2017 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines
2017 AAHACanineVaccinationGuidelines*Richard B. Ford, DVM, MS, DACVIM, DACVPM (Hon)†,Laurie J. Larson, DVM, Kent D. McClure, DVM, JD,Ronald D. Schultz, PhD, DACVM (Hon),Link V. Welborn, DVM, DABVP‡AFFILIATIONSNorth Carolina State University, College of VeterinaryMedicine, Raleigh, North Carolina (R.B.F.); Department ofPathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin (L.J.L.);General Counsel, Animal Health Institute, Washington, DC(K.D.M.); Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Universityof Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine,Madison, Wisconsin (R.D.S.); Tampa Bay Animal Hospitals,Tampa, Florida (L.V.W.).CONTRIBUTING REVIEWERSCatherine M. Brown, DVM, MSc, MPH (Massachusetts Departmentof Public Health); Anthony E. Cascino, Jr. Attorney at Law (Cascino& Assoc, P.C.; Chicago, Illinois); Leah A. Cohn, DVM, PhD, DACVIM(University of Missouri); Cynda Crawford, DVM, PhD (Maddie’sShelter Program, University of Florida); Michael J. Day, BSc, BVMS(Hons), PhD, DECVP (University of Bristol, United Kingdom);Cynthia Delany, DVM (University of California, Davis); BrianDiGangi, DVM, DABVP (University of Florida); Kelli Ferris, DVM(North Carolina State University); Laurel Gershwin, DVM, PhD,DACVM (University of California, Davis); Douglas C. Jack, Solicitor(Borden Ladner Gervais LLP, Toronto, Canada); Linda Janowitz,DVM (Peninsula Humane Society); Lila Miller, DVM (AmericanSociety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York City);Susan Moore, MS, PhD, director of KSVDL Rabies Laboratory(Kansas State University); Kris Otteman, DVM (Oregon HumaneSociety); Apryl Steele, DVM (Chief Operating Officer, DumbFriends League); Brenda Stevens, DVM (North Carolina StateUniversity); Amy Stone, DVM, PhD (University of Florida); JaneSykes, BVSc, PhD, DACVIM (University of California, Davis).26TRENDS MAGAZINEF2 VaccineGuidelines Oct17.indd 269/12/17 10:46 AM
Executive SummaryTHE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION(AAHA) is pleased to introduce this revision of the CanineVaccination Guidelines published, for the first time,as an online educational resource for the veterinarymedical profession. This format will allow for frequentonline updates as necessary. The revised AAHA CanineVaccination Guidelines offer important updates tothe 2011 Guidelines. The content of the Guidelineshas been significantly expanded to facilitate effortsby practicing veterinarians to meet patient and clientneeds in a complex infectious disease environment. TheGuidelines are an authoritative source of evidence-basedrecommendations and expert opinion provided bythe AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines Task Force.The Task Force includes individuals with extensiveexperience in primary care practice, academia, sheltermedicine, public health, and veterinary law related toclinical practice.* These guidelines were prepared by a task force of experts convenedby the American Animal Hospital Association. This document is intendedas a guideline only, not an AAHA standard of care. These guidelines andrecommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive protocol,course of treatment, or procedure. Variations in practice may be warrantedbased on the needs of the individual patient, resources, and limitationsunique to each individual practice setting. Evidence-based support for specificrecommendations has been cited whenever possible and appropriate. Otherrecommendations are based on practical clinical experience and a consensusof expert opinion. Further research is needed to document some of theserecommendations. Because each case is different, veterinarians must basetheir decisions on the best available scientific evidence in conjunction withtheir own knowledge and experience.These guidelines were sponsored by a generous educational grant fromBoehringer Ingelheim, Merial, Merck Animal Health, and Zoetis. They weresubjected to a formal peer-review process. The AAHA Canine VaccinationGuidelines Task Force gratefully acknowledges the contribution of MarkDana of Scientific Communications Services, LLC, in the preparation of theExecutive Summary.