M12 C12.qxp 3/20/08 11:31 AM Page 457 CHAPTER 12
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 457C H A P T E R 12NERVOUS SYSTEMCHAPTER CONTENTSMEDIA LIBRARYLECTURE NOTES457Objective 1: Combining forms and suffixesObjective 2: Spell and pronounceObjective 3: OrgansObjective 4: NeuronObjective 5: Central peripheral, autonomic nervous systemsObjective 6: Word buildingObjective 7: VocabularyObjective 8: PathologyObjective 9: Diagnostic proceduresObjective 10: Therapeutic proceduresObjective 11: PharmacologyObjective 12: ORKSHEETSQUIZZES473479ANSWER KEYS493MEDIA LIBRARYStudent DVD-ROM Twelve different interactive learning gamesFlash card generatorAudio GlossaryProfessional Profile video—ElectroneurodiagnosticsBody RhythmsTerminology TranslatorCompanion Website Multiple Choice, True/False, and Fill-in-the-Blankpractice questions Labeling exercises Case study Additional Professional Profile information New York Times link for research into specificpathologies Web Destination activities Audio Glossary Link to VangoNotes Link to drug updatesIRDVD Animations 3D interactive animation of brain anatomy Multiple sclerosis Drag-and-drop labeling activity Central Nervous System
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 458 Videos Epilepsy Tonic-clonic seizure Absence seizure Parkinson’s disease Electrodiagnostic technician Digital library of all figures from text chapter, labeledand unlabeled Test bank with 200 objective questions per chapterplus two short answer questions 20 classroom response questions PowerPoint presentation for classroom or onlineutilizationOBJECTIVE 1Identify and define the combining forms and suffixes introduced in this chapter.Text page: 388; PowerPoint slides: 6–9TEACHING STRATEGIESLECTURE NOTESCombining umcerebrumbraingluemedulla oblongatameningesmeningesspinal cordnervespeechgray matterponsnerve rootthalamussheath (meninges)brain ventriclepain, sensitivityfeeling, sensationweaknessspeechparalysismuscle coordination Encourage/remind students to add newword parts to their flash cards.Medical Terminology Bee Create PowerPoint flash cards of new combining forms and suffixes presented in thischapter; have all students stand and thendefine word part; if student is correct, he orshe remains standing; if student is wrong,he or she sits down; continue until onlyone student is standing.LEARNING ACTIVITIESWorksheet 12A New Combining Form and SuffixHandoutWorksheet 12B Medical Term AnalysisQuiz 12A May be used as a worksheetText Practice ExercisesStudent DVD-ROM Learning games Make flash cardsCW Practice questionsASSESSMENTSQuiz 12A—New Word Parts QuizTest Bank—Fill-in-the-Blank questions458Chapter 12/NERVOUS SYSTEM 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 459OBJECTIVE 2Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms and major anatomical structures relating to the nervous system.LECTURE NOTESTEACHING STRATEGIESPronunciation for medical terms in this chapter can be found: In parentheses following key terms In the Audio Glossary on Student DVD-ROM In the Audio Glossary at Companion WebsiteEmphasize to students: Importance of correctly spelling terms. How sounding out terms can assist inlearning how to spell the terms.Say each new term in class and have studentsrepeat it.Pop Questions Use Clicker questions as either a pretest orposttest quiz to gauge student comprehension of spelling strategies.LEARNING ACTIVITIESWorksheet 12B Medical Term AnalysisTerminology Checklist Can be used to practice pronunciationusing the Audio Glossary as referenceText Practice ExercisesFlash cards Look at the definition and write out/pronounce termsStudent DVD-ROM Audio Glossary Spelling Challenge game Crossword and Word Search puzzlesASSESSMENTSQuiz 12B—Spelling QuizSuggested terms:1. neurotransmitter 12.2. synapse13.3. neuroglial14.4. meninges15.5. diencephalon16.6. arachnoid17.7. parasympathetic 18.8. anesthesiology19.9. radiculopathy20.10. hydrocephalus11. paresthesiaTest Bank—questions 2009 Pearson Education, graphyendarterectomyChapter 12/NERVOUS SYSTEM459
