MARPOL Annex VI – Prevention Of Air Pollution From Ships
MARPOLAnnex VI –prevention ofair pollutionfrom shipsEdmund HughesAir Pollution and Climate ChangeMarine Environment Division“Clean air at sea – promotingsolutions for sustainable andcompetitive shipping”European CommissionBrussels, Belgium1 June 2011
International Maritime Organization(IMO) The IMO Convention was adopted in1948 and IMO first met in 1959 A specialized agency of the UN 169 Member States Develop and maintain acomprehensive regulatory frameworkfor shipping Safety, environment, legal matters,technical co-operation, security andthe efficiency of shippingSafe, secure and efficient shippingon cleaner oceans
Why regulate shippingemissions? Impact on human health Impact on the environment Impact on property
MARPOL Annex VIRegulations for the Prevention of AirPollution from ShipsEntered into force 19 May 2005Revisions to Annex VIAdopted October 2008 andentered into force 1 July 2010
Report of fifty-seventh session of Marine Environment ProtectionCommittee held 31 March to 4 April 2008 (MEPC 57/21):“4.62 Slovenia, speaking as the Presidency of the EuropeanUnion, following consultations with the European Commission andfellow EU Member States, wholeheartedly congratulated the IMOcommunity – that was, all Member States, observers, the IMOSecretariat and the Secretary-General personally – for thistremendous achievement. The measures approved by theCommittee would significantly and quickly reduce air pollution fromships, offering benefits for the environment and humans in theentire world. In particular, Slovenia acknowledged and greatlyappreciated the co-operation and flexibility showed by all MemberStates and involved observers enabling IMO to reach thisimportant decision. It clearly demonstrated that IMO was capableof taking important and difficult decisions to protect theenvironment.”
Report of fifty-eigth session of Marine Environment Protection Committeeheld 6 to 10 October 2008 (MEPC 58/23):“The impact of sulphur limits on ferry operations in Northern Europe5.11 The Committee considered document MEPC 58/5/11 (INTERFERRY)providing comments and information on possible impacts on ferry operations inNorthern Europe under the revised MARPOL Annex VI. INTERFERRY alsoproposed that the overall environmental impact under the revised MARPOLAnnex VI should be taken into consideration by the appropriate bodies tomaintain a level playing field between different modes of transport.5.12 A number of delegations stressed that the matters raised by INTERFERRYhad been satisfactorily considered in the revision process and the negotiationsleading to the delicately balanced package approved by MEPC 57 thatrepresented a compromise that should not be reopened.5.13 The Committee agreed to note the information provided and the viewsexpressed by delegations, with no further action needed.”
Report of fifty-eigth session of Marine Environment ProtectionCommittee held 6 to 10 October 2008 (MEPC 58/23):“5.44 After the adoption of the revised MARPOL Annex VI and the NOXTechnical Code 2008, the delegation of Germany wholeheartedly thankedand congratulated the Committee, IMO and all its Members for thishistorical decision, which was a major step forward in the protection of theenvironment, as well as in enhancing the operational conditions forshipping and, at the same time, the public view of the shipping sector. Inits view, the unanimous adoption was a striking proof of what theCommittee can achieve, despite the different backgrounds and thediverse positions at the beginning of the negotiations of three years ago.The delegation of Germany further went on to say that it was now time todedicate all efforts into the implementation of the revised Annex and Codeto achieve what had been intended. The delegation of Germany statedthat different challenges might be faced at national or regional level whenimplementing the new regulations, e.g., challenges such as to preventmodal shift to less environmentally friendly means of transport in someregions. Such challenges had to be addressed at national or regionallevel, where necessary. However, in the view of Germany, challengeswere, to some extent, inherent in ambitious goals.”
Ratification of Annex VI Number of Contracting States: 65 The combined merchant fleets of which constituteapproximately 89.82% of the gross tonnage of the world'smerchant fleet 23 EU Member States Norway & Croatia Non–EU Parties include: Bahamas, Panama, Liberia,China, Republic of Korea, Marshall Islands, Japan,Singapore, US, Russian Federationref:Status of Multilateral Conventions, IMO, 3 May 2011
Annex VI - Application SummaryApplicationDoes not applyAll Ships When suffering damage to ship or equipment When saving life at sea When securing safety of shipSurveys and Certification All ships of 400 gross tonnage Fixed or floating platforms (drilling rigs) Floating craft and submersibles For non-Parties: ships constructed beforedate of entry into force of Annex VI tocomply by 1st scheduled drydock but nolater than 3 years after entry into forceInternational AirPollution Prevention(IAPP) CertificateSubject to Initial, Annual,Intermediate, andRenewal surveys
MARPOL Annex VI – RegulationsOzone depleting substances (ODS)Reg.12Nitrogen oxides (NOx)Reg.13Sulphur oxides and Particulate Matter (SOx)Reg.14Volatile organic compounds (VOC)Reg.15Shipboard incinerationReg.16Reception FacilitiesReg.17Fuel oil quality and availabilityReg.18
Regulation 14 Sulphur oxides and particulatematter (SOx & PM)Fuel oil% sulphur01.6.20110.5% fuel oil reviewcompletion by 25North AmericanECA comes intoeffect on 1 August20121.1.20150.100.50TimeNon-ECAECA
Sulphur Emission Control Areas
Options for Compliance Compliant fuel oil Equivalent compliance methods (regulation 4)– “fitting, material, appliance or apparatus to be fitted in a ship orother procedures, alternative fuel oils, or compliance methods”– Exhaust gas cleaning systems (open/closed loop) Onshore power supply (“cold ironing”)– IEC/ISO/IEEE standard expected to be published later this yearrefers to High Voltage Shore Connection System (HVSC) Bio-fuels– operating challenges: fuel system compatibility, long term storage,biological contamination LNG– operating challenges: on board storage, supply, crew qualifications– duel fuel engines
Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems An alternative to low SOx fuel Party to approve (reg.4.1) Guidelines MEPC.184(59) Compliance:ratio SO2(ppm) to CO2(% v/v) Space, initial cost, availability Operation, maintenance,consumables, disposal ofresidues, crew training Class/Port Authoritiesinspection
Fuel oil availability Party to consider reasons for non-availability ofcompliant fuel oil (regulation 18.2.1) Future 0.5% S supply - review by 2018 (CG)(regulation 14.8) MGO flashpoint - 60oC reduce to 55oC? Demand for 0.1% S supply in ECAs*– Current supply 15 million tonnes of MGO– 2015 demand estimated to rise to45-60 million tonnes MGO*Maersk, Dec 2010
Thank you for your attentionFor more information pleasesee: www.imo.org
MARPOL Annex VI – Regulations Ozone depleting substances (ODS) Reg.12 Nitrogen oxides (NO x) Reg.13 Sulphur oxides and Particulate Matter (SO x) Reg.14 Volatile organic compounds (VOC) Reg.15 Shipboard incineration Reg.16 Reception F
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