Types Of Nouns Functions Of Nouns Positions Of Nouns
Nouns Typesof nouns Functions of nouns Positions of nouns Forms of nouns Markers of nouns
Meaning classification1. Proper versus common nouns2. Concrete versus abstract nouns3. Countable versus uncountable nouns4. Collective nouns versus unit nouns Form classification1. Compound nouns
1.2.3.4.5.Proper nounsPersonal names: David; Henry Widdowson;Names of geographic units: Iran; Isfahan; NewYork; the Nile; the Pacific; Mount Everest; theGreat Salt LakeNames of holidays: Valentine’s Day; GoldenWeek; Now RowzNames of time units: Sunday; Esfand;Names of historic events and documents: theFrench Revolution; the Emancipationproclamation; World War I
6. Words used for personification:Justice; Death; Liberty; Destiny7. Names of objects and commercial products:Mazda 3; Kleenex8. Names of religions, followers of particularreligions, and some religious concepts:Islam; Christianity; Shinto; Shiite; Doomsday;Heaven; the Devil9. Persons or bodies with a particular function:the Leader; the King; Majlis; Congress
10. Public buildings, institutions, laws etc:the University of Tabriz; Iran LanguageInstitute; Bank Tejarat;11. Political parties and their members: theConservative party; the Republicans;12. Languages and nationalities: Chinese;Japanese; Iranian; Lebanese
1.2.1.Grammatically:Proper nouns do not vary for number.Proper nouns are not used with determiners.Orthographically:Proper nouns begin with capital letters.
Common nounsbooks; vegetables; people; houses; war;independence1. Common nouns are preceded by determiners.2. Common nouns begin with small letters.
Concrete nouns: words for physical objectsperceived by the sensesBoat; car; house; food; coffee; flower;Abstract nouns: words for concepts, ideasexisting in speakers’ mindsJustice; brotherhood; nationality; religionIs “music” a concrete or an “abstract noun”?
1.2.3.4.Countable (count) nounsNames of separate people, objects, ideas:doctor; carpet; hourCountable nouns have plural forms: doctors;carpets; hourCountable nouns are preceded by a/an: adoctor; a carpet; an hourCountable nouns are preceded by numbers:two doctors; five carpets; three hours
Names of materials, liquids, abstract qualities,collections, and other things without clearboundaries: coffee; life; weather;2. Uncountable nouns are usually singularwithout plural forms: waters; golds; woods3. Uncountable nouns are not usually precededby a/an: a water; a gold; a wool; anaccommodation4. Uncountable nouns are not preceded bynumbers:two waters; three golds; five woods1.
Foods: rice; wheat; barley; salt; milk; corn;spaghetti; rye; maize; sugar; fruit; bread;butter; cheese; chicken; beef; lamb; cream;soupFluids: water; tea; coffee; oil; gasoline;vinegar; wine; inkRaw materials: wood; paper; glass; iron;metal; cement; plastic; glass;
Gases: oxygen; air; steam; nitrogen;Languages: English; French; PersianGroups: baggage; luggage; machinery;scenery; cash; clothing; jewelry;Academic field of study: physics;mathematics; statistics; psychometrics;medicine; dentistryNames of sports: football; chess; darts;
Names of diseases or illnesses: mumps;measles; flu; smallpox; malaria; typhoid;gastritis; blephritisMetals: gold; silver; copper; leadAbstract nouns: beauty; relief; suspicion;information; management;Verbs ending in--ing: swimming; coughing;surfing; flying; merging; shopping; parking;campingOthers: damage; furniture; equipment;furniture; homework; mail; traffic
Collective nouns: words for a group ofpeople, animals, plants, or objects as a singleunitArmy, audience, board, committee, crew,family, jury, staff, team, class, crowd, enemy,faculty, flock, folk, government, herd,majority, minority, orchestra, press, public,the Air Force, the BBC, the Senate, Congress,Parliament, bank, choir, firm, union, school,ministry, party
Collective nouns are countablea. A welcoming committee greetsnewcomers to the neighbourhood.b. Civil servants give evidence toparliamentary committee and otherofficial inquiries.2. Collective nouns are followed by eithersingular or plural verbsEditorial board has/have decided to rejectyour paper.1.
Like collective nouns, unit nouns are alsocountableA slice/slicesUnlike collective nouns, unit nouns refer toseparate instances of a phenomenonCompare: A pack of wolves, but an item of newsUnlike quantifying collectives, unit nouns arealways followed by an of uncountable nounsCompare: a set of factors, but a sprinkling of snow
Noun noun: log book; football match;motherboard; gas station; restroom; waste-binAdjective noun: common practice;highway; blueberry; whiteboardPossessive noun noun: doctor’s office;singer’s bodyguard; men’s room; gentshairdressing shop;Verb noun: cookbook; swimsuit;pickpocket
Noun verb: handshake; lifeguard;Gerund noun: dining room; swimmingpool; parking lot;Noun gerund: windsurfing; Thanksgiving;ethnic cleansing; air conditioning;Preposition noun: by-product; overalls;Verb preposition/adverb: push-up; sit-up;break-out; breakdown; downtownNoun prepositional phrase: commander-inchief; brother-in-law;
1.2.1.2.3.4.5.Subject of the verbMom is cooking in the kitchen.Enemy fighters shot down his plane.Object (of the verb)Direct object: He lent me his book.Indirect object: I sold him my bicycle.Cognate object: He lived a happy life.Object of preposition: He was sitting in the sittingroom.Prepositional object: She frowned at the youngman.