† R.B. Ford was the lead editor of the AAHA Canine Vaccination GuidelinesTask Force.‡ L.V. Welborn was the chair of the AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines Task Force.While there is often consensus on which canine vaccinesfall into core and noncore categories and when theyshould be administered, in practice, the vaccinationprotocol should always be individualized based on thepatient’s risk factors, life stage, and lifestyle. For thisreason, these Guidelines are not intended to representa universal vaccination protocol applicable to all dogs.Instead, the Guidelines offer a range of recommendationsthat will aid practitioners in making rational decisions onvaccine selection for their individual patients.The AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines offerimportant updates to previously published guidelines aswell as new, relevant information that directly impactsthe practicing veterinarian: Updated, quick-reference tables summarizingvaccination recommendations for client-owned andshelter-housed dogs. Internet links that provide ready access to regularlyupdated online sources of information that willsupplement the Guidelines themselves, for example,state-by-state information on rabies vaccination lawand regulations, and comprehensive information onvaccine storage and handling. Algorithms outlining indications for antibodytesting (serology) as well as recommended actions forpatients with a “positive” or “negative” test result. Product information on the emerging classof immunotherapeutics approved for use inveterinary medicine.As one of the safest and most cost-effective means ofinfectious disease prevention, vaccination has long beena focal point of canine practice. This revision of the entireAAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines is presented in anonline format at aaha.org/CanineVaccinationGuidelines.Termed an “Online Educational Resource,” this iterationof the AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines offersreaders immediate accessibility to current, “must-know”information that directly impacts clinical practice on adaily basis.The table on vaccination recommendations in practiceis an up-to-date, master reference that functions asa stand-alone resource covering all commerciallyavailable canine vaccines licensed in the United Statesand Canada. Core and noncore vaccines are listed alongOctober 2017F2 VaccineGuidelines Oct17.indd 27279/12/17 10:46 AM
with recommendations for revaccination intervals andvarious precautions. The table contains links to sectionsin the Guidelines that provide additional, relevant detail.This is the only section available in print in JAAHA. Theremainder of the sections listed below can be found ataaha.org/CanineVaccinationGuidelines.The Guidelines include a newsection entitled therapeutic biologicsspecifically directed at informingveterinarians about the availability andintended use of these novel adjunctiveimmune-based therapies.Rabies vaccines are the only vaccines administered byveterinarians that are required by law. Because rabieslaws may vary from state to state (or jurisdictions withinstates), a new section on rabies vaccination providesaccess to current state-by-state information on rabiesand rabies vaccination law, and regulations that directlyimpact decisions veterinarians make in practice.Another new section offers recommendations fordogs that are overdue for vaccination. Vaccine-specificguidance is provided for what is often an ambiguousaspect of veterinary practice, i.e., the canine patient thatpresents with an unknown or out-of-date vaccinationhistory. Recommendations for core and noncore vaccinesare presented.Shelter-housed dogs represent a sizeable populationof animals at increased risk of exposure tovaccine-preventable infectious diseases. The Guidelinesinclude an updated table on recommendations forvaccination of shelter-housed dogs, including those inlong-term housing facilities.Another novel component of the Guidelines is asection on antibody testing (serology) as an adjunct tovaccination. Information is included that