PrecisiON GriNDiNG WHeeLs 2011 Catalogue
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxX1PrecisiON GRINDING WHEELS2011 Catalogueenglisha126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 112.08.11 16:22
Table of ContentsWinterthur Technology Group5Company History and PortraitWinterthur Schleiftechnik AGInnovative grinding technology of world renown5Quality First6International Standard Dimensions26Internet Stock List7Marking of Winterthur Grinding Wheels27Winterthur Homepage728Alteration of Stock Wheels7Optimimazation of Grinding Process Parameters8Grinding Wheel Safety InformationUnited KingdomEurope in generalUnited States of AmericaOptima Software829Winterthur Quality Assurance ISO 90019Initial Operation of a Grinding WheelThe Ring TestMounting of Grinding WheelsWinterthur‘s Environmental Policy ISO 140019SegmentsTechnical grinding information2526The «DOs» and «DON‘Ts» of Grinding Wheel usage30Available Catalogues10Balancing30Induced Porosity Wheels11Who is Responsible for What?Grinding Wheel ManufacturerMachine BuilderUser3131Winterthur Specialities12Induced Porosity or Open Structure Wheels1293A and 93S Micro-crystalline12Maximum Peripheral SpeedsStandard or Normal Operating SpeedsPerformance Properties13What is a Totally Enclosed Working Area?32Storage of Grinding Wheels32Conventional Abrasives14NanowinTM Grinding Wheels 93N14Winterthur Qualities15Key to Winterthur‘s Wheel Specifications16Grain sizesHardnessStructureBondingResin Bond (Symbol B)Vitrified Bond (Symbol V)Resinoid Bond reinforced (Symbol BF)Standard Wheel Shapesdressing with diamonddressing tools333317Basic GuidelinesNotesTerminology18Dressing with Fixed Dressing ToolsEffective width bd33Dressing with Single Point Diamonds34Dressing with Diamonds Blade ToolsGuidelines34Dressing with MCD Dressing Blades(Ceramic Abrasives and Vitrified CBN)3519Standard Wheel Shapes 1, 5, 7,19Wheel Faces for Types 1, 5 and 719Standard Wheel Shapes 6, 11, 12, 3, 4, 220Standard Wheel Shapes 20 to 2621Difference between Synchronous andAsynchronous Dressing36Standard Grinding Wheels for Special ApplicationsGear grinding (Maag gear grinders)Gear grinding (continuous generating process)Thread grinding (Reishauer and other machines)Profile grinding (Studer PSM and other machines)Mounted Wheels22Dressing with Rotary Diamond Dressing Tools37Number of Roll-Out RevolutionsForm Dressing RollsPCD Form Dressing Roll38a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 2dressing with Rotary diamonddressing tools3612.08.11 16:22
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxrecommended specifications 41External Cylindrical Grinding42XFlaring Cup Grinding Wheels55Tool Grinding with Wheel Types 1,5,756Tool Grinding with Wheel Types 2,3,4,6,11,1256Saw Sharpening with Straight Grinding Wheels57With Straight Grinding Wheels57Straight Grinding Wheels42Straight Grinding Wheels recessed on both sides42Straight Grinding Wheels recessed on one side42Roughing with Straight Grinding Wheels Types 1, 5, 743Finishing and High Precision Grinding44Angle Plunge Grinding45Camshaft Grinding45Straight Grinding Wheels recessed on one side (Type 5) 58Crankshaft Grinding45Straight Grinding Wheels recessed on one side (Type 7) 59Grinding of Ball Bearings46Grinding Cylinders59Straight Cup Wheels59Grinding SegmentsType 3019Type 3101Type 3104Type 3019Type 3108Type 3105Type Sp.l.Type 3104/Sp.l.Type 310260internal cylindrical grinding47Straight Grinding Wheels47Straight Grinding Wheels recessed on one side47With Straight Grinding Wheels48Internal Cylindrical Grinding49centerless grinding50Profile Grinding, SurfaceGrindingStraight Grinding Wheels5858Straight Grinding Wheels50Straight Grinding Wheels recessed on one side50With Type 2 Grinding Cylinders, Type 6 Straight Cup Wheelsand Grinding Segments Types 3101 to 310963Control Wheels (Type 1)50Profile Grinding with Straight Grinding Wheels64Control Wheels (Type 5)50Profile Surface Grinding with Straight Wheels65Straight Grinding Wheels recessed on both sides51Control Wheel Specifications51Sideway Grinding66Control Wheels51Twin Wheel Surface Grinding66Through-feed