Theories And Interventions - American Counseling Association
Sixth EditionCounseling andPsychotherapyTheories and Interventionsedited byDavid Capuzzi and Mark D. StaufferAMERICAN COUNSELINGASSOCIATION6101 Stevenson Avenue, Suite 600Alexandria, VA 22304www.counseling.org
Sixth EditionCounseling andPsychotherapyTheories and InterventionsCopyright 2016 by the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved.Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United StatesCopyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributedin any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without thewritten permission of the publisher.American Counseling Association6101 Stevenson Avenue, Suite 600 Alexandria, VA 22304Associate Publisher Carolyn C. BakerDigital and Print Development Editor Nancy DriverSenior Production Manager Bonny E. GastonCopy Editor Beth CihaCover and text design by Bonny E. Gaston.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: Capuzzi, David, editor. Stauffer, Mark D., editor.Title: Counseling and psychotherapy : theories and interventions/edited byDavid Capuzzi and Mark D. Stauffer.Description: Sixth edition. Alexandria, VA : American Counseling Association,[2016] Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2015049585 ISBN 9781556203541 (pbk. : alk. paper)Subjects: LCSH: Counseling. Psychotherapy. Counseling—Case studies. Psychotherapy—Case studies.Classification: LCC BF636.6 .C6735 2016 DDC 158.3—dc23 LC record availableat http://lccn.loc.gov/2015049585
Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsMeet the EditorsMeet the ContributorsPart 1vixxixiiiFoundations for Individual Counseling and PsychotherapyChapter 1The Helping Relationship: From Core Dimensions toBrief and Integrative PossibilitiesDavid Capuzzi, Mark D. Stauffer, and Douglas R. GrossChapter 2Diversity and Social Justice Issues inCounseling and PsychotherapyManivong J. Ratts, Julian Rafferty McCullough,335and Deborah J. RubelPart 2Theories of Counseling and PsychotherapyChapter 3Psychoanalytic TheoryAdrianne L. Johnson73Chapter 4Jungian Analytical TheoryKimberly Nelson and Abbé Finn97Chapter 5Adlerian TheoryRoxane L. Dufrene, Kathryn L. Henderson,121and Emeline C. Eckartiii
ivTable of ContentsChapter 6Existential TheoryMary Lou Bryant FrankChapter 7Person-Centered Theory147169Richard J. HazlerChapter 8Gestalt TheoryMelinda Haley, Sarah H. Golden, and Rebecca D. Nate195Chapter 9Cognitive Behavior TheoriesYurandol O. Powers and Cynthia R. Kalodner227Chapter 10Dialectical Behavior TheoryLaura R. Haddock253Chapter 11Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy283Ann VernonChapter 12Reality Therapy/Choice Theory311Robert E. WubboldingChapter 13Family Theory339Cass DykemanChapter 14Feminist TheoryBarbara Herlihy and Candace N. Park367Chapter 15Transpersonal TheoryJonathan W. Carrier and Nathanael G. Mitchell391Part 3Constructivist Theories and Creative ApproachesChapter 16Constructivist Theories:Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapies419Cirecie A. West-Olatunji and Marilyn Rush-OssenbeckChapter 17Creative Approaches in Counseling and PsychotherapyThelma Duffey, Shane Haberstroh, and Heather Trepal445Name IndexSubject Index469483
PrefaceThis sixth edition of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions presents a variety of theories and conceptual frameworks for understanding the parameters of the helping relationship. These parameters can include models forviewing personality development; explaining past behavior; predicting futurebehavior; understanding the current behavior of the client; diagnosing and planning treatment; assessing client motivations, needs, and unresolved issues; andidentifying strategies and interventions for use during the counseling and psychotherapy process.Theories help organize data and provide guidelines for the prevention andintervention efforts of counselors and therapists. They direct a professionalhelper’s attention and observations and offer constructs, terminology, andviewpoints that can be understood by colleagues and used during supervisionand consultation sessions. Theory directly influences the interventions used bycounselors and therapists to promote a client’s new insight, new behavior, andnew approaches to relationships and problem solving. The greater a counseloror therapist’s awareness of the strengths and possibilities inherent in numerous theoretical frames of reference, the greater the potential for understanding the uniqueness of a particular client and for developing the most effectivetreatment plan.This book is unique in both format and content. All of the contributing authorsare experts who provide state-of-the-art information about theories of counseling and psychotherapy (see the “Meet the Contributors” section for their backgrounds). In addition, each chapter discusses applications of theory as they relateto one particular case study: a hypothetical client named Maria to whom we areintroduced in the introduction to Part 2. This book also includes information thatis sometimes not addressed in other counseling and psychotherapy textbooks,such as the core dimensions of and brief and integrative approaches to the helping relationship, diversity and social justice issues in counseling, feminist theory,dialectical behavior theory, transpersonal theory, constructivist theories, and creative approaches in counseling and psychotherapy. The book’s unique approachenhances its readability and should increase reader interest in the material.v