addressesnot only the indications for testing, but also providesrecommended actions based on whether the test resultsare “positive” or “negative.” Antibody testing represents28a selective approach to assessing an individual dog’sresponse to vaccination. Determination of antibodystatus is especially relevant for the assessment of patientsthat have an unknown vaccination history, are overduefor vaccination, those undergoing chemotherapy, thosereceiving immunosuppressive drugs, as well as patientswith a history of vaccine adverse reactions.As noted in the section on legal considerations,veterinarians can exercise some professional discretionin deviating from vaccine label recommendations,such as determining appropriate revaccinationintervals based the patient’s risk. On the other hand,the protocol for administering rabies vaccinationsis not discretionary. Decisions surrounding theadministration of rabies vaccines require strict adherenceto statutory requirements.The section on vaccine storage and handling summarizes“must know” information related to the storage anduse of vaccines within the practice. Included are tips foravoiding misidentification of vaccines, monitoring storageconditions, and the consequences of subjecting vaccines toout-of-range temperatures. A link to comprehensive Centerfor Disease Control (CDC) guidelines for proper vaccinestorage and handling of vaccines is provided.Immunotherapeutic products represent a rapidlyemerging class of biologics licensed for use in veterinarymedicine. The Guidelines include a new section entitledtherapeutic biologics specifically directed at informingveterinarians about the availability and intended use ofthese novel adjunctive immune-based therapies.In the section on frequently asked questions, readers willfind informative recommendations for dealing with anassortment of commonly encountered, vaccine-relatedsituations seen in clinical practice.The AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines support theimplementation of effective, individualized pathwaysfor the prevention of infectious diseases of dogs. Implicitin the Guidelines is the integral role vaccination playsin the veterinary profession’s emphasis on preventivehealthcare and regular exams as the foundation of a long,active, and rewarding relationship between pets and theirhuman companions. To read these guidelines in theirentirety, visit aaha.org/CanineVaccinationGuidelines.TRENDS MAGAZINEF2 VaccineGuidelines Oct17.indd 289/12/17 10:46 AM
NOTE: Vaccines designated as CORE should be administered to all dogs. However, because exposure risk tovaccine-preventable disease varies, selected NONCORE vaccines may be recommended as CORE in individual practicesdepending on geographic region, patient lifestyle, age, etc.TABLEVaccination Recommendations—PracticeCORE VaccinationsCombination vaccineadministered as:MLV or RecombinantCanine Distemper Virus MLV Parvovirus MLV Adenovirus-26 MLV ParainfluenzaVirusThe recommendationslisted apply whetheror not CPiV vaccine isincluded.Administer by thesubcutaneous (SQ) routeInitial Vaccination(Dogs 16 Wk of Age)Initial VaccinationRevaccination(Dogs .16 Wk of Age) (Booster)Beginning as early as 6wk of age, administersequential doses of acombination vaccine atan interval of 2 to 4 wkuntil at least 16 wk of age.Administer 1 or 2 dosesof a combination vaccine(see below):Dogs that are w16 wk ofage when presented forinitial vaccination shouldreceive a second dose 2to 4 wk later.NOTE: Dogs residing in aHIGH-RISK environmentmay benefit fromreceiving a final dose at18 to 20 wk of age.HIGH RISK is a subjectiveassessment applicableto dogs residing atlocations in which theincidence of CDV and/or CPV is consideredto be high; it may alsoinclude puppies knownto have significantexposure to other dogsor contaminatedenvironments.NOTE: Dogs residing in aHIGH-RISK environmentand between 16 and20 wk (4–5 mo) of agewhen presented for initialvaccination may benefitfrom administration of 2doses of a combinationvaccine 2 to 4 wk apart.NOTE: Dogs residing in aHIGH RISK environmentand over 20 wk (5 mo)of age when presentedfor initial vaccinationare expected to