grinding with wheel types 1, 5, and 752Plunge grinding with wheel types 1, 5, and 753Bench, Floorstand,Swing Frame Machine67Tool Grinding54Straight Grinding Wheels54Straight Grinding Wheels recessed on one side54Saw Sharpening54Grinding Wheels tapered on one side54Grinding Wheels tapered on both sides55Straight Cup Grinding Wheels55Dish Grinding Wheels55a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 3Straight Grinding Wheels67Grinding on Bench and Floor Stand Grinders68Floorstand and Swing Frame Grinders68Thread And worm Grinding69Single-Rib Thread Grinding69Traverse Grinding with Multi-Rib Wheels69Plunge Grinding with Multi-Rib Wheels69Single-Rib Thread Grinding7012.08.11 16:22
4Multi-Rib WheelsTraverse Grinding OperationPlunge Grinding Operation71Reishauer RGB Tap Grinding73Reishauer GBA (SMS) Tap Grinding74Junker Tapomat Tap Grinding74Worms, Ballscrews and LeadscrewsFinish GrindingBall screwsTrapezoidal lead screws75Worm Grinding with Reishauer, Mikromat, Klingelnbergand Samputensili M/CFinishing GrindingGrinding from SolidGear GrindingDouble flank grinding92Form grinding method92Oerlikon Geartec Maag Opal 500, 800, 120093Hoefler, Niles, Pfauter Kapp, Reform, Samputensili94Gear Grinding with Dish Grinding Wheels MAAG Machines 9596777979Wheel Dimensions for Reishauer Gear Grinders80Wheel Designation80Reishauer Gear Grinding with Conventional AbrasivesMachines with Wheel-Ø 350 mm (14”)Machines with Wheel-Ø 400 mm81Reishauer Gear Grinding with Ceramic AbrasivesCeramic Micro-Crystalline AbrasivesUniversal-Ceramic Wheels8283Reishauer Gear Grinding of Soft SteelCeramic Micro-Crystalline Abrasives84Reishauer RZPRZF Machine: Continuous Profile Plunge GrindingReishauer RZF Grinding WheelsRZF Honing RingsHoning Ring Drawing85Liebherr Gear Grinding88Gleason TAG 40089Gleason-Hurth 245 TWG89Csepel Machines90Spiral Bevel Gear Grinding with Klingelnbergand Gleason Grinding Machines91a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 492NotesGear Grinding with Grinding WormsReishauer Gear Grinding with Special AbrasiveNano Win Single flank grinding12.08.11 16:22
Winterthur Technology GroupXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxX5A short outlineThe Winterthur Technology Group (WTG), at the time ofwriting, is still listed on the Swiss stock exchange, consistsof four traditional manufacturers of abrasive tools. In April2011 the WTG was acquired by 3M.WTG is one of the three largest manufacturers of bondedabrasives in Europe with a total of 15 factories, some ofwhich are located outside of Europe: such as in the USAand in China, for example.All of the four members of the Group look back on manyyears of experience and know-how. These are, WinterthurSchleiftechnik, Wendt GmbH, SlipNaxos and Rappold. Together, to offer the comprehensive portfolio of grinding toolsand diamond dressing rolls in the market place, allowingcustomers to source all their grinding needs from one source.The full range of products is supported by an extensive service package which encompasses customer training courses,process analysis, grinding software and tool management,to name just a few.Winterthur Schleiftechnik AG, SwitzerlandFormed in 1906, Winterthur has a long tradition in makingvitrified precision grinding wheels. Given its close proximityto many of the world’s best grinding machines, Winterthurenjoy a close cooperation with machine tool OEMs, andhence, maintains its cutting edge technology along withany new developments in the field of grinding engineering.WENDT GmbH, Meerbusch, GermanyWENDT is leading manufacturer of superabrasives tools (CBNand Diamond) and also of CNC tool grinding machines forgrinding hard materials such as PCD, ceramics, glass andtungsten carbide. Making tools and machine tools embodiesthe core philosophy of “system approach”Rappold, Villach, AustriaRappold was formed in 1876 as has specialized itself inmaking large diameter cut-off wheels for the steel industry.Furthermore, today it hosts the Group’s largest manufacturingunit for vitrified precision grinding wheels.SlipNaxos, Västervik, SwedenSlipNaxos was formed in 1920 and has specialized in makinghot-pressed grinding wheels for the steel industry for thegrinding of slabs and billets. Furthermore, the product rangeconsists of roll grinding and centerless grinding wheels for thesteel industry and large diameter precision grinding wheelsfor cam and crankshaft grinding.Winterthur, August 2011a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 512.08.11 16:22