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 460OBJECTIVE 3Locate and describe the major organs of the nervous system and their functions.Text pages: 390–395; PowerPoint slides: 10; 22–50LECTURE NOTES Responsible for coordinating all activity of body; first receives information from both external and internal sensory receptors; thenuses information to adjust activity of muscles and glands to matchneeds of body Nervous system subdivided into central nervous system (CNS) andperipheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord; sensoryinformation comes into central nervous system, where it isprocessed; motor messages then exit central nervous system carryingcommands to muscles and glands Nerves of peripheral nervous system are cranial nerves and spinalnerves; sensory nerves carry information to central nervous systemand motor nerves carry commands away from central nervous system All portions of nervous system are composed of nervous tissueTEACHING STRATEGIESVisual Aids Use full-size anatomical charts and modelsto illustrate different organs of nervous system, especially brain.IRDVD See PowerPoint presentation on the Instructor’s Resource DVD for a drag-anddrop central nervous system anatomyactivity; display on screen and have students discuss and place labels during class. See PowerPoint presentation on the Instructor’s Resource DVD for a 3D animation of the brain.Pop QuestionsBrain One of largest organs in body Coordinates most body activities; center for thought, memory, judgment, and emotion Each part of brain is responsible for controlling different body functions, such as temperature regulation, blood pressure, and breathing Four sections to brain: cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, andbrain stem (see . Figure 12.3) Cerebrum—largest section of brain; located in upper portion ofbrain and is area that processes thoughts, judgment, memory, problem solving, and language; outer layer of cerebrum is cerebral cortex, composed of folds of gray matter; elevated portions ofcerebrum, or convolutions, are called gyri and are separated by fissures, or valleys, called sulci; is subdivided into left and right halvescalled cerebral hemispheres; each hemisphere has four lobes;see . Figure 12.4:1. Frontal lobe: most anterior portion of cerebrum; controlsmotor function, personality, and speech2. Parietal lobe: most superior portion of cerebrum; receives andinterprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors and interpretslanguage3. Occipital lobe: most posterior portion of cerebrum; controlsvision4. Temporal lobe: left and right lateral portion of cerebrum; controls hearing and smell Diencephalon—located below cerebrum, contains two of most critical areas of the brain, thalamus and hypothalamus; thalamus iscomposed of gray matter and acts as center for relaying impulsesfrom eyes, ears, and skin to cerebrum; pain perception is controlledby thalamus; hypothalamus located just below thalamus controlsbody temperature, appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions; hypothalamus is responsible for controlling autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, and release ofhormones from pituitary gland460Chapter 12/NERVOUS SYSTEM Use Clicker questions as either a pretest orposttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.LEARNING ACTIVITIESWorksheet 12C Chapter ReviewText Labeling exercises 12.A & 12.B2 Practice ExercisesStudent DVD-ROM Labeling exercises Learning gamesCW Labeling exercise Practice questionsQuiz 12D May be used as worksheetASSESSMENTSQuiz 12D—Labeling DiagramsTest Bank—questions 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 461 Cerebellum—second largest portion of brain; located beneath posterior part of cerebrum; aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium; cerebellum refinesmuscular movement that is initiated in cerebrum Brain stem—area has three components: midbrain, pons, andmedulla oblongata; midbrain acts as pathway for impulses to beconducted between brain and spinal cord; pons—term meaningbridge—connects cerebellum to rest of brain; medulla oblongata ismost inferior positioned portion of brain; connects brain to spinalcord; area contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure; also site where nerve tracts cross fromone side of brain to control functions and movement on other sideof body; with few exceptions, left side of brain controls right side ofbody and vice versa Ventricles—brain has four interconnected cavities; one in each cerebral hemisphere, one in thalamus, and one in front of cerebellum;contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), watery, clear