Cell Structure - Mr. Dones' Website
CellStructure
Plants, Animals, Fungi and Protists haveEukaryotic Cell(s)Plant Cellstraight edgesAnimal Cellcurved edges
Cell Organizationcytoplasmcell membraneEukaryotic cellshave 3 major parts:1. cell membrane2. cytoplasm3. nucleusnucleus
Organelles –membrane-boundstructures in the cytoplasm cytoplasmcytoplasm is gel-like andincludes all of theorganelles in addition tomany substances
NucleusnucleusUsually largest organelle that isa round structure near center ofcell containing genetic material(DNA/chromosomes)
The nucleus has many parts.
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Envelopetwo membranessurround thenucleus holdingit togetherouter membraneinner membrane
Nuclear Pores
Nuclear PoresNuclear pores help control whatenters and leaves, they allowRNAtoget outnuclear pores
Nucleolus
NucleolusDense, circularregion inside ofthe nucleusnucleolusthe nucleolus assembles ribosomes
Chromatin
Chromatinthe fluid of thenucleus containschromatinchromatinChromatin (relaxed chromosomes)is made of DNA and proteins
RibosomesBlue proteinsOrange rRNARNA particles in the cytoplasm in 3-Dstructures with proteins thataminoacids intoassembleproteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)ERER – network of tubes in cytoplasmwhere proteins are made
Endoplasmic ReticulumRough ER –endoplasmicreticulum withribosomesattached whereproteins aremade andtransportedthrough thetubes of theER, eventuallyout of the cell
Ribosomesnot attachedto the ER arefree and“ ”produceproteins thatstay withinthe cell
Endoplasmic ReticulumThe surface ofsmooth ER iswhere the cellmakes itslipids anddetoxifiesdrugs (liver).ER without any ribosomes iscalled smooth ER
Vesicles are transporting sacs both toand from the Golgi Apparatus. Noticethe vesicles being made at the ends ofthe golgi.
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi ApparatusThe Golgi apparatus is a stack of membranesacs, often shaped like a stack of pancakes,that receives, processes and packagesproteinsIt makesvesicles whichare, therefore,often nearbyGolgiapparatusvesicles
The Golgi apparatus has 3 functions:proteins in vesicles from the ER1. To receive2. To process (modify) the proteins into a usableformvesicles (for use3. To package the proteins intoin or out of the cell)
Lysosomes
LysosomeslysosomeLysosomes arevesicles/sacscontaining enzymesfor digestingunwanted substances.They act like thecell’s garbagedisposal.
Lysosomes clean up cellsTheir enzymes digest:1. worn out cell parts2. large food particles3. invading bacteriaenzymes
VacuolesVacuoles are usedto store water,salts, wastes, orfood, like arefrigeratorPlant vacuoleMany plant cellshave one largevacuole
smallAnimal cells have severalvacuoles.
Some protists, like this paramecium,use vacuoles to control the amountof liquid in the cell and forpropulsion.
Mitochondria
MitochondriamitochondriaMitochondriaare beanshapedorganelles
Mitochondria - the “Powerhouse” of the CellMitochondria release the energy infood particles (glucose) for use by theATPcell as usable chemical energy ( )
Plant Cell Structurescell wallvacuolechloroplast
ChloroplastsThe chloroplastcaptures energyfrom sunlight andconverts it intochemical energyglucose( )chloroplaststhey are greenbecause theycontain thepigmentchlorophyll
Internal Structure of a ChloroplastThe chlorophyll in a chloroplast iswhere photosynthesis occurs.
Some protists, like euglena, containchloroplasts. This is a one-celledprotist is not a plant.However, it does have avacuole and chloroplasts
The Cytoskeleton(network of microtubules andmicrofilaments)microtubulecytoskeletonFunction: shape/supportand movement
The CytoskeletonSubstances Made from MicrotubulesCentrioles– nearnucleus –helporganizecell divisionSpindle fiber –forms during celldivision andseparateschromosomesCilia– many short, hairlike stuructures on outside ofsome cells used for movementFlagella – long, whip-like structures onoutside of some cells used formovement
Cell BoundariesCell Membranecell membraneThe cellmembrane isthe thin,flexible barriersurrounding allcells thatcontrols whatenters andleaves.
Cell membranes are complicatedstructures made of lipids, proteins andcarbohydrates
Membranes are Lipid Bilayers(they have 2 lipid layers that are flexibleand strong)phosphate endone lipid layerfatty acid endsa second lipid layerphosphate end
Cell membranes usually have water onboth sides of the membrane.extracellular sidecytoplasmic sideThis causes somephospholipids to pointto the outside of thecell and some to pointto the inside of thecell.
Membranes also contain ProteinsproteinSomeproteins formchannels,while othersform pumps
Present Model of a Cell MembraneFluid Mosaic Model2 lipid layerswith proteinsTogether, the lipids and proteins make up theFluid Mosaic Model for cell membranes.
The Fluid Mosaic Modelfluid means “capable of flowing”mosaic means “a pattern made from pieces”a
Cell WallStrong supportinglayer surroundingcell membrane ofsome cellsit is the plant’s,algae’s orfungi’s skeletonthe cell wall contains cellulose – very tough andwood and paper.a major component of
Plant Cell Animal Cell straight edges curved edges . Cell Organization cell membrane Eukaryotic cells have 3 major parts: 1. cell membrane 2. cytoplasm cytoplasm 3. nucleus nucleus . cytoplasm is gel-like and includes all of the . PowerPoint Presentation Author: Brad Dehoff
UNIT-V:CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: 9. Cell- The Unit of Life: Cell- Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life- overview of the cell. Prokaryotic and Eukoryotic cells, Ultra Structure of Plant cell (structure in detail and functions in brief), Cell membrane, Cell wall, Cell organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Plastids,
of the cell and eventually divides into two daughter cells is termed cell cycle. Cell cycle includes three processes cell division, DNA replication and cell growth in coordinated way. Duration of cell cycle can vary from organism to organism and also from cell type to cell type. (e.g., in Yeast cell cycle is of 90 minutes, in human 24 hrs.)
Many scientists contributed to the cell theory. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the . CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION CHART PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL . 1. Cell Wall . Quiz of the cell Know all organelles found in a prokaryotic cell
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Jan 21, 2020 · pertaining to the cell theory, structure and functions, cell types and modifications, cell cycle and transport mechanisms. This module has seven (7) lessons: Lesson 1- Cell Theory Lesson 2- Cell Structure and Functions Lesson 3- Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Lesson 4- Cell Types and Cell
The Cell Cycle The cell cycle is the series of events in the growth and division of a cell. In the prokaryotic cell cycle, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and divides by pinching in the cell membrane. The eukaryotic cell cycle has four stages (the first three of which are referred to as interphase): In the G 1 phase, the cell grows.
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