6Winterthur Technology GroupQuality FirstTo manufacture grinding wheels to our high standard we useonly the finest raw materials, which are always subjected torigorous quality controls. To satisfy today’s and tomorrow’scustomer needs, we continually invest in modern machineryand equipment to keep the plant in line with the latestmanufacturing technology.NC-controlled presses ensure the exact duplication of thehomogenous wheel structure.Electronically controlled periodic kiln firing curves guarantee consistent quality.CNC-controlled machine tools are used for precise profiling and machining.Winterthur grinding wheels are checked for imbalance ina single operation on a computer controlled machine.a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 612.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXWinterthur Technology GroupInternet Stock List7Alteration of Stock WheelsRappold-Winterthur have a stock policy whichensures a high degree of grinding wheel availability. Wheels can be altered to the requireddimensions in a short period. Wheel blanks canbe given face profiles, recesses, larger bores,smaller diameters and reduced thickness.(See illustration on the right).RecessThe stock list is available in printed form or canbe consulted directly on our homepage or downloaded from it.BoreHTDDiameter DHWinterthur HomepagehTdtWiilesrofepFacOur homepage is a practical, customer oriented tool.It offers direct access to the following information:- Up-to-date stocklist- Adresses of all sister companies and agencies- Product catalogues- Trade show participation- Links to grinding machine tool manufacturers- Quality and environmental policies- News on products and serviceswww.winterthurtechnology.coma126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 712.08.11 16:22
8Winterthur Technology GroupOPTIMIMAZATION OFGRINDING PROCESS PARAMETERSOPTIMA SOFTWAREThe development of grinding wheels ran parallel to theadvances in grinding machine tool technology. Today, wehave sophisticated tools and machines at our disposal. Tocombine these elements and to optimize the grinding process,however, was left in the main to the user in the factory orworkshop. There are more factors than just the machine tooland the grinding wheel which influence the grinding process.In fact, the German Society of Engineers (VDI) distinguishesbetween over 100 factors. The illustration below of a chainof factors just shows the main influences.The computer based support can provide customers withprocess parameters for the following:To optimize a grinding process, the factors such as machinetool, workpiece requirements, grinding wheel, grinding fluidand diamond dressing tools have to be balanced withinthe total system. Manual process optimization can be timeconsuming and therefore costly. Supported by the OPTIMAsoftware, Winterthur engineers can offer specific solutionsas part of our customer service.- Cylindrical grinding (OD & ID)- Creep-feed grinding- Gear grinding (Reishauer. Liebherr, Höfler, Niles, etc.)- Centerless grinding- Diamond dressing with fixed and rotary dressers- Grinding fluid flow rates, nozzle design and tank capacity requirementsFor more information, please contact your Winterthur grindingengineer or representative.Grinding fluidGrinding WheelMaterialDiamondMachineetc.ClampingSetting Paramentersa126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 812.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXWinterthur Technology Group9Winterthur Quality Assurance ISO 9001Analysis of raw materialsWeighingMixing.on the integrated computer networkPressingIn-process control: Weight DimensionDrying, Firing.on test certificatesHardness TestingMachiningChecking for imbalanceSpeed testFinal checking.on in-process systemsDispatchWinterthur‘s environmental policyISO 14001Our resposibility towards Nature an our Customers:- non-toxic raw materials and production processes- non-toxic disposable final products- low energy consupmtion- recycling of materials and energy at planta126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 912.08.11 16:22
