Study & Master Geography Grade 12 Teacher's Guide

techniques associated with it. The final module in Term 4 consists of revisionfor all the topics, knowledge, skills and techniques covered inGrade 12 Geography.The modules are further divided into units and activities. Each module hasthree or more units, each of which covers an area of the topic.There is a Review section at the end of Terms 1–3 which learners can useto revise the term’s work in preparation for tests and examinations. Term4 covers revision. In addition, examination practice is provided at the endof the Learner’s Book. This consists of revision activities and examinationpapers which the learners can complete.Formal assessment opportunities are included in the Learner’s Book inthe form of three Formal Assessment Tasks. All other formal assessmentactivities (tests and examinations) are provided in the Teacher’s Guide.Teacher’s GuideThe Teacher’s Guide provides information and guidance on: Geography as a subject (Section 1) planning for the Grade 12 year and lessons (Sections 1 and 2) using the modules and units in the Learner’s Book to create lessons(Section 2) suggested answers for all activities in the Learner’s Book(Sections 2 and 4) suggested remedial and extension activities (Section 2) informal assessment suggestions (Section 2) a programme of assessment (Section 3) two tests (Section 3) a mid-year examination: Paper 1 and Paper 2 (Section 3) trial examination: Paper 1 and Paper 2 (Section 3) guidance on the assessment of all Formal Assessment Tasks (Section 3) memorandums for all Formal Assessment Tasks (Section 3) recording and reporting on formal assessment (Section 3) a list of useful websites (Section 4) additional worksheets and activities (Section 4).Section 2 mirrors the Learner’s Book and is divided into modules. It indicateshow the modules and units in the Learner’s Book can be used to create lessons.InclusivityAn important part of teaching is to accommodate all learners, includingthose who experience barriers to learning. Study & Master Geography Grade 12takes into account that learners come from different backgrounds and havedifferent abilities. So it offers learning material that learners can relate to,while extending their learning and experience. There are a variety of types ofactivities – activities that appeal to learners of all levels and backgrounds, andthat offer opportunities to work individually, in pairs, in groups or as a wholeclass. This Teacher’s Guide also provides remedial and extension activities foreach unit which teachers need when they have to manage a class of diverselearners. Section 4 (Resources) also provides a few worksheets for learnersand ideas for activities.s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o nGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 556/11/13 7:13:32 PM

6Geog Gr 12 TG.indb 6s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o n6/11/13 7:13:32 PM11 21Week/s1TermModule 1Climate and weather (regionaland local weather systems):Geographical knowledgeModule21Unitno.34Tropical cyclonesNo. of hoursMid-latitude cyclonesUnit titleThe table below indicates how Study & Master Geography Grade 12 covers allthe requirements of the CAPS for Geography and how it is intended for usein the 40 weeks in the school year.4. Grade 12 Year Planfactors necessary for theirformation;stages of development;associated weather patterns;reading and interpreting satelliteimages and synoptic weather maps;case study of one recent tropicalcyclone that affected southernAfrica;impact of tropical cycloneson human activities and theenvironment; andstrategies that help to prepare forand manage the effects of tropicalcyclones. reading and interpreting satelliteimages and synoptic weather maps. weather patterns associated withcold, warm, and occluded fronts;and areas where tropical cyclones form;stages of development and relatedweather conditions; general characteristics;conditions necessary for theirformation; areas where mid-latitude cyclonesform; general characteristics; Geography CAPS contentTeacher’s Guide pp. 25–28Learner’s Book pp. 22 co.za forweather prediction, satellite imagesand synoptic weather charts; and media information; atlases; Teacher’s Guide pp. 22–25Learner’s Book pp. 11 21;Resources

s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o nGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 776/11/13 7:13:32 PM3412 311Week/sTermModule543Unitno.22Urban climates3Subtropical anticyclones andassociated weather conditionsValley climatesNo. of hoursUnit titlereasons for differences betweenrural and urban climates;urban heat islands causes andeffects;concept of pollution domes causes and effects; andstrategies to reduce the heat islandeffect. the influence of local climates onhuman activities such as settlementand farming. reading and interpreting satelliteimages and synoptic weather mapsthat illustrate weather associatedwith subtropical anticyclonicconditions. development of anabatic andkatabatic winds, inversions, frostpockets and radiation fog; andtravelling disturbances associatedwith anticyclonic circulation:moisture front, line thunderstorms,coastal low-pressure systems andSouth African berg winds; and anticyclonic air circulation aroundSouth Africa, and its influence onweather and climate; the microclimate of valleys (theeffect of the slope aspect);general characteristics of thesehigh-pressure cells; location of the high-pressure cellsthat affect South Africa; Geography CAPS contentTeacher’s Guide pp. 35–37Learner’s Book pp. 49–54;Teacher’s Guide pp. 32–34Learner’s Book pp. 41–48;Teacher’s Guide pp. 29–32Learner’s Book pp. 31–40;Resources