deriveprotective immunityfrom a single dose of acombination vaccine.HIGH RISK is a subjectiveassessment applicableto dogs residing atlocations in which theincidence of CDV and/orCPV is considered to behigh; it may also includepuppies known to havesignificant exposure toother dogs or contaminated environments.REMARKSAdminister a single doseof a combination vaccinewithin 1 yr following thelast dose in the InitialVaccination series.Following completion of the InitialVaccination series and the initialbooster dose, MLV and RecombinantCore vaccines will provide a sustainedprotective response lasting beyond 3 yr.Administer subsequentboosters at intervals of3 yr or longer.The rCDV and MLV-CDV vaccinesperform similarly with regard to onsetof immunity following vaccination (inthe absence of MDA) and duration ofimmunity.Measuring antibodylevels (quantitative orqualitative) provides areasonable assessmentof protective immunityagainst CDV, CPV, andCAV2.Visit aaha.org/CanineVaccineTiters formore information onantibody testing.Parvovirus (CPV): All MLV-CPV vaccinesavailable as of 2017 are expected toprovide immunity from disease causedby any field variant currently recognized(including CPV-2b and -2c†).Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAV2):Primarily intended to protect againstcanine infectious hepatitis viruscaused by CAV-1 (infectious caninehepatitis virus) but also offersprotection against the respiratoryCAV-2 (one of the pathogensassociated with canine infectiousrespiratory disease syndrome).Canine Parainfluenza Virus (CPiV):CPiV vaccine administered by theintranasal route may provide superiorprotection compared to vaccineadministered by a parenteral route.Following reconstitution, vaccineloss of potency may occur withinhours. CORE vaccines should beadministered within 1 hr followingreconstitution; it is recommendedthat reconstituted vaccinesheld longer than 1 hr should beproperly discarded. (Visit aaha.org/CanineVaccineResources for moreinformation on Vaccine Handling &Storage.)For recommendations onmanaging dogs who are overduefor these vaccines, visit aaha.org/CanineVaccinesOverdue(Table continues)October 2017F2 VaccineGuidelines Oct17.indd 29299/12/17 10:46 AM
TABLE (CONTINUED)CORE VaccinationsRabies virus (killed*)1-yr & 3-yr labeledvaccines are available.Administer by the SQ orintramuscular (IM) route(see Manufacturer’sPackage Insert for thevaccine selected)For state-specificinformation on rabiesimmunization andlaw, visit aaha.org/CanineVaccineResourcesInitial Vaccination(Dogs 16 Wk of Age)Initial VaccinationRevaccination(Dogs .16 Wk of Age) (Booster)Administer a single dosenot earlier than 12 wkof age.Administer a single doseof vaccine.Administer a single doseof vaccine.Regardless of the age ofthe dog at the time theinitial rabies vaccine isadministered, a seconddose is required within1 yr following the initialdose of rabies vaccine.In most states andprovinces, veterinariansare allowed discretionin administering eithera 1-yr or a 3-yr labeledrabies vaccine.A second dose isrequired within 1 yrfollowing the initial dose.Most, but not all,states and provincesallow discretion in theuse of a 1-yr or a 3-yrlabeled rabies vaccinewhen administeringthe initial dose. (Localrequirements may vary.)A majority of states andjurisdictions require theowner of a young dogto have the initial rabiesvaccine administeredbetween 12 and 16 wk ofage. (Local requirementsmay vary.)In most states andprovinces, veterinariansare allowed discretionin administering eithera 1-yr or a 3-yr labeledrabies vaccine.Vaccination requirementsmay vary for dogsimported from othercountries/states.State/local/provinciallaw applies.The interval betweensubsequent doses isdetermined by theproduct label of thelast vaccine doseadministered (i.e., either1 yr or 3 yr).REMARKSAlthough some states and mostprovinces do not have a rabiesvaccination requirement/law fordogs (or cats), rabies vaccination isrecommended as a CORE vaccine inall states and provinces.Most states (and jurisdictions withinstates) do NOT permit veterinariansto exempt the requirement forrabies vaccination even in dogshaving medical contraindicationsto