10Winterthur technology groupavaiLabLe caTaLOGuesUSAWinterthur Wendt USA, Inc.10 Viking RoadWebster, MA 01570Phone: 1 (508) 949 1061Fax: 1 (508) 949 2086info@winterthurusa.net8411 WinterthurPhone: 41 (0)52 234 41 41Fax: 41 (0)52 232 51 urtechnology.comHandbook CylindriCal grindingGTONUnited KingdomWinterthur Technology UK Limited2 Oakham DriveParkwood Industrial EstateSheffield S3 9QXPhone: 44 (0)114 275 4211Fax: 44 (0)114 275 4132info@winterthurtechnology.co.ukWinterthur Wendt USA, Inc.Dunnington Division546 Enterprise DriveRoyersford, PA 19468Phone: 1 (610) 495 2850Fax: 1 (610) 495 y.comYour Winterthur-Technology contact:HANDBOOKCREEP-FEED ANDSURFACE GRINDINGHANDBOOK CREEP-FEED AND SURFACE GRINDINGHandbook SwitzerlandWinterthur Schleiftechnik AGCylindriCal grindingOberer Deutweg 47/2010 Item No. 31615018.8.2008 10:11:17 Uhrchnology.comHANDBOOK GEAR GRINDING8411 WinterthurPhone: 41 (0)52 234 41 41Fax: 41 (0)52 232 51 01wst@winterthurtechnologie.comUnited KingdomWinterthur Technology UK Limited2 Oakham DriveParkwood Industrial EstateSheffield S3 9QXPhone: 44 (0)114 275 4211Fax: 44 (0)114 275 4132info@winterthurtechnology.co.ukWENDT USA DUNNINGTON546 Enterprise DriveRoyersford, PA 19468Phone: 1 (610) 495 2850Fax: 1 (610) 495 y.comYour Winterthur-Technology contact:HandbookCenterless grindingUSAWinterthur Corporation10 Viking RoadWebster, MA 01570Phone: 1 (508) 949 1061Fax: 1 (508) 949 2086info@winterthurusa.netHandbook Centerless grindingHANDBOOKSwitzerlandWinterthur Schleiftechnik AGGEAR GRINDINGOberer Deutweg 403/2009 Item No. 300809.00a104538 WST centerless UG e.indd 1a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 1008.08.11 08:5512.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXWinterthur Technology Group11Induced Porosity WheelsWinterthur Schleiftechnik has been one of the pioneers ofinduced porosity (open structure) wheels and, today, remainssecond to none in this field. Why use induced porosity wheelsin the first place? Ask most grinding engineers and they willgive you two reasons:The wheel illustrated below on the left features inducedporosity to spread out the abrasive grits over the contactarea, thus improving self-sharpening. Winterthur uses napthalene as its pore inducing agent which has the followingadvantages:- Open structure wheels provide chip clearance for highmaterial removal.- does not leave any chemical traces in a finished grindingwheel.- Open structure wheels transport more coolant into thearc of cut while decreasing friction.- does not expand while being removed(no stresses are introduced into wheel).These are good and valid reasons. Most importantly,however, open structure wheels optimise the self-sharpeningprocess.If self-sharpening does not take place, heat damage to theworkpiece will follow. In creep-feed grinding we have a verylarge area of contact Ak. If a standard structure were usedthe grinding pressure would be distributed over too manyabrasive grits in the given contact area Ak, and the pressureon the individual grit would be insufficent to make it fractureand thus self-sharpening could not take place.- mixes well with abrasive grit(low imbalance in finished product).- makes for interlinked porosity for superior grinding fluiddelivery (cool cutting).The following page shows some good examples of highlyhomogenous, induced porosity open structure wheels.In every Grinding Process, the Abrasive must Fracture to RemainSharp and Cool Cutting.Contact Area (Ak): Creep-feed vs. ReciprocatingInduced PorosityStandard StructureAKAKvcaea126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 11vcvwaevw12.08.11 16:22