Complement1. Subjective complement:The Catcher in the Rye is an American novel.He is the English department head.2. Objective complement:Students elected him the chairperson.We called him a coward.
1.2.1.2.Appositive:Earnest Hemingway, the famous Americanshort story writer and novelist, won theNoble prize.The US poet and short story wrier EdgarAllen Poe most is famous for his strange,frightening stories about death and evilpowers.Vocative or direct addressEdward, open the window please!Hold these books for a second please, David!
1.2.3.Noun adjunctBabies are fond of playing with toy guns.These youngsters work 70 meters belowground level.His house was surrounded by high stonewalls.
1.2.3.4.5.Singular and plural nounsPlural nounsRegular pluralsIrregular pluralsSpecial pluralsDistributive pluralsOthers
In English, nouns are made plural by mputercomputersPagerpagersMp 5 playermp 5 players
Words ending in—y preceded by a consonantchange to—i and ybabiesFerryferriesFlyflies
Words ending in –ch, sh, x, s(s), or zz aremade plural by adding lassesBuzzbuzzesChurchchurchesWaltzwaltzes
Words ending in a single—o are also madeplural by adding tatoesEchoechoes
Words ending in –f(e)Foreign pluralsPlurals by changing a vowel
They change into “ves” when they are made ThiefthievesHalfhalvesLeafleavesElfelves
They vary according to the origin of thewords (these are mostly Greek or Latinwords).1. Words ending in—is thesesParenthesisparenthesesOasisoases
2. Words ending in—um and on mena3. Words ending in—a become-aeFormulaformulaeVertebraverterbrae
4. Words ending in--us become—iFungusfungiFocusfociRadiusradii5. Words ending in—ex or ix become –icesAppendixappendicesIndexindices6. Words ending in—eau become—eauxPlateauplateauxBureaubureaux
Some nouns are made plural by a miceLouseliceToothteeth
Compound nouns1. The last word is usually made pluralCar parks; road bridges; bookshelves2. Both parts are made plural when compoundsare made up with man and womanMen drivers; women players3. The noun is made plural when the compound ismade up with prepositions or a noun er adverbsPrisoners of war; editors-in-chief; passers-by;lookers-on; runners-up
Letters of alphabets, dates, and abbreviationsare made plural by adding-sTwo As; 1960s; MpsChild, brother, ox, person, penny and diehave the following plurals:Children; brethren; oxen; people; pence; dice
1.a.b.c.d.ModifiersDeterminersArticles: a, an, the: a book, an orange, thestudentsPossessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its,our, your, their; your bicycle; their housesDemonstratives: this, that, these, those: thistree, those carsQuantifiers: all, each, some, no, enough:enough money, some sugar
e. Cardinal and ordinal numbers: one/first; twosecond; three/third; four/fourthOne country/the first country/ three libraries; thethird libraryf. Adjectives, present and past participles, nounsacting as adjectives: nice job/ smiling faces/given conditions/ door handle2. Prepositions: in, on, over, down, up etcIn the car, down the village, up the river
Like collective nouns, unit nouns are also countable A slice/slices Unlike collective nouns, unit nouns refer to separate instances of a phenomenon Compare: A pack of wolves, but an item of news Unlike quantifying collectives, unit nouns are always followed by an of uncountable nouns
NUMBER NOUNS O Singular nouns name only one person, place, thing, or idea. (student, school, toy, lesson, dress) O These nouns stay singular. (corn, sugar) O Nouns that name more than one person, place, thing, or idea are called plural nouns.Most singular nouns can be changed to a plural noun by adding -s or -es.(students, schools, toys, lessons; dresses)
1. The Arabic Aphabet 4 2. Vowels 5 3. Other Accents 8 Part II: NOUNS 4. The Word 9 5. Prepositions 10. 6. The Nouns 12 7. Nouns: Singular Form 15 8. Nouns: Dual Form 16 9. Nouns: Plural Form: Unbroken 18 10. Nouns: Plural Form: Broken 20 11. Detached Pronouns I 22 12. Detached Pronouns II 2
Nouns that do not change between singular and plural Nouns with no singular form Nouns with no plural form Animal names with two plural forms Plurals of compound nouns Normal Nouns Normal nouns are made plural simply by adding an s. Because normal nouns are very numerous, this is a
The Definition of (Common) Nouns and Proper Nouns Abelard Saragossà DOI: 10.2436/15.8040.01.26 Abstract This article defines common and proper nouns (§5) on the basis of traditional grammars (Grevisse, 1936; Fabra, 1956; §3). The definitions offer two justifications: proper nouns are syntactically equivalent to common nouns
Unit 2: Nouns Lesson 8 Nouns: Proper and Common A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. There are two basic kinds of nouns: common nouns and proper nouns. A common noun names any person, place, thing, or idea. A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea. It may consist of
Plural Nouns 1 Most nouns can be both singular and plural. Singular nouns name one thing, for example: cow, peach, mother-in-law. Plural nouns name more than one thing, for example: cows, peaches, mothers-in-law. Most plural nouns are forme d by adding 's' or 'es' to the singular noun, for
Dec 07, 2017 · Identifying nouns Nouns are defined as naming a person, place, thing, or an idea. Circle if the following are nouns: tree when beds glass said slowly factory ticket boxes almost More practice, underline the nouns
The Curriculum and Instruction Department . Mukilteo School District . Independent Daily Reading Goal: To practice reading at your independent reading level. Directions: 1. Read a book at your independent reading level. 2. Have a family member ask you 2-3 questions and discuss the story with them. 2nd Grade Fiction Questions What did you picture as you read this story? What words or phrases .
