Human Body Systems - Plainview

Human Body Systems

Regulation andHomeostasis in theHuman Body:Quick view

Eleven Body Systems work together tomaintain homeostasis.1. Nervous System2. Endocrine System3. Lymphatic System4. Circulatory System5. Respiratory System6. Digestive System7. Excretory System8. Skeletal System9. Muscular System 10. Integumentary System11. Reproductive System

Human Body OrganizationThe Human Bodyis composed ofOrgan Systemsare composed ofOrgansare composed ofTissuesare composed ofCells

What is the job of yourcirculatory system? To transportoxygen andnutrients aroundyour body andto help to getrid of wastes

What organs, or parts, makeup your circulatory system? ArteriesVeinsHeartBlood

The heart pumpsblood through thebody.

Types Of Blood VesselsArteriesMove blood away from heartHave thick & elastic walls, made ofsmooth muscles.Are connected to ventricles in theheart.

Types Of Blood VesselsVeinsMove blood toward the heartHave one-way valves.Are squeezed by skeletal muscles.Carry blood with waste materials andthat is oxygen-poor.

Types Of Blood VesselsCapillariesAre microscopic blood vessels.Connect arteries to veins.Their walls are only one cell thick!Nutrients and oxygen are exchangedfrom the blood to body cells throughcapillary walls.

White blood cellRed blood cell

Parts of Human BloodRed bloodWhite blood cells cellsPlateletsPlasmaHelp fightinfectionTransport O2Help clotbloodContainsnutrients &minerals Theliquid part ofblood

Digestive SystemFunction:Digestion is the process of breaking foodinto small molecules so that they can beabsorbed and used by the body.

Nutrients Are substances in food that provideenergy and materials for celldevelopment, growth, and repair.

The Digestive SystemFunction: to change food into simplermolecules that can be absorbed intobloodstream and used by the bodyMajor Organs : Organs that food will passthroughMouthEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestine

The Digestive SystemPurpose: to change food into simplermolecules that can be absorbed intobloodstream and used by the bodyMajor Organs : Organs that food will passthroughMouthEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge intestine

MAIN ORGANSHELPER ORGANS1) MOUTH2) ESOPHAGUSLIVERGALL BLADDER3) STOMACHPANCREAS5) LG. INTESTINE4) SMALLINTESTINE6) RECTUM

MAIN ORGANSHELPER ORGANS1) MOUTH2) ESOPHAGUSLIVERGALL BLADDER3) STOMACHPANCREAS5) LG. INTESTINE4) SMALLINTESTINE6) RECTUM

Your Digestive SystemEsophagus: muscular tube thatconnects throat to stomach. Movesfood down by squeezing (peristalsis)ESOPHAGUS

Your Digestive SystemStomach: muscular bag wherechemical and mechanical digestioncontinue; food stays here 4 hours,changes to chymeSTOMACH

Small Intestine: Tube nearly 7 meters long where digestivejuices from liver and pancreas are added villi absorb small nutrient molecules. All chemical and physical digestion ENDSVILLISmall Intestine

The small intestine absorbs nutrients andtransfersthe nutrients to the circulatory system.Section 38-2The small intestine is lined with small fingerlikeprojections known as villi which designed to havea large surface area for this task.SmallIntestineVillus

Large Intestine: absorbs water fromundigested food, where unabsorbedmaterials become more solid

Rectum: where solid wastes (feces) arestored.ANUS: muscles control the release ofsolid wastes from the bodyRECTUM

Respiratory SystemMajor Structures lungs, nose, mouth,tracheaFunctions moves air into and outof lungs; controls gasexchange betweenblood and lungs

The RespiratorySystemto theSystemFigure37-13 ThelinksRespiratoryCirculatorySystem to provide cells withSection 37-3oxygen and remove carbon dioxideBronchi branch to airsacs known as aveoliwhere gas exchangeoccurs

Gas Exchange37-3in theSectionlungsoccurs throughthe process ofBronchioleDIFFUSIONHigh concentration ofoxygen (O2) movesout of lungs intoblood to balanceconcentration. CO2does the opposite(moves from blood tolungs)CapillaryAlveoli

The Lungs areonly37-15air sacs.In orderfor themFigureThe Mechanicsof Breathingto movethey must work together with aSection 37-3muscle known as the DiaphragmAir inhaledAirexhaledRib cagelowersRib cagerisesDiaphragmDiaphragmExhalationInhalation

Excretory SystemFunctions Removes cellularwastes from blood andthe bodyMajor Structures kidneys urinary bladder ureters urethra skin, lungs

Wastes and water diffuse out of the blood into filtersin the kidney. The kidneys form the liquid wasteURINE. Urine leaves the kidneys and is passed fromthe ureters to the urinary bladder.VeinKidneyUreterUrinary BladderUrethraArtery

How does the human bodymove from place to place andhave the ability to run, blink orbuild things?These things are all madepossible by the skeletaland muscular systems.