Winterthur SpecialitiesInduced Porosity orOpen Structure Wheels93A and 93S Micro-crystallineThe remarkable increase in performance across the wholespectrum of grinding, compared to using conventional whiteor pink aluminium oxide wheels, is largely due to the uniquemicro-structure of the 93A and 93S grains.The sub-micron particles making up individual 93A and 93Sgrains are a result of a special sintering process. Grindingpressure induces micro-fracturing within the grain matrixand continually creates and exposes sharp cutting edges,avoiding the development of wear flats as observed withconventional aluminium oxide.53A120 L15VPMFmedium-fine induced porosity for cylindrical grinding57A46 H18VPHHGGvery high induced porosity with large pores for veryhigh material removal rates; mostly used for aerospaceturbine blade components.a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 12To fully exploit the inherent potential of the micro-fracturingand the self-sharpening properties, a specifically matchedbond system had to be developed.Electron microscpoe enlargement: 10,000 xwear flatself sharpeningconventional abrasiveceramic abrasive12.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXWinterthur Specialities13Performance Properties- High metal removal rates translate into shorter cycle times- Longer wheel life results in fewer wheel changes- Constant cutting performance at low grinding forces- Consistent quality due to excellent form holding- Cool cutting due to constant self-sharpening action- Less frequent dressing cyclesAbrasive grainPoreBond postsTotal break-outStandard Alu. OxideMacro fractureStandard Alu. OxideMicro fractureCeramic abrasiveBenefits:Consistent overall quality, shorter cycle times and lower grindingcosts per part.a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 1312.08.11 16:22
Conventional AbrasivesNanoWinTM Grinding Wheels 93NNanoWinTM grinding wheels have the surface of thegrain-bond-system modified with self-organisingnano-surface structures which prevent cold weldingof chips and also any loading with other debris. Asa consequence, the grinding wheel remains freecutting, requires less machine spindle power andachieves constant surface finishes without causingany thermal damage to the workpiece.Advantages at a single glance:- Burn-free grinding- High metal removal rates- Constant surface finishes- Smaller mechanical deformation of workpieces- Easily controllable process conditions- Cost savingsCost-effective Grinding with NanoWinTMNanoWinTMMaterial Removal Rate (Q-Prime)In comparison to standard aluminium oxide wheel,(Al2O3), NanoWinTM grinding wheels lead to highermaterial removal rates (Q-primes or Qw’) at lowerrisk of burning and at lower reject rates. Conclusion:the grinding process becomes more economical athigher quality levels. The higher material removalrates come particularly into their own the higherthe surface speed can be applied.Al2 O3304050607080Surface m/sa126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 1412.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXConventional Abrasives15Winterthur QualitiesIndexDescriptionARegular aluminium oxide3ASemi-pure aluminium oxide5ABlend of semi-pure and white aluminium oxide25ABlend of special monocrystalline and white aluminium oxide28ABlend of special monocrystalline and white aluminium oxide29ASpecial monocrystalline aluminium oxide31ABlend of regular, semi-pure and white aluminium oxide33ABlend of semi-pure and ruby aluminium oxide35ABlend of semi-pure and white aluminium oxide42AWhite aluminium oxide with white bond49AWhite aluminium oxide with light blue bond53AWhite aluminium oxide with brown bond54AWhite aluminium oxide with green bond55NSpecial abrasive (NanoWin)57APink aluminium oxide64ABlend of monocrystalline and pink aluminium oxide68ARuby aluminium oxide77ASpecial aluminium oxide79ACeramic aluminium oxide (30%)blended with ruby and monocrystalline aluminium oxide81ACeramic aluminium oxide (10%)85ACeramic aluminium oxide (20%)93ACeramic aluminium oxide (30%)93NSpecial abrasive (NanoWin)93SCeramic aluminium oxide (30%)32BCBN11CSilicon carbide (green)1DDiamond (vitrified bond)a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 1512.08.11 16:22
