ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF THE ELEMENTS 1997
Pure & Appl. Chern., Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 217-235, 1998.Printed in Great Britain.Q 1998 IUPACINTERNATIONAL UNION OF PUREAND APPLIED CHEMISTRYINORGANIC CHEMISTRY DIVISIONCOMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES*SUBCOMMITTEE FOR ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCE MEASUREMENTS**ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OFTHE ELEMENTS 1997(Technical Report)Prepared for publication byK. J. R. ROSMAN' AND P. D. P. TAYLOR*IDepartment of Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6001, Australia'Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements,European Commission-JRC,B-2440 Geel, Belgium*Membership of the Commission for the period 1996-1997 was as follows:L. Schultz (FRG, Chairman);R. D. Vocke, Jr. (USA, Secretary); J. K. Bohlke (USA, Associate); H. J.Dietze (FRG, Associate); T. Ding (China, Associate); M. Ebihara (Japan, Titular); J. W. Gramlich(USA, Associate); A. N. Halliday (USA, Associate); H. R. Krouse (Canada, Titular); H. K. Kluge(FRG, Associate); R. D. Loss (Australia, Titular); G. I. Ramendik (Russia, Titular); D. E. Richardson(USA, Associate); M. StiCvenard (France, Associate); P. D. P. Taylor (Belgium, Titular); J. R. deLaeter (Australia, National Representative); P. De Bibvre (Belgium, National Representative); Y. Xiao(China, National Representative); M. Shima (Japan, National Representative); A. Pires de Matos(Portugal, National Representative); N. N. Greenwood (UK, National Representative); H. S. Peiser(USA, National Representative).**Membership of the Subcommittee for Isotopic Abundance Measurements 1991-1997:P. D. P. Taylor (Belgium, C h a i m n 1995-97); R. D. Loss (Australia, Secretary 2995-97); Members:P. De Bibvre (Belgium), J. CCsario (France), J. R. de Laeter (Australia), H. J. Dietze (FRG),M. Ebihara (Japan), J. W. Gramlich (USA), A. N. Halliday (USA,), N. E. Holden (USA), K. G.Heumann (FRG), H. K. Kluge (FRG), T. J. Murphy (USA), H. S. Peiser (USA), D. E. Richardson(USA), D. J. Rokop (USA), E. R. Roth (France), K. J. R. Rosman (Australia), M. Shima (Japan),R. D. Vocke (USA).Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permittedwithout the need for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgement, with full reference to thesource along with use of the copyright symbol 0, the name IUPAC and the year of publication are prominentlyvisible. Publication of a translation into another language is subject to the additional condition of prior approvalfrom the relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization.
Isotopic compositions of the elements 1997(Technical Report)Abstract- The Commission’s Subcommittee for the Isotopic Composition of theElements (SIAM) has carried out its biennial review of isotopic compositions, asdetermined by mass spectrometry and other relevant methods. This involves acritical evaluation of the published literature, element by element, and forms the basisof the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements as Determined by MassSpectrometry presented here. New guidelines have been used to arrive at theuncertainties on the isotopic abundances and there are numerous changes to the Tablesince it was last published in 1991. Atomic Weights calculated from this table areconsistent with &(E) values listed in the Table of Standard Atomic Weights 1997.INTRODUCTIONPrevious compilations of “The isotopic compositions of the elements” were published in 1983 (ref. l),1984 (ref. 2) and 1991 (ref. 3) for the purpose of yielding atomic weights consistent with theCommission’s “Table of Standard Atomic Weights ” [4, 5,6].During the past six years the Commission, through its Subcommittee for Isotopic AbundanceMeasurements (SIAM), has continued to assemble and evaluate new data which has led to improvementsto the tabulated isotopic composition of a number