8Geog Gr 12 TG.indb 8s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o n6/11/13 7:13:32 PM5 64 511Week/sTerm1Module 2Geomorphology: Geographicalknowledge2Unitno.ModuleFluvial processesDrainage systems in SouthAfricaUnit title45No. of hoursriver grading;rejuvenation of rivers: reasonsand resultant features, such asknick points, terraces and incisedmeanders;river capture (stream piracy):the concepts of abstraction andriver capture; features associatedwith river capture (captor stream,captured stream, misfit stream,elbow of capture, wind gap); andsuperimposed and antecedentdrainage patterns. discharge of a river: laminar andturbulent flow. use of topographic maps to identifystream order and density; and identification and description offluvial landforms: meanders, oxbowlakes, braided streams, floodplains,natural levees, waterfalls, rapidsand deltas;drainage density; drainage patterns: dendritic, trellis,rectangular, radial, centripetal,deranged and parallel; river profiles: transverse profile,longitudinal profile and theirrelationship to different stages of ariver;types of rivers: permanent, periodic,episodic and exotic; important concepts: drainagebasin, catchment area, river system,watershed, tributary, river mouth,source, confluence, water table,surface run-off and groundwater; Geography CAPS contenthttp://www.slideshare.net/ (fieldwork) and GIS, related tocatchment areasrivers in local environmentTeacher’s Guide pp. 44–48Learner’s Book pp. 71-91; tbook/fluvialsystems/drainage patterns.html; migratorycoconut/chapter-81massmovements; andinformation about SA rivers: ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/ Teacher’s Guide pp. 39–44Learner’s Book pp. 56–70;Resources

s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o nGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 996/11/13 7:13:32 PM788116 711Week/sTermModule 3Climatology andGeomorphology: Geographicalskills and techniquesModule3213Unitno.222Topographic mapsAerial photographs andorthophoto maps3Catchment and rivermanagementMapwork techniquesNo. of hoursUnit titlecomparing an orthophoto mapwith a topographic map.grid referencing. intervisibility; and orthophoto maps identifyingfeatures; andgradient; direction: magnetic north, truenorth and magnetic declination; interpreting vertical aerialphotographs;cross sections; contours and landforms;applying map-reading skills tomaps and photographs. map and photograph interpretation includes reading and analysis ofphysical and constructed features;and case study of one catchment areamanagement strategy in SouthAfrica. reading and interpreting synopticweather maps, satellite images andother weather- and climate-relateddata;impact of people on drainagebasins and catchment areas; and importance of managing drainagebasins and catchment areas; Geography CAPS contentTeacher’s Guide pp. 61–63Learner’s Book pp. 133–142;Teacher’s Guide pp. 56–61Learner’s Book pp. 118–132;Teacher’s Guide pp. 53–56Learner’s Book pp. 102–117;Teacher’s Guide pp. 48–51Learner’s Book pp. 92–100;Resources

10Geog Gr 12 TG.indb 10s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o n6/11/13 7:13:32 PM52Rural settlements1 223Study of settlementsModule 4Rural settlements: Geographicalknowledge11Test 110131Geographical InformationSystems (GISs) (appropriateto climatology andgeomorphology)Review: Term 1No. of hoursUnit title9214Unitno.Homework91ModuleAssessment Task 1Week/sTermdeveloping a “paper GIS” fromexisting maps, photographs orother records on tracing paper. classification of rural settlementsaccording to pattern and function;reasons for different shapes ofsettlements: round, linear, T-shapedand crossroads; andland use in rural settlements. settlement classification accordingto size, complexity, pattern andfunction. rural and urban settlements; and how site and situation affect thelocation of rural settlements;site and situation; concept of settlement; Assessment and consolidationTest (20 marks)Assessment and consolidationAssessment and consolidationData-handling task (40 marks)examination of GIS information fordifferent catchment areas; and Geography CAPS contentmedia information;http://www.statssa.gov.za;topographic and orthophoto maps;vertical aerial photographs orsatellite images (such as GoogleEarth); andtelephone directory for types ofeconomic activities in a settlement Teacher’s Guide pp. 74–77Learner’s Book pp. 171–180;atlases; Teacher’s Guide pp. 71–74Learner’s Book pp. 161–170;Teacher’s Guide pp. 171–174Teacher’s Guide pp. 66–69Learner’s Book pp. 153 158;Teacher’s Guide pp. 169–171Learner’s Book pp. 151–152;Teacher’s Guide pp. 64–66Learner’s Book pp. 143–150;Resources