vaccination. For state-specificinformation on rabies immunization,vaccine exemption, and law, visitaaha.org/CanineVaccineResourcesFor recommendations on managingNOTE: Some states anddogs who are overdue for this vaccine,some jurisdictions within visit aaha.org/CanineVaccinesOverduestates do NOT recognizea 1-yr labeled rabiesvaccine, in which case a3-yr labeled vaccine mustbe administered.State/local/provinciallaw applies.State/local/provinciallaw applies.NONCOREVaccinationsInitial Vaccination(Dogs 16 Wk of Age)Initial VaccinationRevaccination(Dogs .16 Wk of Age) (Booster)REMARKSBordetellabronchiseptica canineparainfluenza virusA single IN dose isindicated for dogs atrisk of exposure and isgenerally administeredbetween 8 and 16 wkof age.A single IN dose of vaccine is indicated for dogsat risk of exposure.Onset of protective immunity has beenshown to be as early as 48 to 72 hrfollowing a single inoculation.Administer by theintranasal (IN) route.OPTION: some INproducts may alsocontain CAV2 vaccine.The IN vaccine may beadministered as earlyas 3 to 4 wk of agein puppies at risk ofexposure to infecteddogs (maternally derivedantibody does notinterfere with the immuneresponse followingmucosal vaccination).Where risk of exposureis sustained, administera single dose 1 yrfollowing the last doseadministered, thenannually thereafter.There is no known valuein administering theIN vaccine bi-annually(every 6 mo).The duration of immunity, based onchallenge studies (B.bronchiseptica), is12 to 14 mo following a single dose ofIN vaccine.Canine Parainfluenza Virus (CPiV):Parenterally administered CPiVvaccine may not provide a level ofprotection that is comparable to CPiVvaccine administered by the IN route.The duration of immunity for the INCPiV vaccine component is expectedto exceed 1 yr.The IN CAV2 vaccine is not intendedfor use in the prevention of canineinfectious hepatitis.DO NOT ADMINISTER IN VACCINEPARENTERALLY or ORALLY.For recommendations on managingdogs who are overdue for this vaccine,visit aaha.org/CanineVaccinesOverdue(Table continues)30TRENDS MAGAZINEF2 VaccineGuidelines Oct17.indd 309/12/17 10:46 AM
TABLE (CONTINUED)NONCOREVaccinationsInitial Vaccination(Dogs 16 Wk of Age)Initial VaccinationRevaccination(Dogs .16 Wk of Age) (Booster)Bordetellabronchiseptica only(monovalent)Parenteral (SQ): Twoinitial doses are required,2 to 4 wk apart beginningas early as 8 wk of age.Parenteral (SQ): Two initial doses are required, 2to 4 wk apart, regardlessof the patient’s age.IN: Administer a singledose intranasally. TheIN vaccine may beadministered as early as3 to 4 wk of age.IN: Administer a singledose intranasally.Three options areavailable:Parenteral (CAe)Administer by the SQroute.-orIntranasal (avirulent live)Administer by theintranasal (IN) route.Oral: Administer a singledose into the buccalpouch as early as 8 wkof age.Where risk of exposureis sustained, administera single dose 1 yrfollowing the last doseadministered, thenannually thereafter.Oral: Administer asingle dose into the buccal pouch.Intraoral (avirulent live)Maternally derived antibody does notinterfere with the immune responsefollowing mucosal vaccination. Although the IN vaccine may beadministered as early as 3 to 4 wk ofage, it is conventional in practice toadminister a single dose between 8and 16 wk of age.For recommendations on managingdogs who are overdue for this vaccine,visit aaha.org/CanineVaccinesOverdueAdminister orally(buccal pouch).serovar canicola;serovaricterohaemorrhagiae;serovar grippotyphosa;serovar pomonaThe duration of immunity followinga single dose of B bronchisepticavaccine administered by the IN routeis 12 to 14 mo.Duration of immunity studies, basedon challenge, have not been publishedfor the parenteral (SQ) or the oral B.bronchiseptica vaccines.