viPrefaceFEATURES OF THE TEXTThis book is designed for students who are beginning their study of individual counseling and psychotherapy. It presents a comprehensive overview of each of the following: psychoanalytic, Jungian, Adlerian, existential, person-centered, Gestalt, cognitive behavior, dialectical behavior, and rational emotive behavior theories; realitytherapy/choice theory; and family, feminist, transpersonal, constructivist, and creative approaches. Each theory is addressed from the perspective of background, human nature, major constructs, applications (which includes a discussion of the goals ofcounseling and psychotherapy, the process of change, traditional intervention strategies, and brief intervention strategies), clients with serious mental health issues, crosscultural considerations, and evaluation (which evaluates both the supporting researchand the limitations of the theory). Each discussion also includes a summary chart anda case study consistent with the theoretical model.We know that one text cannot adequately address all of the factors connectedwith a given theory; entire texts have been written discussing each of the theoriesin this book. We have, however, attempted to provide readers with a consistentapproach to analyzing and studying each theory and have included examples ofhow to apply the theory to a case study.The format for this text is based on the contributions of the coeditors, who conceptualized the content and wrote the first chapter, as well as the contributions of30 authors selected for their expertise in various theories. Each chapter containstheoretical and applied content. The text is divided into the following three parts:“Foundations for Individual Counseling and Psychotherapy,” “Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy,” and “Constructivist Theories and Creative Approaches.”Part 1, “Foundations for Individual Counseling and Psychotherapy” (Chapters1 and 2), begins by offering general information about the helping relationshipand individual counseling as well as information on brief approaches to counseling and psychotherapy. This introductory information is followed by a chapter titled “Diversity and Social Justice Issues in Counseling and Psychotherapy,” whichsets the stage for developing awareness of the limitations of traditional Westerntheories and subsequent cross-cultural/diversity discussions.Part 2, “Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy” (Chapters 3–15), presents information on the 13 theories selected for inclusion in this portion of the text. Eachof these chapters—“Psychoanalytic Theory,” “Jungian Analytical Theory,” “AdlerianTheory,” “Existential Theory,” “Person-Centered Theory,” “Gestalt Theory,” “Cognitive Behavior Theories,” “Dialectical Behavior Theory,” “Rational Emotive BehaviorTherapy,” “Reality Therapy/Choice Theory,” “Family Theory,” “Feminist Theory,”and “Transpersonal Theory”—presents the theory and then applies the theory to thecase study of Maria.Part 3, “Constructivist Theories and Creative Approaches,” is focused on thefourth force of counseling and psychotherapy and the use of creativity in counseling.NEW TO THIS EDITIONThis edition of our text includes some additional features that we think will be ofgreat interest to readers. Chapter 1 has been updated and also includes a brief discussion on integrative counseling. An updated chapter on diversity and social justice issues in counseling and psychotherapy presents state-of-the-art information
Prefaceviiand perspectives to counselors who will be practicing with increasingly diverseclient populations. Readers should really enjoy the new rendition of the psychoanalytic theory chapter, which now goes beyond a discussion of classical psychoanalysis and includes brief psychodynamic theory, psychodynamic interpersonaltheory, and interpersonal psychotherapy. The cognitive–behavioral chapter provides the reader with general background about both behavioral and cognitivebehavior theoretical views and discusses how the cognitive behavior approachdeveloped from the behavioral point of view.The updated chapter on family theory is included to sensitize the reader tothe fact that counselors and therapists engaging clients in individual work mustkeep in mind the systemic variables influencing clients and the fact that someclients may need family counseling and psychotherapy as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.Completely new to this sixth edition are chapters on constructivist theories andcreative approaches to counseling and psychotherapy. Few counseling textbooksof this nature address these conceptual frameworks. We think readers will bestimulated by these features. Finally, professors adopting this text can request thePowerPoint slides and quiz items that have been developed for use with this text.We, the coeditors, and the 30 other contributors have made every effort to give thereader current information and content focused on both theory and application. It isour hope that this sixth edition of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions will provide the foundation that students need to make decisions about followup study of specific theories as well as the development of their own personal theoryof counseling and psychotherapy.
AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the authors who contributed their time and expertise tothe development of this book for professionals interested in individual counselingand psychotherapy. We also thank our families, who supported and encouragedour writing and editing efforts. Thanks go out to Carolyn Baker and other staffmembers of the Publications Department of the American Counseling Association for their collaborative and thorough approach to the editing and productionof this book.Special thanks go to Doug Gross, who so expertly and conscientiously servedas coauthor and coeditor of the first five editions of this book, which could neverhave become a reality without his efforts.ix
Meet the EditorsDavid Capuzzi, PhD, NCC, LPC, is a counselor educator and member of the corefaculty in clinical mental health counseling at Walden University and professor emeritus at Portland State University. Previously he served as an affiliateprofessor in the Department of Counselor Education, Counseling Psychology,and Rehabilitation Services at The Pennsylvania State University and scholar inresidence in counselor education at Johns Hopkins University. He is past president of the American Counseling Association (ACA), formerly the AmericanAssociation for Counseling and Development, and past chair of both the ACAFoundation and the ACA Insurance Trust.From 1980 to 1984, Dr. Capuzzi was editor of The School Counselor. He hasauthored a number of textbook chapters and monographs on the topic of preventing adolescent suicide and is coeditor and coauthor with Dr. Larry Goldenof Helping Families Help Children: Family Interventions With School Related Problems (1986) and Preventing Adolescent Suicide (1988). He coauthored and coeditedwith Douglas R. Gross Youth at Risk: A Prevention Resource for Counselors, Teachers, and Parents (1989, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2014), Introduction to the CounselingProfession (1991, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013), Introduction to Group Work (1992,1998, 2002, 2006; and with Mark Stauffer in 2010), and Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011; coauthored andcoedited with Mark Stauffer in 2016). Other texts are Approaches to Group Work:A Handbook for Practitioners (2003), Suicide Across the Life Span (2006), and Sexuality Issues in Counseling (2002), the last coauthored and coedited with LarryBurlew. He has also coauthored and coedited with Mark Stauffer Career Counseling: Foundations, Perspectives, and Applications (2008, 2012) and Foundations ofAddictions Counseling (2008, 2012, 2016). He has authored or coauthored articlesin a number of ACA journals.A frequent speaker and keynoter at professional conferences and institutes,Dr. Capuzzi has also consulted with a variety of school districts and community agencies interested in initiating prevention and intervention strategies foradolescents at risk for suicide. He has facilitated the development of suicideprevention, crisis management, and postvention programs in communitiesxi
xiiMeet the Editorsthroughout the United States; provides training on the topics of youth at riskand grief and loss; and serves as an invited adjunct faculty membe
tled “Diversity and Social Justice Issues in Counseling and Psychotherapy,” which sets the stage for developing awareness of the limitations of traditional Western theories and subsequent cross-cultural/diversity discussions. Part 2, “Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy” (Chapters 3–15), presents in-formation on the 13 theories .
value of career counseling, which include: a) the use of technology in career counseling instruction; b) the applicability of career counseling theories; c) the job search components; and, d) the implementation of unique career counseling strategies. This article will review how each component may be used in the career counseling class with
2) Essential interviewing and counseling skills (II.G.5.c.) 3) Counseling theories that provide the student with models to conceptualize client presentation and that help the student select appropriate counseling interventions. Students will be exposed to models of
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 63-81 Learning Objectives 63 Key Terms 63 Role Theories 65 Motivational Theories 67 Learning Theories 69 Cognitive Theories 73 Symbolic Interaction Theories 75 Socio-Cultural Theories 77 Evolutionary Theories 78 Summary and review 80 review QueStionS 81 4. SELF AND IDENTITY 82-107
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