s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o nGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 11116/11/13 7:13:32 PM4 5523 422Week/sTermModule 5Urban settlements: GeographicalknowledgeModule213Unitno.42Urban hierarchies6Rural settlement issuesUrban settlementsNo. of hoursUnit titlethe concepts of urban hierarchy,central place, threshold population,sphere of influence and range ofgoods;lower- and higher-order functionsand services; andlower- and higher-order centres. classification of urban settlementsaccording to function, such ascentral places, trade and transport,break-of-bulk points, specialisedcities, junction towns and gatewaytowns or gap towns. how site and situation affect thelocation of urban settlements; andsocial justice issues in rural areas,such as access to resources andland reform. case study that illustrates effects ofrural depopulation and strategies toaddress them; and the origin and development ofurban settlements urbanisation ofthe world’s population;causes and consequences of ruraldepopulation on people and theeconomy; rural-urban migration; Geography CAPS contentTeacher’s Guide pp. 88–91Learner’s Book pp. 208–213;Teacher’s Guide pp. 84–88Learner’s Book pp. 196–207;Teacher’s Guide pp. 78–82Learner’s Book pp. 181–194;Resources

12Geog Gr 12 TG.indb 12s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o n6/11/13 7:13:33 PM7 882622Week/sTermModule 6Rural and urban settlements:Geographical skills andtechniquesModule143Unitno.Mapwork skills354Urban structure and patternsUrban settlement issuesNo. of hoursUnit titlemap and photographinterpretation: including readingand analysis of physical andconstructed features. case studies that show how selectedurban areas in South Africa aremanaging urban challenges, andhandling environmental, economic,and social justice concerns. applying map skills and techniques:scale, contours and cross-sections;andthe growth of informal settlementsand associated issues: case studiesfrom the world and South Africa; and urban issues related to rapidurbanisation: lack of planning,housing shortage, overcrowding,traffic congestion and problemswith service provision; changing urban patterns and landuse in South African cities. recent urbanisation patterns inSouth Africa;models of urban structure, such asmultiple-nuclei model, the modernAmerican-Western city, the ThirdWorld city and the South Africancity; and internal structure and patternsof urban settlements: land usezones; concept of urban profile;and factors influencing themorphological structure of a city; Geography CAPS contentTeacher’s Guide pp. 98–102Learner’s Book pp. 240–246;Teacher’s Guide pp. 94–97Learner’s Book pp. 227–238;Teacher’s Guide pp. 91–94Learner’s Book pp. 214–226;Resources

s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o nGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 13136/11/13 7:13:33 PM322Geographical InformationSystems (GISs) (appropriate torural and urban settlement)economic sectors (primary,secondary, tertiary and quaternary);economic sectors’ contribution tothe South African economy: valueand employment; anduse of statistical and graphicalinformation. 3Module 7Economic geography of SouthAfrica: Geographical knowledge1Assessment and consolidationMid-year examination (300 marks)Mid-year examination10Assessment and consolidation2developing a ‘paper GIS’ fromexisting maps, photographs orother records on layers of tracingpaper. Assessment and consolidationMapwork task (70 marks)application of GIS by Governmentand the private sector; relate toweather and settlement topicsabove; and data standardisation, data sharingand data security; data manipulation: data integration,buffering, querying and statisticalanalysis;spatial and attribute data; vectorand raster data; GIS concepts: remote-sensing andresolution; Geography CAPS contentReview: Term 2Structure of the economyNo. of hoursUnit title912Unitno.Homework92ModuleAssessment Task 2Week/sTermsatellite images;http://www.statssa.gov.za;food security: http://www.fanrpan.org; andinformation on Maputo Corridor:http://www.mcli.co.za/mcli-web/mdc. sdi.hmt atlases, topographic maps,aerial photographs and mediainformation; Teacher’s Guide pp. 110–113Learner’s Book pp. 269–274;Teacher’s Guide pp. 179–201Teacher’s Guide pp. 106–108Learner’s Book pp. 262–265;Teacher’s Guide pp. 177–178Learner’s Book pp. 259–261;Teacher’s Guide pp. 102–106Learner’s Book pp. 247–258;Resources