-or-Leptospira(killed) 4-serovarREMARKSTwo initial doses, 2 to 4wk apart., are required;the initial dose may beadministered as early as8 to 9 wk of age.Two initial doses, 2 to 4wk apart, are requiredregardless of thedog’s age.Where risk of exposureis sustained, administer asingle dose 1 yr followingcompletion of the initial2-dose series, thenannually thereafter.Because there is limitedcross-protection among serovarsin the vaccine, administration ofa 4-serovar leptospirosis vaccineis recommended over a 2-serovarvaccine.4-serovar leptospirosis vaccines areavailable in combination with COREvaccines and as a 4-serovar (only)product that is not combined withother vaccines.Administer by theSQ route.For recommendations on managingdogs who are overdue for this vaccine,visit aaha.org/CanineVaccinesOverdueBorrelia burgdorferi(canine Lyme disease)Four vaccine types arecurrently available: killed whole cellbacterin (OspA), killed whole cellbacterin (OspA C), recombinant OspA,Two initial doses, 2to 4 wk apart, may beadministered as earlyas 8 or 9 wk of age (aslabeled); (see REMARKS).Two initial doses, 2 to 4wk apart, are requiredregardless of the dog’sage (see REMARKS).Where risk of exposureis sustained, administer asingle dose 1 yr followingcompletion of the initial2-dose series, thenannually thereafter.Dogs traveling into Lyme-diseaseendemic areas from nonendemicareas may be at increased risk forexposure and infection. Vaccinationmay be indicated: administer 2 dosesof vaccine, 2 to 4 wk apart, suchthat the last dose is administeredapproximately 2 to 4 wk prior to travel.For recommendations on managingdogs who are overdue for this vaccine,visit aaha.org/CanineVaccinesOverdue chimeric-recombinantOspA OspCAdminister by theSQ route.(Table continues)October 2017F2 VaccineGuidelines Oct17.indd 31319/12/17 10:46 AM
TABLE (CONTINUED)NONCOREVaccinationsInitial Vaccination(Dogs 16 Wk of Age)Initial VaccinationRevaccination(Dogs .16 Wk of Age) (Booster)Canine InfluenzaVirus-H3N8(killed)Two initial doses, 2 to 4wk apart, are required.The first dose may beadministered to dogs 6to 8 wk of age or older(see package insert forspecific information).Two initial doses, 2 to 4wk apart.Administer by theSQ route.Where risk of exposureis sustained, administera single dose within 1yr following completionof the initial 2-doseseries, then everyyear thereafter.REMARKSWhen vaccination is recommended,dogs intended to be housed inboarding kennels or day-care facilitiesshould BEGIN the initial vaccinationseries 4 wk prior to entry (2 wkbetween the initial vaccines plus 2 wkto allow time for a humoral immuneresponse to develop).Any dog deemed at risk for exposureto influenza virus should be vaccinatedagainst both H3N2 and H3N8 strains.Vaccinated dogs may still becomeinfected following exposure, developmild clinical signs, and transiently shedvirulent virus.For recommendations on managingdogs who are overdue for this vaccine,visit aaha.org/ CanineVaccinesOverdueCanine InfluenzaVirus-H3N2(killed)Administer by theSQ route.Two initial doses, 2 to 4wk apart, are required.The first dose may beadministered to dogs 6to 8 wk of age or older(see package insert forspecific information).Two initial doses, 2 to 4wk apart.Where risk of exposureis sustained, administera single dose within 1yr following completionof the initial 2-doseseries, then everyyear thereafter.When vaccination is recommended,dogs intended to be housed inboarding kennels or day-care facilitiesshould BEGIN the initial vaccinationseries 4 wk prior to entry (2 wkbetween the initial vaccines plus 2 wkto allow time for a humoral immuneresponse to develop).Any dog deemed at risk for exposureto influenza virus should be vaccinatedagainst both H3N2 and H3N8 strains.Vaccinated dogs may still becomeinfected following exposure, developmild clinical signs, and transiently shedvirulent virus.For recommendations on managingdogs who are overdue for this vaccine,visit aaha.org/CanineVaccinesOverdueCrotalus atrox(Western DiamondbackRattlesnake)Administer by theSQ route.Dosing requirements and frequency of administrationvary among dogs depending on body weight andexposure risk. Follow the manufacturer’s labelrecommendations for dosing and administration.The vaccine should only beadministered to dogs with a definedrisk for exposure.*Killed, inactivated.†CPV-2b and CPV-2c, field variants of canine parvovirus recognized in the United States today. “combined with” the vaccine that follows. 