of elements. In 1993, the statistical guidelines forassigning uncertainties to the representative abundances were revised and extended by the Commission’sWorking Party on Statistical Evaluation of Isotopic Abundances (members: K. J. R. Rosman (Chairman),P. De Bi6vre and J. W. Gramlich). All the data presented in the Table were reassessed according to theseguidelines.The present table was assembled for publication following the meeting of SIAM held at Kloster Seeon(Germany), just prior to the 39th IUPAC General Assembly held at Geneva (Switzerland) in 1997 and ispresented here as a companion paper to the Atomic Weights of the Elements 1997.REFERENCES1. N.E. Holden, R.L. Martin and I.L. Barnes, Pure Appl. Chern., 55, 1119-1 136 (1983).2. N.E. Holden, R.L. Martin and I.L. Barnes, Pure Appl. Chern., 56, 675-694 (1984).3. IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Pure Appl. Chem. 63, 991- 1002(1991).4. IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Pure Appl. Chem. 55, 1101-1118(1983).5. IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Pure Appl. Chern. 56, 653-674(1984).6. IUPAC Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Pure Appl. Chem. 63, 975-990(1991).2180 1998 IUPAC
lsotopic composition of the elements 1997219The Subcommittee for Isotopic Abundance Measurements (SUM) has examined the literature available toit through July 1997 and has evaluated these data to produce a table of recommended isotopic abundancesfor the elements. The table is intended to include values for normal terrestrial samples and does notinclude values published for meteoritic or other extra-terrestrial materials.The column contents are as follows:Column 1: The elements are tabulated in ascending order of their atoniic numbers.Column 2: The symbols for the elements are listed using the abbreviations recommended by IUPAC.Column 3: The mass number for each isotope is listed.Column 4: Range of natural variations.Given .are the highest and lowest abundances published for each isotope from measurementswhich have been accepted by the Subcommittee. No data are given in this Column unless arange has been reliably established. The limits given do not include certain exceptionalsamples, these are noted with a "g" in Column 5 .Column 5 : AnnotationsThe letters appended in this Column have the following significance:g geologically exceptional specimens are known in which the element has an isotopiccomposition outside the reported range. (refers to column 4)m modified isotopic compositions may be found in commercially available material becauseit has been subjected to an undisclosed or inadvertent isotopic fractionation. Substantialdeviations from the isotopic compositions given can occur. (refers to column 9)r range in isotopic composition existing in normal terrestrial material limits the precision ofthe isotopic abundances. (refers to column 9)Column 6: The best measurement from a single terrestrial source.The values are reproduced from the original literature. The uncertainties on the last digits aregiven in parenthesis as reported in the original publication. As they are not reported in anyuniform manner in the literature, SLAM indicates this as follows: Is, 2s, 3s indicates 1, 2, or 3standard deviations, P indicates some other error as defined by the author, and 'se' indicatesstandard error (standard deviation of the mean). Where data are published as isotopic ratios,they, including their uncertainties, are converted to abundances using orthodox procedures."C" is appended when calibrated mixtures have been used to correct the mass spectrometer forbias, giving an "absolute" result within the errors stated in the original publication."F" is appended when calibrated mixtures have been used to correct for isotopic fractionationbut the measurement fails to fulfil all of the requirements of a C measurement.0 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry70.217-235
220COMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPICABUNDANCES"L'is appended when the linearity of the mass spectrometer has been established for therelevant abundance ratios by using synthetic mixtures of isotopes or certified materialsproduced by an appropriate Standards laboratory."N" is appended when none of the above requirements are met.The user is cautioned that:a) Since the data are reproduced from the literature, the sum of the isotopic abundances maynot equal 100 percent.b) When a range of compositions has been established, the samples used for the bestmeasurement may come from any part of the range.c) An uncalibrated "Best Measurement" is not necessarily free of systematic errors.Column 7: The reference shown is that from which the data shown in column 6 were taken (Appendix A).Column 8: Reference materials or samples with normal terrestrial isotopic values which are known to beavailable are listed. An asterisk indicates the reference material used for the bestmeasurement. When additional reference materials are available, .the distributors are listed inlieu of specific reference materials (Appendix B).Column 9: Representative Isotopic Composition.In this column are listed the values which, in the opinion of SIAM, represent the isotopiccomposition of the chemicals and/or materials most commonly encountered in the laboratory.They may not, therefore, correspond to the most abundant natural material. For example, inthe case of hydrogen, the deuterium abundance quoted corresponds to that in fresh water intemperate climates rather than to ocean water. The uncertainties listed in parenthesis cover therange of probable variations of the materials as well as experimental errors. The number ofsignificant figures is chosen to be consistent with the uncertainties, which in turn are derivedby applying the statistical guidelines SIAM uses for assigning uncertainties to publishedisotope abundance measurements. An Atomic Weight calculated from these abundances willbe consistent with &(E) values listed in the Table of Standard Atomic Weights 1997.Warning1) Values in column 9 should be used to determine the average properties of material of unspecifiednatural terrestrial origin, though no actual sample having the exact composition listed may be available.2 ) When precise work is to be undertaken, such as assessment of individual properties, samples with moreprecisely known isotopic abundances (such as those listed in column 8) should be obtained or suitablemeasurements should be made.0 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry 70,217-235
221Isotopic composition of the elements 1997TABLE 1. Isotopic compositions of the elements as determined by mass spectrometryAtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMassVariationsNumber (Atom %)34BestMeasurementfrom a SingleAnnot- Terrestrial Source Referenceations(Atom %)(APP.A)567AvailableReferenceMaterialsa(APP. B)8RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom a)91H1299.9816 - 99.9975 m,r0.0184 - 0.002599.984426 ( 5 ) 2s C 70HAGl0.015574 (5)VSMOW*CEAIAEANIST99.9885 (70)0.01 15 (70)(in water)2He344.6 10 -0.0041g,r100-99.99590.0001343(13) 1s C 88SANl99.9998657 (13)Air*0.000137 (3)99.999863 (3)(in air)3Li677.589 (24) 2s C92.41 1 B101118.927 -20.3378 1.073- 79.663m,r6C121398.85 - 99.021.15 - A1277.21 -7.7192.79 - 92.29m,r10097QI163LEI110019.82(2) 2sC80.18 (2)69BIE1IRMM-OIl*NIST19.9(7)80.1 (7)r98.8922 (28) P C1.1078 (28)90CHAlNBS19*IAEANIST98.93 (8)1.07 (8)99.890-99.6520.41 1 - 0.348r99.6337(4) P C0.3663 (4)58JUN1Air*IAEANIST99.632 (7)0.368 (7)99.7384-99.77560.0399 - 0.03670.2217 - 0.1877r99.7628 ( 5 ) 1s N0.0372 (4)0.20004 (5)76BAE188LI1VSMOW*IAEANIST99.757 (16)0.038 (1)0.205 (14)10090.514 -88.471.71 - 0.2669.96 - 9.20g,mrQ 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry 70,217-23590.4838(90) 1sC0.2696 ( 5 )9.2465 (90)10078.992 (25) 2s C10.003 (9)11.005 (19)10020AST184BOT156WHI166CAT156WHI1100Air*90.48 (3)0.27 (1)9.25 (3)(in air)100NIST-SRM980* 78.99 (4)10.00 (1)11.01 (3)100
222COMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCESAtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMass VariationsNumber (Atom %)4392.21 - 92.254.69 - 4.673.10- 3.08BestMeasurementfrom a SingleAnnot- Terrestrial Source Referenceations(Atom %)(APP. A)67592.22968 (44) 2s C 97GON14.68316 (32)3.08716 (48)AvailableReferenceMaterialsa(APP. B)8RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom %)9IAEAIRMMNIST92.2297 (7)4.6832 (5)3.0872 (5)14Si28293015P3116S3233343694.537 -95.2610.787 - 0.7314.655 - 3.9930.021 -0.015r95.018 (4) P C0.750 (7)4.215 (4)0.017 (2)5OMAC1CEAIAEANIST17c1353775.64-75.8624.36 - 24.14m75.771 (45) 2s C24.229 (45)62SHI1NIST-SRM975* 75.78 (4)24.22 (4)18Ar3638400.3365 (6) P C0.0632 (1)99.6003 (6)5ONIElAir*19K39404193.25811 (292) 2s C 75GAR10.011672 (41)6.73022 (292)NIST-SRM985* 93.2581 (44)0.01 17 (1)6.7302 (44)20Ca40424344464896.941 (6) 2s N0.647 (3)0.135 (2)2.086 (4)0.004 (1)0.187 (1)NIST-SRM915* 96.941 (156)0.647 (23)0.135 (10)2.086 (110)0.004 (3)0.187 9820.6560.1462.1300.00460.200- 96.880 g,r- 0.640- 0.131- 2.057- 0.0031- 0.17963LEI 11300.2502- 0.2487 g99.7513 - 99.749872M00110094.93 (31)0.76 (2)4.29 (28)0.02 (1)0.3365 (30)0.0632 (5)99.6003 (30)(in air)SOLEL11008.249 (21) 2s C7.437 (14)73.720 (22)5.409 (10)5.185 (13)93SHI18.25 (3)7.44 (2)73.72 (3)5.41 (2)5.18 (2)0.2497 (6) 1s F99.7503 (6)66FLE10.250 (4)99.750 (4)4.3452 (85) 2s C83.7895 (117)9.5006 (110)2.3647 (48)66SHI1NIST-SRM979*4.345 (13)83.789 (18)9.501 (17)2.365 (7)0 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chernistry70.217-235
223Isotopic composition of the elements 1997AtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMass VariationsNumber (Atom 7778808235Br798136KrBestMeasurementfrom a SingleAnnot- Terrestrial Source Referenceations(Atom %)(App. A)6751005.845(23) 2s C9 1.754(24)2.1191(65)0.2819(27)10069.24 - 68.9831.02 - 30.76rm7880828384860 1998 IUPAC, Pure andApplied Chemistry70.217-23592TAY169.174 (20) 2s C30.826 (20)64SHI148.63 (20) 2s F27.90 (9)4.10 (4)18.75 (17)0.62 (1)72ROS160.1079 (62) 2s C86MAC1RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom %)9100IRMM-014*63LEI189GRAI100r63LEI168.0769 (59) 2s C26.223 1 (5 1)1.1399 (4)3.6345 (1 1)0.9256 (6)21.234 (31) 1s L27.662 (29)7.717 (5)35.943 (25)7.444 (14)AvailableReferenceMaterialsa(App. E i85.845 (35)91.754 (36)2.119 (10)0.282 (4)10068.0769 (89)26.2231 (77)1.1399 (6)3.6345 (17)0.9256 (9)NIST-SRM976* 69.17 (3)30.83 (3)48.63 (60)27.90 (27)4.10 (13)18.75 (51)0.62 (3)NIST-SRM994* 60.108 (9)39.892 (9)86GRE163LEI 120.84 (87)k27.54 (34)7.73 ( 5 )36.28 (73)7.61 (38)1000.889(3) 1 s N9.366 (18)7.635 (10)23.772 (20)49.607 (17)8.731 (10)89WAC10.89 (4)9.37 (29)7.63 (16)23.77 (28)49.61 (41)8.73 (22)50.686 (26) 2s C49.314 (26)64CAT1 NIST-SRM977*50.69 (7)49.31 (7)0.35351 (7) 2s N2.28086(29)11.58304 (76)11.49533 (35)56.98890 (62)17.29835(26)94VAL10.35 (1)2.28 (6)11.58 (14)11.49 (6)57.00 (4)17.30 (22)(in air)
224COMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCESAtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMassVariationsNumber (Atom 346Pd102Agg,rAvailableReferenceMaterialsa(APP. B)8RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom %)972.1654 (132) 2s C 69CAT127.8346 (132)NIST-SRM9840.5574 (16) 2s C9.8566 (34)7.0015 (26)82.5845 (66)NIST-SRM 987* 0.56 (1)NIST9.86 (1)7.00 (1)82.58 ( 1 )10082M00157COL151.452 (9) 2s N11.223 (12)17.146 (7)17.380(12)2.799 ( 5 )83NOM156WHI110014.8362 (148) 2s N 74M0019.2466 (92)15.9201(159)16.6756(167)9.5551 (96)24.1329 (241)9.6335 (96)72.17 (2)27.83 (2)1005 1.45 (40)11.22 (5)17.15 (8)17.38 (28)2.80 (9)10014.84 (35)9.25 (12)15.92 (13)16.68 (2)9.55 (8)24.13 (31)9.63 (23)5.5420 (1) 1s N1.8688 (2)12.7579(6)12.5985 (4)17.0600(10)31.5519 020 (8) 2s C11.14 (5)22.33 ( 5 )27.33 (2)26.46 (6)11.72 (6)10710951.8392 (51) 2s C48.1608 (51)82POW1104470.58 - 0.559.99 - 9.757.14 - 6.9482.75 - 82.29BestMeasurementfrom a SingleAnnot- Terrestrial Source Referenceations(Atom %)(APP.A)5675.54 (14)1.87 (3)12.76 (14)12.60 (7)17.06(2)31.55 (14)18.62 (27)1001.02 (1)11.14 (8)22.33 (8)27.33 (3)26.46 (9)11.72 (9)NIST-SRM978* 51.839 (8)48.161 (8)0 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry70.217-235
