlan(config)#eReturns to privileged mode.copy running-config startupMazatlan#cconfigSaves the configuration to NVRAM.Acapulco RouterenableRouter eMoves to privileged mode.configure terminalRouter#cMoves to global configuration mode.hostname AcapulcoRouter(config)#hAssigns the host name to the router.
70Configuration Example: Multi-Area IS-ISinterfaceAcapulco(config)#ifastethernet 0/0Enters interface configuration mode.ip addressAcapulco(config-if)#i192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0Assigns an IP address and netmask.ip router isisAcapulco(config-if)#iEnables IS-IS routing on thisinterface.no shutAcapulco(config-if)#nEnables the interface.interface loopbackAcapulco(config-if)#i0Moves to interface configurationmode.ip addressAcapulco(config-if)#i172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0Assigns an IP address and netmask.ip router isisAcapulco(config-if)#iEnables IS-IS routing on thisinterface.exitAcapulco(config-if)#eReturns to global configuration mode.router isisAcapulco(config)#rEnables the IS-IS routing 222.2222.00Configures the NET.is-type levelAcapulco(config-router)#i1The router will perform Level 1routing only.exitAcapulco(config-router)#eReturns to global configuration mode.exitAcapulco(config)#eReturns to privileged mode.copy running-config startupAcapulco#cconfigSaves the configuration to NVRAM.Cancun RouterenableRouter eMoves to privileged mode.configure terminalRouter#cMoves to global configuration mode.hostname CancunRouter(config)#hAssigns a host name to the router.interface serial 0/0Cancun(config)#iEnters interface configuration mode.ip addressCancun(config-if)#i10.10.10.2 255.255.255.252Assigns an IP address and netmask.
Configuration Example: Multi-Area IS-IS71ip router isisCancun(config-if)#iEnables IS-IS routing on thisinterface.no shutdownCancun(config-if)#nStarts the interface.interface loopback 0Cancun(config-if)#iMoves to interface configurationmode.ip addressCancun(config-if)#i172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0Assigns an IP address and netmask.ip router isisCancun(config-if)#iEnables IS-IS routing on thisinterface.exitCancun(config-if)#eReturns to global configuration mode.router isisCancun(config)#rEnables the IS-IS routing 3.3333.00Configures the NET.is-type level-2Cancun(config-router)#ionlyRouter will perform Level 2 routingonly.exitCancun(config-router)#eReturns to global configuration mode.exitCancun(config)#eReturns to privileged mode.copy running-config startupCancun#cconfigSaves the configuration to NVRAM.
originate command will inform a router that it is an interdomain router. NOTE: The default-information originate command will only be used on an L2 or an L1/L2 router. Router(config)#router isis Enables the IS-IS routing process. Router(config-router)#is-type level-1 The router will perform o
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