16Conventional AbrasivesKey to Winterthur‘s Wheel SpecificationsAbrasive Index/ Grit SizeTypeWheel GradeWheelstructureSpecial SymbolsBond rosityC12C1P porous structureV11C14D2L low porosityBW resin bold27Acoarsevery soft3M medium porosity28A16E4H high porosity29A24F5HH very high porosity31A36soft6G42AmediumG7GG very large pores49A46H8F53A54J9FF very fine pores57A60medium hard10 (puddled wheel)SR special very hard1893Avery fineR19resin bond240S20C280T11C320Example: 64A60H15VPA40031A50042A600AC800- vitrified bond 64A- medium grain size of 60- soft wheel grade H- wheel structure 15- vitrified bond type- induced porosity vitrified bondBFW resin bold /reinforced large pores fine poresZAresin bond/reinforcedCAa126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 1612.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXConventional Abrasives17Grain sizesThe assignment of numbers to specific grain size distributions has been determined on the basis of an internationallyapplicable standard. Extremely fine grains (micro-grains:approx. grain 240) are obtained by sedimentation. Finergrains are less brittle and harder to break out of a bond. Forthis reason, a wheel with fine grains appears harder than awheel within the identical range of wheel hardness but withcoarse grains.Grain 2.832.00very 0050.00412000.0040.003a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 17The surface roughness generated during the grinding actionis less dependent on the abrasive grain size selected thanon the actual dressing and grinding process. Coarse grindingwheels are more efficient, but produce a rougher surface.Grinding profiles or small radii considerably influence theselection of grain size. The manner in which the wheel ismounted and trued must be taken into considerationCutting performancecoarsemedium20-3646-80Edge retention/Surface qualityvery finefine90-220240-600cutting performanceEdge retention/ surface qualitycoarsemediumfinevery fineHardnessThe term „hardness of grinding wheels“ does not refer to theabrasive grain, but designates the resistance of the bond tograins being removed during the grinding process. In otherwords, grain particles break out of a soft wheel more readilythan out of a hard wheel. The letters A to Z characterise thedegree of hardness, with A referring to the softest and Z tothe hardest grade.Lettre symbolsHardness gradeA/B/C/D/extremely softE/Fvery softG/HsoftJ/K/LmediumM/N/O/PhardQ/R/S/Tvery hardU/V/W/X/Y/Zextremely hardWithin each grade of wheel hardness (for examplehardness F), a grinding wheel with fine grains andfine pores acts „harder“ during the grinding processthan one with large grains and large pores.12.08.11 16:22
18Conventional AbrasivesStructureThe total volume of the grinding wheel is made up of theabrasive grain, the bonding material and the pore volume.The pore volume characterises the structure and is of paramount importance for the grinding process. The pores formchip chambers and assist cooling during grinding. Everygrinding wheel has a natural porosity. Here at Winterthurthis is expressed in structure numbers ranging from 1 - 9.These are considered standard structures. The higher thestructure number, the more porous the grinding wheel.The natural porosity of a grinding wheel can be increasedartificially by the addition of a special pore generating agent,which produces additional pore space. This additional porosityis expressed in structure numbers 11 - 19, which are knownas porous or open structures. Grinding wheels with structurenumbers 10 (standard structure) and 20 (porous structure)are manufactured by a special puddling process.Closed structureNatural porosityArtificially increased porosityStandard StructurePorous structure1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20The higher the number, the more open the structureOpen structureAbrasivegrainsBond postsPoresBondingVitrified Bond (Symbol V)Abrasive grains are held together by the bond. The type ofbonding material and its percentage of the total volume ofthe grinding wheel determine the strength, hardness andcutting performance of the wheel. Winterthur manufacturesvitrified and resin bonded grinding wheels.The vitrified bond consists of clay, kaolin, feldspar and glasslike frits or recrystallised glasses. Vitrified bonded grindingwheels are fired at approx. 