Muscular SystemFunction: MOVEMENTMajor Muscle Types Skeletal – Attached to bones forvoluntary actions Smooth – Found in the digestivetract and the blood vessels to movefood and blood. Control involuntaryactions (you do not decide for themto work) Cardiac – Heart muscle cells areinvoluntary.

SkeletalSection 36-2 muscles work in opposingpairs. When one muscle contracts, theother relaxes.MovementBiceps (relaxed)MovementTriceps (contracted)Biceps(contracted)Triceps (relaxed)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v VCminz-X52I

Interesting Facts There are nearly 600 skeletal muscles that make upnearly half of the total body weight in the human. Muscles can only pull – they cannot push. Energy is stored in the muscles in a chemical called ATP. Lactic acid is released when the muscles are overworkedand lack O2, making the muscles hurt or ache. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. The biggest muscles in the body are the gluteusmaximus muscles (buttocks), but the muscle that canexert the most force is the masseter (jaw muscle).

Skeletal SystemMajor Structures bones and jointsFunctions protects organs shapes & supportsthe body interacts with skeletalmuscles allows formovement produces blood cellsin the bone marrow stores mineralscalcium andphosphorous

Interesting Facts A baby is born with 270 bones while an adult bodyhas 206 bones. The hands and feet contain half of the bones in thehuman body. Bones are made of the hard mineral calcium, livingcells, blood vessels and nerves. Bones are made of several layers – periosteum,compact bone, and spongy bone. A joint is where two bones meet. Joints can be fixed (the skull), ball-and-socket(shoulders and hips), pivot (neck), gliding (wrists),and hinged (fingers, elbows, and knees).

Reproductive SystemFunctions produces gametes Eggs (female) Sperm (male) Allows for the continuation of thespecies.Major Structures ovaries, uterus, and (in females) testes and penis (in males)

The Reproductive SystemFunctions to make new individuals byproducing, storing and releasing specializedsex cells known as gametes.Cells from the male reproductive system, knownas sperm, must fuse with cells of the femalereproductive system, known as eggs.

Interesting Facts A person grows over 5 million times bigger changingfrom a single cell to a newborn human being. Humans grow for about 20 years, changing from a childto an adult. Male reproductive cells are called sperm, and femalereproductive cells are called eggs. Sperm and eggs have only 23 chromosomes each. When joined together, sperm and egg make a whole cellcalled a zygote which can grow into a baby.

Nervous SystemMajor Structures brain, spinal cord,nerves, sense organsFunctions regulates behavior;maintains homeostasis;regulates other organsystems; controlssensory and motorfunctions

The Nervous System:The nervous system is the number onecommunication center of the body. The basic celltype that carries the communications are neuronsthat transmit electrical impulses.NEURONCELLNucleusAxon terminalsCell BodyMyelin SheathNodesDendrites

The nervous system is divided into twodivisions: The Central Nervous System (CNS)–Responsible for relaying messages,processing and analyzing information.The Peripheral Nervous System –Receives information from the environmentand relays commands from the CNS to theorgans and glands

The BrainCerebrumCerebellumMedulla oblongataBRAIN STEM

The brain is the main switching area of the centralnervous system.Cerebrum – Responsible for voluntary activities of thebody (Intelligence, learning and judgement)Cerebellum – Coordinates muscle movement andbalanceBrain Stem – Consists of the pons and the medullaoblongata. Pass message between brain and body

Interesting Facts The left half of the brain controls the right half of thebody and vice-versa. The human brain is more powerful and complicated thanthe world’s biggest computer. It can store millions ofmemories and do billions of calculations every day. The human body has over 100 billion neurons in all. The brain can receive over 100,000 signals per second. Messages whiz through the nerves at up to 270 mph. Neurons reaching from the spinal cord to the toes arethe longest cells in the human body, measuring up to 4feet in length.

Endocrine SystemFunctions: regulates body activities temperature, metabolism development, and reproduction maintains homeostasis regulates other organ systemsMajor Glands (organs): hypothalamusProduces hormones, pituitary Pancreaschemicals Adrenalthatcontrolthe Thyroidbody. testes and ovaries

Pineal GlandHypothalamusEndocrine GlandsPituitaryThyroidPancreasParathyroidsOvary (female)ThymusAdrenalGlandsTestis(male)

Endocrine System Endocrine glands release hormones, chemicals that actas signals telling different parts of the body what to do. The body makes over 20 hormones, each with adifferent job to do. The blood carries hormones around the body untilreaching the target organ, the body part needing it. Hormones can affect the way a person feels. As a person ages, the body makes less of somehormones.

Important Glands and Hormones of the ogenControls sleep and wakecycleControls appetite andmetabolismDeals with stressfulsituationsT-cell development (fightdiseases)Female reproductionTestisTestosteroneMale reproduction

The human brain is more powerful and complicated than the world’s biggest computer. It can store millions of memories and do billions of calculations every day. The human body has over 100 billion neurons in all. The brain can receive over 100,000 signals per sec