14Geog Gr 12 TG.indb 14s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o n6/11/13 7:13:33 PM3 41 233Week/sTermModule32Unitno.55AgricultureMiningNo. of hoursUnit titlecontribution of mining to the SouthAfrican economy;significance of mining to thedevelopment of South Africa;factors that favour and hindermining in South Africa; anda case study of one of South Africa’smain minerals in relation to theabove points. case studies related to food securityin South Africa. the importance of food security inSouth Africa influencing factors;and main products produced: homemarket and export market; factors that favour and hinderagriculture in South Africa, such asclimate, soil, land ownership andtrade;the role of small-scale farmers andlarge-scale farmers; contribution of agriculture to theSouth African economy; Geography CAPS contentTeacher’s Guide pp. 120–123Learner’s Book pp. 288–294;Teacher’s Guide pp. 113–120Learner’s Book pp. 275–287;Resources

s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o nGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 15156/11/13 7:13:33 PM5 64 533Week/sTermModule54Unitno.36The secondary and tertiarysectorsStrategies for industrialdevelopmentNo. of hoursUnit titlemain industrial activities; andoverview of apartheid and postapartheid industrial developmentstrategies;concept and distribution ofIndustrial Development Zones(IDZs);case studies of two SpatialDevelopment Initiatives (SDIs); andissues associated with industrialcentralisation and decentralisation. case studies from South Africa toillustrate the above.– factors influencing their locationSouth Africa’s industrial regions: –factors influencing industrialdevelopment in South Africa, suchas raw materials, labour supply,transport infrastructure, politicalintervention, competition andtrade; PWV-Gauteng, DurbanPinetown, Port ElizabethUitenhage, South Western CapeMetropole;types of industries, such as heavy,light, raw material orientated,market orientated, footlooseindustries, ubiquitous industriesand bridge (break-of-bulk point)industries; –contribution of secondary andtertiary sectors to the South Africaneconomy; Geography CAPS contentTeacher’s Guide pp. 128–131Learner’s Book pp. 307–311;Teacher’s Guide pp. 123–128Learner’s Book pp. 295–306;Resources

16Geog Gr 12 TG.indb 16s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o n6/11/13 7:13:33 PM788336 733Week/sTermModule 8Economic Geography of SouthAfrica: Geographical skills andtechniquesModule3216Unitno.222Topographic mapsGeographical InformationSystems (GISs)4The informal sectorMapwork skillsNo. of hoursUnit titlechallenges facing South Africa’sinformal sector; and map and photograph interpretation includes reading and analysis ofphysical and constructed features;andapplying map-reading skills tomaps and photographs. examination of a selection ofsatellite images;GIS concepts: remote sensing andresolution;spatial and attribute data; vectorand raster data;data standardisation, data sharingand data security;data manipulation: data integration,buffering, querying and statisticalanalysis; anddeveloping a “paper GIS” fromexisting maps, photographs orother records on tracing paper. grid referencing. Topographic maps applying map skills and techniques:scale, contours and cross-sections;andconsolidation of map skills fromGrades 10, 11 and 12; case studies to illustrate the abovein the South African context.reasons for high informal sectoremployment in South Africa; concept and characteristics ofinformal sector employment; Geography CAPS contentTeacher’s Guide pp. 140–142Learner’s Book pp. 327–332;Teacher’s Guide pp. 138–140Learner’s Book pp. 323–326;Teacher’s Guide pp. 136–137Learner’s Book pp. 319–322;Teacher’s Guide pp. 132–134Learner’s Book pp. 312–317;Resources

s e c t i o n 1 i n tr o ducti o nGeog Gr 12 TG.indb 17176/11/13 7:13:33 PM1–22345 66 10444444External examinationPreparation for end-of-yearexamination653 42Geographical skills andtechniquesEconomic geography of SouthAfricaRural settlements; UrbansettlementsGeomorphologyClimate and weather (regionaland local weather systems)Paper 1Paper 21½Assessment andconsolidationExamination:Assessment and consolidationTrial examination (Paper 1 and Paper 2)(300 divided by 30 10 marks)Geographical skills and techniquesLearner’s Book pp. 361–365;Economic geography of South AfricaExternalTeacher’s Guide pp. 209–244Learner’s Book pp. 374–394;Teacher’s Guide pp. 165-168Learner’s Book pp. 366–372;Teacher’s Guide pp. 161-165Learner’s Book pp. 353–357; 358–360;Teacher’s Guid

Unit 1: Study of settlements 71 Unit 2: Rural settlements 74 Unit 3: Rural settlement issues 78 Module 5: Urban settlements: Geographical knowledge 83 Unit 1: Urban settlements 84 Unit 2: Urban hierarchies 88 Unit 3: Urban structure and patterns 91 Unit 4: Urban settlement issues 94 Contents