800 C to 1350 C. They are notsensitive to chemical effects and can be stored indefinitely.However, sudden changes in temperature, shocks or blowsshould be avoided.Resin Bond (Symbol B)Resinoid Bond reinforced (Symbol BF)The resinoid bond is made from phenolic resins and various fillers which help to determine the characteristics ofthe bond. Resinoid bonded grinding wheels are cured at atemperature of approx. 180 C. They are less sensitive tosudden temperature changes, shocks or blows than vitrified bonded wheels. Chemical damage and lengthy storageshould be avoided.Resinoid, fibre-reinforced snagging and cutting wheelsare provided with glass fibre mesh. These wheels are extrastrong.a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 1812.08.11 16:22
Standard Wheel ShapesXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx19Standard Wheel Shapes 1, 5, 7,Wheel Face ProfilesDType 1TDxTxHHDPType 5TFDxTxH1-PxFHType 7DPGTFDxTxH2 - P x F/GHWheel Faces for Types 1, 5 and 7FM90 N45 E60 DXV CU30 60 60 45 65 BR ½ T45 R 0.3TU60 UPU 3.2 mm unless otherwise ordered.a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 1912.08.11 16:22
20Standard Wheel ShapesStandard Wheel Shapes 6, 11, 12, 3, 4, 2DWType 6ETDxTxHWEHType 11DKWETDxTxHWEJKHJDKWETDxTxHWUEJKUType 12HJTDxTxHDUType 3UJHJTDxTxHUJDUType 4HJDType 2WTDxTWa126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 2012.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXStandard Wheel Shapes21Standard Wheel Shapes 20 to 26ATEDxTxHKNANType 20DKAType 22DKHPType KTEType 21NHADPNHTEDxTxH2 - P x F/GFType 24HPGNAA 2 mm standard widtha126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 2112.08.11 16:22
Standard Wheel ShapesADPN22FEDxTxH1-PxFKNATType 25A 2 mm standard widthHPNNATEDxTxH2 - P x F/GDPNAGFType 26NHKStandard Grinding Wheels for Special ApplicationsGear grinding (Maag gear grinders)DKType 12spUDxTxHWETWUEJKHJGear grinding (continuous generating process)Type 1D(without profile)Type 1spDxTxH(preprofiled)Mod., PA, number of startsHSpecify module (DP), pressure angle (PA) and number of startsa126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 2212.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXStandard Wheel Shapes23Type 1DxTxH(single rib wheel)TThread grinding (Reishauer and other machines)DHType 1EDHH70 T70 DxTxHUDType ESPU(single rib wheel 70 angle)60 T60 DxTxH(single rib wheel 60 angle)Profile grinding (Studer PSM and other machines)DxTxH(single rib wheel 60 angle)TType 1EDHHa126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 2370 T(single rib wheel 60 angle)70 DxTxHV J UUDType 39E12.08.11 16:22
24Standard Wheel ShapesMounted WheelsType 52/ZYSDDxTxSLLTType 52/KUDxSLSDLType 52/KEDxTxSLαDSTLType 52/TODxTxSLSDTa126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 24L12.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXStandard Wheel Shapes25SegmentsType 3101Type 3105BxCxLB/A x C x LRType 3102BxCxLRType 3108BxCxLRType 3104Type 3109B/A x C x LRB/A x C x LType 3104/SP.IIType SP.IBxCxLRB/A x C x LRa126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 2512.08.11 16:22
Technical grinding informationInternational Standard DimensionsDDiameter (mm)TThickness (mm)HHole (mm)30.51.6100.82.51314161.256201.69.53 3)25210322.513403.2165042063622.23 3)80825100103211513401251650.81502076.2180 2)2512720032203.240304.82252302)1)Bore tolerances:H7CBN & diamond wheels and for special applicationsH12 Bore diameters up to 50.8 mmH11 Bore diameters up to 76.2 mmH13 Rough grinding wheels2)For fibre reinforced cutting-off and roughing wheelsused on portables grinders.3)As listed under point 2:but also for wheel types 6 and 11 used on portable 25075031580040090050010001060a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 2612.08.11 16:22
XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXTechnical Grinding Information27Marking of Winterthur Grinding WheelsIn accordance with ANSI, ISO, FEPA and otherregulations, Winterthur wheels are marked withthe following information:- Manufacturer; trade mark- max. rev/minManufacturer- max. operating speed (m/s and/or SFPM)- batch and article number- type- dimensions- specificationMax. operatingspeedMax. rev/minBatch numberTypeDimensionsSpecificationGrinding wheels for higher-than-normal operatingspeeds, which are marked in accordance withFEPA regulations, must be colour coded with adiagonal stripe as follows:CompanyColour Codeblue9,830 SFPM (50 m/s)yellow12,400 SFPM (63 m/s)red15,750 SFPM (80 m/s)green19,680 SFPM (100 m/s)yellow/blue24,600 SFPM (125 m/s)a126756 WTG Precision Grinding.indb 2712.08.11 16:22
28Technical Grinding InformationGrinding Wheel Safety InformationMany countries have specific regulations which list codesof practice governing the use of abrasive wheels. It is ofparamount importance that users are aware of the relevantregulations and conform to their requirements.For general information, the European Association of Abrasive Wheel Manufacturers (FEPA) has issued the EuropeanSafety Code for the safe use of grinding wheels and bondedabrasive products.This code contains the safety rules which are common tho allFEPA member countries. S
32 Storage of Grinding Wheels 32 DressiNG WiTH DiamOND DressiNG 33TOOLs Basic Guidelines 33 . Twin Wheel Surface Grinding 66 beNcH, fLOOrsTaND, sWiNG frame macHiNe 67 . and also of CNC tool grinding machines for grinding
0.25 - 0.35 0.20 - 0.25 0.18 - 0.20 DRY GRINDING WHEEL SPEED CALCULATION: CUP WHEELS CUP WHEELS PERIPHERAL WHEELS PERIPHERAL WHEELS Diamond Grinding Wheels Diamond Grinding Wheels To convert m/s to SFPM To convert SFPM to M/S To convert RPM to SFPM Resin Bond Whee
Grinding wheel selection, Qw, Vw Wheel dressing parameters Limitations of on-board inspection Grinding Wheel 101 Grinding wheel definitions and descriptions Dressable and Non-dressable grinding wheels Tool wear Hands on Lab or Gear Grinding Simul
29. Grinding Machines Grinding Machines are also regarded as machine tools. A distinguishing feature of grinding machines is the rotating abrasive tool. Grinding machine is employed to obtain high accuracy along with very high class of surface finish on the workpiece. However, advent of new generation of grinding wheels and grinding machines,
different operations like turning, threading, tapper grinding, end drilling etc. The plant has the capacity to do most of operation except taper grinding. Presently the plant has to outsource the shaft to outside plant for the taper grinding. presently the plant have a grinding machine of G 17-22U, which means it is a universal grinding machine that can machine a job up to 220mm diameter shaft .
difficult to grind than conventional structural steel. In order to achieve successful results when grinding tool steel, it is necessary to choose the grinding wheel with care. In turn, choosing the right grinding wheel and grinding data requires an understanding of how a grinding wheel works
drive & pull wheels, measuring wheels, feed wheels, pinch & nip wheels, as well as support and conveyor wheels. All C130 wheels are dynamically balanced to assure smooth vibration-free operation and may be recovered at a considerable cost savings. Custom wheels are available: Style A Standard design available 6" dia. and up. *other designs .
The results of investigations into various aspects of precision grinding are reported. The first chapter introduces precision contour grinding as a metbod to produce complex shapes in steel, ceramics and glass with sub-micron form accuracy and with roughness in the nanometer range. The grinding operadon is described as a system,
penyembuhan tulang yang optimal. 2.1.1 Anatomi dan Histologi Tulang Komponen seluler tulang terdiri dari sel prekusor osteogenik ( sel mesenkim ), sel sel osteoblas, sel osteoklas, sel osteosit serta elemen hematopoetik lainnya dalam sumsum tulang. Sel prekursor osteogenik terdapat pada permukaan tulang yang tidak mengalami proses resorpsi, dan membentuk lapisan bagian dalam dari periosteum .