fluid provides protection from shock or sudden motion to brain and spinal cordSpinal Cord Function is to provide pathway for impulses traveling to and frombrain Column of nervous tissue; extends from medulla oblongata of braindown to level of second lumbar vertebra within vertebral column 33 vertebrae of backbone line up to form continuous canal forspinal cord called spinal cavity or vertebral canal See . Figure 12.5 Also protected by cerebrospinal fluid; flows down center of spinalcord within central canal; inner core of spinal cord consists of cellbodies and dendrites of peripheral nerves and therefore is gray matter; outer portion of spinal cord is myelinated white matter; whitematter is either ascending tracts carrying sensory information up tobrain or descending tracts carrying motor commands down frombrain to peripheral nerveMeninges Three layers of connective tissue membranes; surround brain andspinal cord See . Figure 12.6 From external to internal, meninges are:1. Dura mater: meaning tough mother ; forms tough, fibrous sacaround central nervous system2. Subdural space: actual space between dura mater and arachnoidlayers3. Arachnoid layer: meaning spider-like; thin, delicate layer attached to pia mater by web-like filaments4. Subarachnoid space: space between arachnoid layer and piamater; contains cerebrospinal fluid that cushions brain fromoutside5. Pia mater: meaning soft mother; innermost membrane layer andis applied directly to surface of brain and spinal cord 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Chapter 12/NERVOUS SYSTEM461
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 462OBJECTIVE 4Describe the components of a neuron.Text page: 390; PowerPoint slides: 11–19LECTURE NOTESTEACHING STRATEGIES Consists of two basic types of cells: neurons and neuroglial cells Neurons—individual nerve cells; capable of conducting electricalimpulses in response to stimulus Neurons have three basic parts: dendrites, nerve cell body, andaxon (see . Figure 12.1A) Dendrites—highly branched projections that receive impulses Nerve cell body—contains nucleus and many of other organelles ofcell (see . Figure 12.1B) Axon—neuron has only single axon; projection from nerve cellbody that conducts electrical impulse toward destination Synapse—point at which axon of one neuron meets dendrite ofnext neuron; electrical impulses cannot pass directly across gap between two neurons, called synaptic cleft; require help of chemicalmessenger, called neurotransmitter Neuroglial cells—found in nervous tissue; each has different support function for neurons; for example, some neuroglial cells produce myelin, fatty substance that acts as insulation for many axonsso that they conduct electrical impulses faster; neuroglial cells do notconduct electrical impulses.Visual Aids Use full-size anatomical charts and modelsto illustrate the structure of a nerve.Pop Questions Use Clicker questions as either a pretest orposttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.LEARNING ACTIVITIESWorksheet 12C Chapter ReviewText Labeling exercise 12.B1 Practice ExercisesStudent DVD-ROM Labeling exercise Learning gamesCW Labeling exercise Practice questionsQuiz 12C May be used as worksheetASSESSMENTSQuiz 12C—Labeling DiagramTest Bank—questionsOBJECTIVE 5Distinguish between the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system.Text pages: 390–398; PowerPoint slides: 20–21; 51–62LECTURE NOTESTEACHING STRATEGIESCentral Nervous SystemVisual Aids Brain and spinal cord Receives impulses from all over body, processes this information,then responds with an action Consists of both gray and white matter Gray matter—comprised of unsheathed or uncovered cell bodiesand dendrites White matter—myelinated nerve fibers (see . Figure 12.2); myelinsheath makes nervous tissue appear white462Chapter 12/NERVOUS SYSTEM Use full-size anatomical charts and modelsto illustrate the organization of differentparts of the nervous system.Pop Questions Use Clicker questions as either a pretest orposttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture. 