Smart Grid Characteristics, Values, And Metrics

Smart Grid Characteristics,Values, and MetricsEPRI’s Prism Analysis:Technology Pathway for CO2 ReductionDOE Smart Grid ImplementationWorkshopJune 19-20, 2008Dr. Arshad MansoorVice President, Power Delivery & UtilizationElectric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

Smart Grid – Exchanging InformationSeamlessly Across the nConsumerInformation & Communication Enabled Power InfrastructureActing on this Information Will: 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.2

Smart Grid – Exchanging InformationSeamlessly Across the nConsumerInformation & Communication Enabled Power InfrastructureActing on this Information Will:Enable active participation by consumersAnticipate & respond to system disturbances (self-heal)Accommodate all generation and storage optionsOperate resiliently against attack and natural disasterEnable new products, services and marketsOptimize asset utilization and operate efficientlyProvide power quality for the digital economy 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.3

Metrics .Some Thoughts to TriggerDiscussionSmart Grid Metrics1. Value Metrics: Tracking the Value Created by Smart Grid2. Build MetricsCharacteristic-specific: Tracking progress in the build phase ofeach Characteristic toward its end stateSmart Grid Foundation: Tracking progress in building foundation forall 7 CharacteristicsTracking any single set of metrics does not provide a full view ofthe progress being made towards creating a smart grid 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.4

Value Metrics .No Need to Reinvent WheelValue AttributesMetrics ExamplesDistribution ReliabilityOutage Duration (SAIDI), Outage Frequency (SAIFI)Grid ReliabilityLoss of Load Probability (LOLP), Number of Major Eventsas Defined in Section 311 of the Federal Power ActPower QualityMomentary Interruption (MAIFI), Voltage Sags (SARFI),Harmonics, UnbalanceUtilizationLoad Factor (Average to Peak), Asset Utilization Factor,O&M Labor Utilization factorSustainabilityEfficiency: Delivery System Losses, Information EnabledEnd-Use Energy Efficiency; Environmental: CO2 footprintof delivery systemMarket EfficiencyExtent of participation of distributed resources in the energymarketSafetyPublic and worker safetyEPRI, Galvin Electricity Initiative, DOE Workshops – Wealth of Information to Define Value Metrics 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.5

Build Metrics:Measuring Success in Creating a Smart GridCharacteristicExampleEnabling consumerparticipationPercentage of homes with home area networksAccommodatinggeneration/storageExtent to which distributed generation and energy storage isused as a resource in the electricity sectorEnabling new marketsExtent to which DER participates in ancillary services marketPower quality for21st CenturyPercentage of reduction in costs of PQ disturbance events tothe U.S. industryOptimizing asset useExtent to which condition-based monitoring has beenemployed in the electricity sectorSelf-healingExtent to which distribution automation has been employedin the electricity sectorResilient to attackExtent to which the electricity sector is secure from theN-1 contingencyIllustrative Example of a Metric for Building a Specific Characteristic 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.6

Metrics: Building a Smart Grid ntingencySmart yInformation lityAMIProtectionSCADASystems EngineeringMethodologyThe most important and possibly the most difficult metrics toimplement and measure; well established in software and otherindustries but rarely used by the electricity sector 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.7

IntelliGrid Methodology forDevelopingRequirements for EnergySystemsTIMEMetrics: System Engineering MethodologyMethodology starts with developing requirements basedon the applications, and includes establishing testand measurement protocols 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.8

Metrics: Standards BasedCommunication InfrastructureMeteringApplication Level “Language”ANSI C12.19ANSI C12.21Application to NetworkCommunicationsANSI C12.22DescriptionLanguage used fordevices to talkConnects thedevice languagewith networkcommunicationsTCPIPv4 or IPv6TransportANSI C12.18PhysicallyTransports andRoutes themessages overthe network(s)Other PhyNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)Conducting a Standards Landscape Assessment for Smart Grid 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.9

Metrics: Information ManagementCommon Data Models to Facilitate Exchange of InformationIEC 61970/61968 Common Information Model (CIM)Enterprise Application IntegrationEMSCISANSI/IECMetering M“Middleware” “Integration Bus”TMUCATMMeter mmunicationsMeter Master Station 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.10

Metrics: SecurityConsistent Security Policies Across Various Interfaces“Wireless”“Security Policies”You Shall ProtectRevenue DataUCAMeterInc.Model 12b2 nc.Model 12b2 tionUCAEncryptionProtection 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.DeviceProtection11TMMeterInc.Model 12b2 Phase,120VAC,200ABrandZ

Metrics: Interoperability Interoperability usually defined at the 50,000ft level– “The ability of systems to provide services to and accept services fromother systems and to use the services so exchanged to enable them tooperate effectively together” [DoD 77].– “The ability of two or more systems or components to exchangeinformation and to use the information that has been exchanged”[IEEE 90]. Interoperability is not an “absolute”– Interoperability depends on architecture and the resultant requirementsspecification– There are degrees of interoperability when referring to specificapplicationsGridWise Architecture Council and EPRI InteroperabilityChecklist is a Starting Point for Quantifying Interoperability 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.12

Mapping Characteristics to MetricsOur Focus for this Workshop: Build MetricsSmart Grid CharacteristicsSmart GridMetricsProvide power quality for the digital economyOptimize asset utilization and operateefficientlyAnticipate & respond to system disturbances(self-heal)Operate resiliently against attack and naturaldisaster 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.13Metrics for building asmart grid foundationEnable new products, services, and marketsMetrics for building aspecific characteristicAccommodate all generation and storageoptionsValue metrics(not subject of workshop)Enable active participation by consumers

ANSI C12.19 IPv4 or IPv6 ANSI C12.22 ANSI C12.18 TCP Other Phy ANSI C12.21 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Conducting a Standards Landscape Assessment for Smart Grid Description Language used for devices to talk Connects the device language with network communications P