Isotopic composition of the elements 1997AtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMassVariationsNumber (Atom %)34BestMeasurementfrom a SingleAnnot- Terrestrial Source Referenceations(Atom 8RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom %)948Cd1061081101111121131141161.25 (2) 2s F0.89 (1)12.49 (6)12.80 (4)24.13 (7)12.22 (4)28.73 (14)7.49 (6)80ROS11.25 (6)0.89 (3)12.49 (1 8)12.80 (12)24.13 (21)12.22 (12)28.73 (42)7.49 (18)49In1131154.288 (5) 2s N95.712 (5)91CHA14.29 ( 5 )95.71 (5)50Sn1121141151161171181191201221240.973 (3) 1s C0.659 (3)0.339 (3)14.536 (31)7.676 (22)24.223 (30)8.585 (13)32.593 (20)4.629 (9)5.789 (17)83DEV184ROS10.97 (1)0.66 (1)0.34 (1)14.54(9)7.68 (7)24.22 (9)8.59 (4)32.58 (9)4.63 (3)5.79 (5)51Sb12112357.213 (32) 2s C42.787 (32)93CHA157.21 (5)42.79 (5)52Te1201221231241251261281300.096(1) 2seN2.603 (1)0.908 (1)4.816 (2)7.139 (2)18.952 (4)3 1.687 (4)33.799 (3)78SMI10.09 ( l f2.55 (12)0.89 (3)4.74 (14)7.07 (15)18.84 (25)31.74 (8)34.08 (62)53I12754Xe12412612812913013113213413655Cs1330 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry70,217-2351000.08913(3) 2s N0.08880 (2)1.91732 (12)26.43964 (17)4.08271 (15)21.17961 (19)26.89157 (11)10.44232 (17)8.86890 (14)10049LEL194VAL156WHI11000.09 ( 1 )0.09 (1)1.92 (3)26.44 (24)4.08 (2)21.18 (3)26.89 (6)10.44 (10)8.87 (16)100
226COMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCESAtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMassVariationsNumber (Atom %)34BestMeasurementfrom a SingleAnnot- Terrestrial Source Referenceations(APP.A)(Atom %)675AvailableReferenceMaterialsa(APP. B)8RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom %)956Ba130132134135136137138g0.1058 (2) 3se F0.1012 (2)2.417 (3)6.592 (2)7.853 (4)11.232(4)7 1.699 (7)69EUG10.106 (1)0.101 (1)2.417 (18)6.592 (12)7.854 (24)11.232(24)71.698 (42)57La138139g0.09017 (5) 2se N99.90983 (5)87MAK10.090 (1)99.910 (1)58Ce136138140142g0.186(1) 2sC0.251 (1)88.449 (34)11.114 (34)95CHA10.185 (2)0.251 ( 2 p88.450 (51)11.114 148149150152154g3.0734 (9) 2s F14.9934 (18)11.2406 (15)13.8189(18)7.3796 (14)26.7421 (66)22.7520 (68)97CHA13.07 (7)14.99 (18)11.24 (10)13.82 (7)7.38 (1)26.75 (16)22.75 (29)63Eu151153g47.810 (42) 2se C52.190 (42)94CHA147.81 (3)52.19 (3)64Gd152154155156157158160g0.2029 (4) 2se N2.1809 (4)14.7998 (17)20.4664 (6)15.6518(9)24.8347 (16)21.8635 (7)7OEUG10.20 (1)2.18 (3)14.80 (12)20.47 (9)15.65 (2)24.84 (7)21.86 (19)65Tb1590.186 -0.1850.254 - 0 25 188.449 - 88.44611.114- 11.11410027.30 - 26.8012.32 - 12.1223.97 - 23.7958.35 - 8.2317.35 - 17.065.78 - 5.665.69 - 5.53g57COL127.16 (4) 2se N12.18 (2)23.83 (4)’8.30 (2)17.17 (3)5.74 (1)5.62 (1)81HOL110027.2 ( 5 )12.2 (2) h23.8 (3)8.3 (1)17.2 (3)5.7 (1)5.6 (2)10057COL11000 1998 IUPAC, Pure andApplied Chernistry70.217-235
227lsotopic composition of the elements 1997AtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMass VariationsNumber (Atom %)34BestMeasurementfrom a SingleAnnot- Terrestrial Source Referenceations(Atom %)(APP. A)67581HOL1AvailableReferenceMaterialsa(APP. B)8RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom %)90.06 (1)0.10 (1)2.34 (8)18.91 (24)25.51 (26)24.90 (16)28.18 6716817069Tm16970Yb1681701711721731741760.127 (2) 2se N3.04 (2)14.28 (8)21.83 (10)16.13 (7)31.83 (14)12.76 (5)81HOL10.13 (1)3.04 (15)14.28 (57)21.83 (67)16.13 (27)31.83 (92)12.76 (41)71Lu17517697.416 (5)2se N2.584 (5)83PAT197.41 (2)2.59 (2)72Hf1741761771781791800.1620 (9) 2se N5.2604 (56)18.5953 (12)27.2811 (22)13.6210 (9)35.0802 (26)83PAT10.16 (1)5.26 (7)18.60 (9)27.28 (7)13.62 (2)35.08 (16)73Ta1801310.0123 (3) Ise N99.9877 (3)56WHI10.012 (2)99.988 (2)74W1801821831841860.1198 (2) 1s N26.4985 (49)14.3136 (6)30.6422 (13)28.4259 (62)91VOL20.12 (1)26.50 (16)14.31 (4)30.64 (2)28.43 (:9j15Re18518737.398 (16) 2s C62.602 (16)73GRA10.056 (1) 2se N0.096 (2)2.34 (2)18.91 (5)25.51 (7)24.90 (7)28.19 (8)1000.137 (1) 2se N1.609 (5)33.61 (7)22.93 (5)26.79 (7)14.93 (5)1000.1621 - 0.16195.271 - 5.20618.606 - 18.59327.297 - 27.27813.630 - 13.61935.100 - 35.0760 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry70,217-23557COL181HOL157COL11000.14 (1)1.61 (3)33.61 (35)22.93 (17)26.78 (26)14.93 (27)iC3NIST-SRM989* 37.40 (2)62.60 (2)
228COMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCESAtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMass VariationsNumber (Atom %)34BestMeasurementAvailablefrom a SingleReferenceAnnot- Terrestrial Source Reference Materialsaations(APP. B)(Atom %)(APP. A)6785RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom %)9760s1841861871881891901920.0197 (5) 1s N1.5859 (44)1.9644 (12)13.2434 (19)16.1466 (16)26.2584 (14)40.7815 (22)91VOL10.02 (1)1.59 (3)1.96 (2)13.24 (8)16.15 (5)26.26 (2)40.78 (19)77Ir19119337.272 (15) 1s N62.728 (15)93WAL137.3 (2)62.7 (2)78Pt1901921941951961980.013634 (68) 1s N 96TAY10.782659 (35)32.96700 (77)33.831557 (42)25.24166 (36)7.16349 (42)79Au19780Hg19619819920020 12022040.15344(19) 1s N9.968 (13)16.873 (17)23.096 (26)13.181 (13)29.863 (33)6.865 (7)89ZAD181TI20320529.524 (9) 2s C70.476 (9)8ODUNlNIST-SRM997* 29.524 (14)70.476 (14)82Pb2042062072081.4245 (12) 2s C24.1447 (57)22.0827 (27)52.3481 8Ra89Ac1001.65 - 1.0427.48 - 20.8423.65 - 17.6256.21 - 51.28g,r1000.014 (1)0.782 (7)32.967 (99)33.832 (10)25.242 (41)7.163 (55)63LEI163LEI 11000.15 (1)9.97 (20)16.87 (22)23.10 (19)13.18 (9)29.86 (26)6.87 (15)1.4 (1)24.1 (1)22.1 (1)h52.4 (1)1000 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chernistry70,217-235
229Isotopic composition of the elements 1997AtomicNumber Symbol12Range ofNaturalMass VariationsNumber (Atom %)3490Th23291Pa23192U234235238BestMeasurementfrom a SingleAnnot- Terrestrial Source Referenceations(Atom %)(App. A)567g0.0059 - 0.0050 g,m0.7202-0.7198 r99.2752 - 99.2739AvailableReferenceMaterialsa(App. B)8RepresentaiveIsotopicComposition(Atom %)910036DEM 110010077BR011000.00548 (2) 1s N 69SMI10.7200 (1)76COW199.2745 9.2745(106)]*Referencematerial used for the best measurement.a NIST materials were previously labelled NBS. IRMM materials were previously labelled CBNM.The range of 'H in tank hydrogen is 0.0032 to 0.0184 atom percent.Materials depleted in 6Li and z3sUare commercial sources of laboratory shelf reagents. In the case of Li such samples areknown to have 6Li abundances in the range 2.007-7.672 atom percent, with natural materials at the higher end of this range.The Commission recommends that the value of 272 be employed for l4N/"N of Nz in air for the calculation of atom percent'N from measured 8" N values.ratio on VSMOW; " 0 abundance was derived from 88LI1.The reference reported a calibrated 160/1s0Due to '"In contamination and an error in the 'I4Sn abundance the "'Sn and Il4Sn abundances reported by 83DEV1 wereadjusted using data from 84ROS 1.Not used since g is used in column 5.Evaluated isotopic composition is for most but not all commercial samples.The 234Uabundance is from 69SMI1, "'U and "'U are from 76COW 1.An electron multiplier was used for these measurements and the measured abundances were adjusted the using a square rootof the masses.0 1998 IUPAC, Pure andApplied Chernistry70.217-235
230COMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCESAPPENDIX A: REFERENCES FOR TABLE 120AST 1F. W. Aston, Phil. Mag. 40,628-634 (1920).The Mass Spectra of Chemical Elements.36DEM 1 A. J. Dempster, Nature 136, 120 (1936).Atomic Masses of Uranium and Thorium.49LEL 1W. T. Leland, Phys. Rev. 76, 992 (1949).On the Abundance of 1291, 118Te and 19oPt.SOLEL1W. T. Leland, Phys. Rev. 77, 634-640 (1950).The Isotopic Composition of Scandium, Gadolinium, and Dysprosium.5OMAC 1 J. MacNamara, and H. G. Thode, Phys. Rev. 78,307-308 (1950).Comparison of the Isotopic Constitution of Terrestrial and Meteoritic Sulphur.5ONIE1A. 0.Nier, Phys. Rev. 77, 789-793 (1950).A Redetermination of the Relative Abundances of the Isotopes of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen,Argon and Potassium.56WHI1F. A. White, T. L. Collins, Jr., and F. M. Rourke, Phys. Rev. 101, 1786-1791 (1956).Search for Possible Naturally Occurring Isotopes of Low Abundance.57COL1T. L. Collins, Jr., F. M. Rourke, and F. A. White, Phys. Rev. 105, 196-197 (1957).Mass Spectrometric Investigation of the Rare Earth Elements for the Existence of New StableIsotopes.58JUN1G. Junk, and H. J. Svec, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 14,234-243 (1958).The Absolute Abundance of the Nitrogen Isotopes in the Atmosphere and Compressed Gasfrom Various Sources.62SHI1W.R.Shields, T.J.Murphy, E.L.Garner, and V.H.Dibeler, J.Am. Chem. Soc. 84, 1519-1522(1962).Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios and the Atomic Weight of Chlorine.63LEI1F. D. Leipziger, Appl. Spec. 17, 158-160 (1963).Some New Upper Limits of Isotopic Abundance by Mass Spectrometry.64CAT 1E. J. Catanzaro, T. J. Murphy, E. L. Garner, and W. R. Shields, J. Res. Nut. Bur., Stand.(U,S.),68A, 593-599 (1964).Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratio and the Atomic Weight of Bromine.64SHI 1W.R. Shields, T.J. Murphy, and E.L. Garner, J.Res. Nut. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 68A, 589-592(1964).Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios and the Atomic Weight of a Reference Sample ofCopper.66CAT1E. J. Catanzaro, T. J. Murphy, E. L. Garner, and W. R. Shields, J. Res. Nut. Bur. Stand.(US.),70A, 453-458 (1966).Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios and the Atomic Weight of Magnesium.0 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry70,217-235
Isotopic composition of the elements 199723 166FLE 1G. D. Flesch,J. Capellen, and H. J. Svec, Adv. Mass Spectrom. ZZZ, 571-581, (1966), Leidenand Son, London.The Abundance of the Vanadium Isotopes from Sources of Geochemical Interest.66SHI 1W. R. Shields, T. J. Murphy, E. J. Catanzaro, and E. L. Gamer, J. Res. Nut. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),70A, 193-197 (1966).Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios and the Atomic Weight of a Reference Sample ofChromium.68CAT 1E. J. Catanzaro, T. J. Murphy, W. R. Shields, andE. L. Gamer, J. Res. Nut. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),72A, 261-266 (1968).Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios of Common, Equal-Atom, and Radiogenic Lead IsotopicStandards.69BIE 1P. J. De Bievre, and G. H. Debus, Znt. J. Mass Spectrom. Zon Phys. 2, 15-23 (1969).’Absolute Isotope Ratio Determination of a Natural Boron Standard.69CAT 1E. J. Catanzaro, T. J. Murphy, E. L. Garner, and W. R. Shields, J. Res. Nut. Bur. Stand.(U.S.),73A, 5 11-5 16(1969).Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios and the Atomic Weight of Terrestrial Rubidium.69EUG 10. Eugster, F. Tera, and G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geophys. Res. 74, 3897-3908 (1969).Isotopic Analyses of Barium in Meteorites and in Terrestrial Samples.69SMI1R. F. Smith, and J. M. Jackson, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Report KY-581 (1969).Variations in U-234 Concentration of Natural Uranium.70EUG10. Eugster, F. Tera, D. S . Burnett, and G. J. Wasserburg, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 2753-2768(1970).Isotopic Composition of Gadolinium and Neutron-capture Effects in Some Meteorites.70HAG 1 R. Hagemann, G. Nief, and E. Roth, Tellus 22,712-715 (1970).Absolute Isotopic Scale for Deuterium Analysis of Natural Waters, Absolute D/H Ratio forSMOW.72M001 L. J. Moore, and L. A. Machlan, Anal. Chem. 44,2291-2296 (1972).High Accuracy Determination of Calcium in Blood Serum by Isotope Dilution MassSpectrometry.72ROS 1K. J. R. Kosman, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 36, 801-819 (1972).A Survey of the Isotopic and Elemental Abundance of Zinc.73GRA1 J. W. Gramlich, T. J. Murphy, E. L. Gamer, and W. R. Shields, J. Res. Nut. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),77A, 691-698 (1973).Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratio and Atomic Weight of a Reference Sample of Rhenium.74M00 IL. J. Moore, L. A. Machlan, W. R. Shields, andE. L. Garner, Anal. Chem. 46, 1082-1089(1974).Internal Normalization Techniques for High Accuracy Isotope Dilution Analyses : Applicationto Molybdenum and Nickel in Standard Reference Materials.75GAR1E. L. Garner, T. J. Murphy, J. W. Gramlich, P. J. Paulsen, and I. L. Barnes, J. Res. Nut. Bur.Stand.(U.S.),79A, 713-725 (1975).Absolute Abundance Ratios and the Atomic Weight of a Reference Sample of Potassium.0 1998 IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry70,217-235
23276BAE1COMMISSION ON ATOMIC WEIGHTS AND ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCESP. Baertschi, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 31, 341-344 (1976).Absolute 8O Content of Standard Mean Ocean Water.76COW 1 G. A. Cowan, and H. H. Adler, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 40, 1487-1490 (1976).The Variability of the Natural Abundance of U-235.76DEV 1C. Devillers, T. Lecomte, M. Lucas, and R. Hagemann, Proc. 7th Int. Mass Spectrom. Con Florence, 553-564 (1976).Mass Spectrometric Investigations on Ruthenium Isotopic Abundances.77BRO 1D. Brown, Gmelin Handbuch der Anorg. Chem., 8th ed., Syst.51, Erg.-Bd. 1, 6, Springer(1977).Occurrence of Protactinium Isotopes in Nature and Synthesis of Weighable Amounts inNuclear Reactions.78SHI1M. Shima, C. E. Rees, and H. G. Thode, Can. J. Phys., 56, 1333-1339 (1978).The Isotopic Composition and Atomic Weight of Palladium.78SMI1C.L. Smith, K.J.R. Rosman, and J.R.De Laeter, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 28,7-17(1978).The Isotopic Composition of Tellurium.80DUN 1L. P. Dunstan, J. W. Gramlich, I. L. Barnes, and W. C. Purdy, J. Res. Nut. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),85, 1-10 (1980).The Absolute Isotopic Abundance and the Atomic Weight of a Reference Sample ofThallium.80ROS1K.J.R. Rosman, I.L. Barnes, L.J. Moore, and J.W. Gramlich, Geochemical J., 14, 269-277(1980).Isotope Composition of Cd, Ca, and Mg in the Brownfield Chrondrite.81HOL1P. Holliger and C. Devillers, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 52, 76-84 (1981).Contribution a 1' etude de la temperature dans les reacteurs fossiles d Oklo par la mesure durapport isotopique du Lutetium.82M001 L.J.Moore, T.J.Murphy, I.L.Barnes, and P.J.Paulsen, J.Res. Nut. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),87,1-8(1982). Absolute Isotopic Abundance Ratios and Atomic Weight of a Reference Sample ofStrontium.82POW IL. J. Powell, T. J. Murphy, and J. W. Gramlich, J. Res. Nut. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 87, 9-19(1982).The Absolute Isotopic Abunda
Isotopic compositions of the elements 1997 (Technical Report) Abstract- The Commission’s Subcommittee for the Isotopic Composition of the Elements (SIAM) has carried out its biennial review of isotopic compositions, as determined by mass
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
compositions of Evans and Strayhorn appear in the compositions of Bill Murray. A series of musical characteristics that appear in select compositions of Evans and Strayhorn will be developed. Only the lead sheets of the compositions will be analyzed. The compositions analyzed
There are three levels of classification: "TOP SECRET", "SECRET", and "CONFIDENTIAL." Information is classified only to protect the national security. To have access to classified information, a person must have a security clearance at an appropriate level and a need-to-know. 2 National Security Information National security information is marked to alert recipients about its .