6 “with or without” the vaccine(s) that follow.CAe, cellular antigen extract (Bordetella bronchiseptica); CAV2, canine adenovirus-2; CCV, canine coronavirus; CDV, canine distemper virus; CPiV, canine parainfluenza virus; CPV, canineparvovirus; CPV-2b and CPV-2c, field variants of canine parvovirus recognized in North America today; IM, intramuscular; IN, intranasal; MDA, maternally derived antibody; MLV, modified-livevirus or attenuated; oral, specifically administered into the buccal pouch (Bordetella bronchiseptica); OspA, outer surface protein A (Borrelia burgdorferi); OspC, outer surface protein C (Borelliaburgdorferi); rCDV ¼ recombinant canine distemper virus; SQ, subcutaneousMEASLES VACCINATION: Attenuated Measles Vaccination is a heterologous, single-dose (do not booster) vaccine for administration to young dogs (not less than 6 wk of age and not older than12 wk of age) as a means of protecting young dogs (only) against canine distemper virus. The measles vaccine must be administered by the intramuscular (IM) route.NOTE: Canine coronavirus (CCV) vaccination is not recommended on the grounds that infection: (1) causes mild or subclinical disease, (2) generally occurs in dogs 6 wk of age and younger, and(3) is typically self-limiting.NOTE: Administration of multiple doses of parenteral vaccine at the same appointment, particularly among small breed dogs (#10 kg), may increase the risk of an acute-onset adverse reaction.Alternative vaccination schedules may be indicated, e.g., delaying administration of a noncore vaccine by 2 wk following administration of core vaccines.32TRENDS MAGAZINEF2 VaccineGuidelines Oct17.indd 329/12/17 10:46 AM
ReferencesThe following citations apply to the “Vaccination Recommendations—Practice” table.General Principles of Immunization1. Abdelmagid OY, Larson L, Payne L, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy andduration of immunity of a canine combination vaccine against virulentparvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, and distemper virusexperimental challenges. Vet Ther 2004;5(3):173–86.2. Chastant-Maillard S, Freyburger L, Marcheteau E, et al. Timing of theintestinal barrier closure in puppies. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47(suppl 6):190–193.3. Davis-Wurzler GM. 2013 Update on current vaccination strategies inpuppies and kittens. Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract 2014;44(2):235–63.4. Day MJ, Schultz RD. Vaccination. In: Veterinary Immunology: Principlesand Practice. Boca Raton (FL): Taylor and Francis; 2014:224.20. Tizard I. The use of vaccines. In: Veterinary immunology. 9th ed. St Louis:Elsevier-Saunders; 2013:272–82.PathogensCanine Distemper Virus21. Jensen WA, Totten JS, Lappin MR, et al. Use of serologic tests to predictresistance to Canine distemper virus-induced disease in vaccinateddogs. J Vet Diag Invest 2015;27(5):576–80.22. Larson L, Schultz RD. Effect of vaccination with rCDV vaccineimmediately before exposure under shelter-like conditions.Vet Ther 2006;7(2):113–8.23. Larson LJ, Schultz RD. Three-year duration of immunity in dogsvaccinated with a canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distempervirus vaccine. Vet Ther 2007;8(2):101–6.5. Day MJ, Horzinek MC, Schultz RD, et al. Guidelines for the Vaccinationof Dogs and Cats. World Small Animal Veterinary Association, VaccineGuidelines Group. J Sm Anim Pract 2016;57:E1–E45.24. Pardo MC, Bauman JE, Mackowiak M. Protection of dogs against caninedistemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressingcanine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins.Am J Vet Res 1997;58(8):833–6.6. Ford RB. Companion animal vaccines. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, eds.Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Vol 1. 7th ed. St Louis: ElsevierSaunders; 2010:853.25. Pardo MC, Tanner P, Bauman J, et al. Immunization of puppies in thepresence of maternally derived antibodies against canine distempervirus. J Comp Pathol 2007;137(suppl 1):S72–5.7. Ford RB. Canine vaccination guidelines: Key points for veterinarypractice. Today’s Vet Pract 2012;2:20–6.26. Perrone D, Bender S,Niewiesk S. A comparison of the immune responsesof dogs exposed to canine distemper virus (CDV) - Differencesbetween vaccinated and wild-type virus exposed dogs. Can J Vet Res2010;74(3):214–7.8. Gill M, Srinivas J, Morozov I, et al. Three-year duration of immunity forcanine distemper, adenovirus, and parvovirus after vaccination with amultivalent canine vaccine. J Appl Res Vet Med 2004;2(4):227–34.9. Greene CE, Schultz RD. Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy.In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 3rd ed.Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2006:1069–119.10. Larson LJ, Schultz RD. Three-year serologic immunity against canineparvovirus type 2 and canine adenovirus type 2 in dogs vaccinated witha canine combination vaccine. Vet Ther 2007;8(4):305–10.11. Larson LJ, Newbury S, Schultz RD. Canine and feline vaccinations andimmunology. In: Miller L, Hurley KF, eds. Infectious Disease Managementin Animal Shelters. Ames (IA): Wiley-Blackwell; 2009:61–82.12. Mouzin DE, LorenzenMJ,Haworth JD, et al. Duration of serologicresponse to five viral antigens in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224(1):55–60.13. Renshaw RW, Zylich NC, Laverack MA, et al. Pneumovirus in dogs withacute respiratory disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2010;16(6):993–995.14. Roth JA.
vaccination of shelter-housed dogs, including those in long-term housing facilities. Another novel component of the Guidelines is a section on antibody testing (serology) as an adjunct to vaccination. Information is included that addresse
REPORT of the AAHA Canine Vaccine Task Force 2003 Canine Vaccine Guidelines and Recommendations 3 Tab le 1 AAHA 2003 Canine Vaccination Guidelines and Recommendations* Initial Puppy Vaccination ‡ Initial Adult Vaccination Revaccination (Booster) Overall Comments and V accine † (
the 2020 AAHA/AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines and resources through an educational grant to AAHA. † A. E. S. Stone was chair of the 2020 AAHA/AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines Task Force. These guidelines were prepared by a Task Force of experts convened by the American Ani
city of miami canine training school (police service canine) f.d.l.e proficiency examination detector canine training emergency/hurricane mobilization guidelines for command post situations content of canine folders and records canine's assigned to units outside of the canine unit. utilization of gun/ammo detector canine s.o.p6 s.o.p 7 s.o.p8
The 2015 AAHA Canine and Feline Behavior Management Guidelines were developed to provide practitioners and staff with concise, evidence-based infor-mation to ensure that the basic behavioral needs of feline and canine patients are understood and met in every practice. Some facility in veterinary behavioral
AAHA Members 15,131 Veterinarians 15,787 Veterinary assistants and support staff 6,722 Veterinary technicians 3,946 Practice managers 2,589 Other 44,175 TOTAL MEMBERS *Financial and Productivity Pulsepoints, Tenth Edition, AAHA Press, 2019. **As of July 1, 2020 2 Billion purchasing power* 4,511 AAHA-accredited and preaccredited .
still relevant nutrition-related guidelines produced by the American Animal Hospital Association. These include the 2010 AAHA Nutri-tional Assessment Guidelines for Dogs and Cats and the 2014 AAHA Weight Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats .1,2 These prior guidelines address two essential components of nutritional manage-
The AAHA Vaccine Guidelines Are Created These early recommendations prompted the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) to assemble a task force. In 2003, the AAHA Canine Vaccine Task Force evaluated the data from these challenges and serological studies and, while noting that the core vaccines had a min-
(half serious, half playful) Yes – except for last summer, when you never came near me –Sheila (Act 1) Suggesting that she doesn [t fully trust him, despite the fact that theyre going to be married soon, but again shows how she is childish, and relatively light-hearted, as she is still half playful [ even in something which could be seen as quite serious. men with important work to do .