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 463 Tracts—bundles of nerve fibers interconnecting different parts ofcentral nervous system Central nervous system is encased and protected by meningesPeripheral Nervous System (PNS) 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves Nerve—bundle of axon fibers located outside central nervous system that carries messages between central nervous system and various parts of body Whether nerve is cranial or spinal is determined by where nerveoriginates; cranial nerves arise from brain, mainly at medulla oblongata; spinal nerves split off from spinal cord, and one pair (left andright) exits between each pair of vertebrae Nerve root—point where either type of nerve is attached to centralnervous system Names of most nerves reflect either organ nerve serves or portion ofbody the nerve is traveling through Entire list of cranial nerves is found in Table 12.1; . Figure 12.7 illustrates some major spinal nerves in human body Most nerves carry information to and from central nervous system,individual neurons carry information in only one direction; afferentneurons, also called sensory neurons, carry sensory informationfrom sensory receptor to central nervous system; efferent neurons,also called motor neurons, carry activity instructions from centralnervous system to muscles or glands out in body (see . Figure 12.8) Ganglion—nerve cell bodies of neurons forming nerve are groupedtogether in knot-like mass; located outside central nervous system Nerves of peripheral nervous system are subdivided into two divisions, autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nerves, eachserving a different area of bodyLEARNING ACTIVITIESWorksheet 12C Chapter ReviewText Labeling exercise 12.B1 Practice ExercisesStudent DVD-ROM Learning gamesCW Practice questionsASSESSMENTSQuiz 12G—Chapter ReviewTest Bank—questionsAutonomic Nervous System Involved with control of involuntary or unconscious bodily functions May increase or decrease activity of smooth muscle found in visceraand blood vessels, cardiac muscle, and glands Divided into two branches: sympathetic branch andparasympathetic branch Sympathetic nerves control “fight-or-flight” reaction during times ofstress and crisis; increase heart rate, dilate airways, increase bloodpressure, inhibit digestion, and stimulate production of adrenalineduring crisis Parasympathetic nerves serve as counterbalance for sympatheticnerves, “rest-and-digest” reaction; cause heart rate to slow down,lower blood pressure, and stimulate digestion.Somatic Nerves Serve skin and skeletal muscles Mainly involved with conscious and voluntary activities of body Large variety of sensory receptors found in dermis layer of skin usesomatic nerves to send their information, such as touch, temperature, pressure, and pain, to brain Also carry motor commands to skeletal muscles 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Chapter 12/NERVOUS SYSTEM463
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 464OBJECTIVE 6Build and define nervous system medical terms from word parts.Text pages: 398–399; PowerPoint slides: 63–68LECTURE -plegia-taxia464Medical iculopathythalamicintrathecalMedical asiadysphasiamonoplegiaquadriplegiaataxiaChapter 12/NERVOUS SYSTEMTEACHING STRATEGIESDefinitionhead pain (headache)pertaining to cerebellumcerebellum inflammationpertaining to cerebrumpertaining to cerebrum andspinerecord of brain’s electricity Reinforce how many nervous system termscan be constructed from word parts. Read aloud chapter terms that are made upof word parts; have students identify partsand define terms, either aloud or individually on paper. Write sentences on the board using common words; have students substitute correct medical terms.Pop Questionsbrain inflammationmeninges tumorpertaining to meningesmeninges inflammationrecord of spinal cordspinal cord inflammationpertaining to nervesnerve painremoval of nervespecialist in nervesnerve tumornerve diseasesurgical repair of nervesinflammation of manynervessuture of nervepertaining to ponsnerve root inflammationnerve root diseasepertaining to thalamuspertaining to withinmeningesDefinitionabsence of pain or sensationlack of sensationsexcessive sensationsweakness of onelack of speechdifficult speechparalysis of oneparalysis of fourlack of muscle coordination Use Clicker questions as either a pretest orposttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.LEARNING ACTIVITIESWorksheet 12A New Word Parts handoutWorksheet 12B Med Term AnalysisWorksheet 12C Chapter ReviewQuiz 12E May be used as worksheetText Practice Exercises Terminology ChecklistStudent DVD-ROM Learning games Flash cardsCW Practice questionsASSESSMENTSQuiz 12E—Word Building QuizQuiz 12G—Chapter ReviewTest Bank—questions 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
M12 C12.qxp3/20/0811:31 AMPage 465OBJECTIVE 7Identify and define nervous system vocabulary terms.Text pages: 399–400; PowerPoint slides: 69–72LECTURE deliriumdementiafocal emorunconsciousDefinitionbranch of medicine specializing in anesthesia, including for surgical procedures, resuscitation measures,and management of acute and chronic pain; physician is anesthesiologistsensations, such as seeing colors or smelling unusualodor, occurring prior to epileptic seizure or migraine headacheprofound unconsciousness or stupor resulting from illness or injurycondition of being awake and aware of surroundingssevere involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations; variety of causes, such as epilepsy, fever, andtoxic conditionsabnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, and agitationprogressive impairment of intellectual function thatinterferes with performing activities of daily living;patients have little awareness of their condition;found in disorders such as Alzheimer’slocalized seizure often affecting one limbweakness or loss of motion on one side of bodyparalysis on only one side of bodybranch of medicine concerned with diagnosis andtreatment of diseases and conditions of nervous system; physician is neurologistbranch of medicine concerned with treating conditions and diseases of nervous systems by surgicalmeans; physician is neurosurgeontemporary or permanent loss of ability
Nervous system subdivided into central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord; sensory information comes into central nervous system, where it is processed; motor messages then exit central nervous system carrying commands to muscles and glands
C11.4. Information for Analysis 132 C12. CHAPTER 12 - AE BUILDING DESIGN AND LAYOUT 133 C12.1. General 133 C12.2. Building Exteriors 133 C12.3. Interiors, Walls, Roofs, and Ceilings 133 C12.4. Floors and Work Surfaces 133 C12.5. Substantial Dividing Walls 134 C12.6. Exits and Doors 134 C12.7. Emergency Egress 134 C12.8. Passageways 134 C12.9.
ANSI applicable standards C12.1, C12.10, C12.20, C12.18, C12.19, C12.21 Absolute current Continuous at 120% of meter’s maximum current Temporary (1s) at 200% of meter’s maximum current Surge voltage withstand ANSI
9 6 m12 split lock washer screwdriver 10 12 m12 flat washer hammer 11 6 m12 hex nut utility knife 12 2 m10 button head bolt * ratchet 13 2 m10 belleville washer * torque wrench 14 2 m10 serrated flange nut * prybar 15 6 m12 button head bolt * 13mm socket 16 6 m12 serrated f
Banjo Fittings Metric Banjo to Push-on Hose Metric Banjo Bolts (aluminum & steel) - standard, long and double lengths. BSP Banjo Bolts (steel) thread size UHL part # M12 x 1.0 25mm BJBM121 M12 x 1.0(2) 30mm BJBM121L M12 x 1.25 25mm BJBM1212 M12 x 1.5 24mm BJBM12 M12 x 1.5(2) 30mm BJBM12L M14 x 1.5 25mm BJBM14 M14 x 1.5(2) 31mm BJBM14L
C H S Cases, 60 Temperance Street, Manchester, M12 6DP Geoff Smith Photography, Old School House, Thirsk Street, Manchester, M12 6FW Passion Knitwear Ltd, Dark Lane, Manchester, M12 6FA Ideal Printing Services, Mill Green Street, Manchester, M12 6FB Neil Ainsworth Partnership, 115 Fairfield Street, Manchester, M12 6EL
ANSI C12.19 IPv4 or IPv6 ANSI C12.22 ANSI C12.18 TCP Other Phy ANSI C12.21 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Conducting a Standards Landscape Assessment for Smart Grid Description Language used for devices to talk Connects the device language with network communications P
M12 Electrician CLAMP GUNTM Meter - 2239-20 (Bare Tool) M12 AC/DC CLAMP COMBO with 2401-22 Drill/Driver 2239-23 M12 CLAMP-GUN Meter for HVAC/R M12 Electrician CLAMP-GUN Meter www.MILWAUKEETOOL.COM Built-in non-contact voltage detector Built-in non-contact voltage detector Large jaw
ASTM F436 HRC 38-45 HRC 38-45 (Coated) HRC 26-45 (HDG) HRC 38-46 HRC 38-45 (Coated) HRC 26-45 (HDG) 1/4 to 1 1/2 1/4 to 2 1/4 to 1 1/2 1/4 to 1 3/8. STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES 10 www.unbrako.com NBRAK U O NB U RAK O 3 0 1 R 8.8 RAKO N B U Metric Size M12 to M36 M12 to M36 M12 to M36 M12 to M
