ForestryForestry
ForestryStudent Reference10-3000-SIn cooperation withAgricultural Education Department of Practical Arts and Vocational-Technical EducationCollege of Education and College of Agriculture, Food and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Missouri-ColumbiaAgricultural Education Section Division of Vocational and Adult EducationDepartment of Elementary and Secondary Education, Jefferson City, Missouri
The Importance of Forest ResourcesLesson 1: The Importanceof Forest Resourceswater, made so by forested watersheds which keep thewater clean and provide an aesthetic backdrop.Forests cover approximately 12.4 million acres ofMissouri’s total land area of 44 million acres. Approxi mately 11 million acres of this total forest area are inthe Ozark region. This is the heavily forested land wheretrees occupy 75 to 95 percent of the total land area.The remaining 2 million acres consist of scattered farmwoods throughout the state. There is always someclearing going on to make more pasture, but nature isconstantly reforesting these clearings with sprouts andseedlings. Therefore, the amount of forest lands in futureyears should remain about the same.Wildlife habitat: Forests are complex, interrelatedcommunities of plants and animals. When forests areeliminated, so are the food and cover for many speciesof wildlife. Sound management practices, which includethe proper harvesting of trees, can often enhance wildlifehabitat. Also affected are a wide variety of associatedplants.Other non-marketable benefits: In the winter, treesoutside insulate and reduce the chilling effects of wind.In summer, trees provide shade. Also, trees provide yearround windbreaks that slow wind erosion and canopycover that reduces soil erosion. These windbreaks alsoreduce cold and heat stress on livestock.Forests’ resources produce a highly diverse range ofbenefits. The most obvious of these is associated withwood products. In some parts of the state, wood indus tries are key elements in the local economy, providingjobs for a significant portion of the work force. Aside fromthese products, forests provide other valuable benefitswhich are not normally sold.Timber products: Missouri produces a great variety offorest products that are manufactured mostly from finehardwoods, shortleaf pine, and red cedar. Missouri leadsthe nation in the production of walnut for prime cabinetsand gunstocks. Missouri is also a center for producingcedar novelties and closet lining and leads the productionof white oak barrel staves and charcoal. Several millsmanufacture fine oak flooring, hickory and ash handles,and oak railroad ties. In addition, Missouri timber is usedfor veneer, fence posts, boxes, pallets, and pulpwood.Benefits of Missouri ForestsWater: Forest cover has a direct effect on the quality andavailability of water. Rain passing through the upper layerof a well-stocked forest (the canopy) is deflected by leavesand branches to the point where its speed is reduced.As it travels downward it is intercepted by other layersof vegetation until finally it hits a layer of dead leavescovering an absorbent 6 to 12 inches of organic matter.These varied market outlets and the promise of expandingfuture markets will add income to timber landowners.The future outlook for marketing quality wood fromMissouri’s 12.5 million acres of timber is bright.In this situation, substantially less run-off occurs than withother land use conditions. Water seeps into the groundand then gradually finds its way into streams or otherbodies of water, making itself available long after the rainhas ceased. Surface run-off, on the other hand, not onlymoves out of the local area quickly, but generally carrieswith it a heavy load of sediment not found in groundwater.Career Opportunities in ForestryCareers in the field of forestry are of great diversity. Allforestry occupations are concerned with developing,maintaining, cultivating, and protecting forests and wood lands, as well as with harvesting their products. Some ofthese occupations include being a professional forester, aforestry nursery person, or a Christmas tree farmer.Recreation: Forest lands provide recreational opportu nities. Much of the state’s tourism and recreationalactivities occur in the heavily forested areas of Missouri.Many of these areas also have very attractive bodies ofForest conservation occupations: These occupationsare concerned with planting tree seedlings; pruning andthinning trees to improve quality of stand; locating and1
Forestrycombating fires, insects, pests, and diseases harmful totrees; and controlling the erosion and leaching of forestsoil. Some of these tasks may be undertaken by a firewarden, forester aide, smoke jumper, fire ranger, forestfirefighter, or tree planter.Private organizations include the Missouri ChristmasTree Producers Association, National Walnut Council,American Tree Farm Program, Missouri Forest ProductsAssociation (MFPA), and Missouri Consulting ForestersAssociation.Logging and related occupations: These occupationsare concerned with felling trees and cutting them intologs or products such as cordwood, firewood, and postsusing chain saws, axes, wedges, and related tools. Someof the more common occupations concerned with thesepractices are: felling-bucking supervisor, tree-shear oper ator, bucker, logger, skidder operator, and log scales.Offices of the state forestry agencies and the countyextension service have lists of professional consultingforesters. The following descriptions of agenciesand associations (taken from University of MissouriExtension’s Agricultural Guide G5999, Forestry Assistancefor Landowners) will give an idea of the assistance whichis available.Other forestry related occupations: Many of theseoccupations are based on using, processing, and/ormarketing forest products. For example, wood machiningoccupations are concerned with shaping wooden parts.Wood processing occupations deal with wood products(such as plywood, particle board, compressed-sawdustfuel logs) and wood particles (such as chips, sawdust, andpowder), removing moisture from wood, and treatingwood with preservatives.State Forester’s Office, Forestry DivisionMissouri Department of Conservation (MDC)P.O. Box 180Jefferson City, MO 65102(573) 751-4115http://mdc.mo.gov/forest/The Missouri Department of Conservation, through itsForestry Division, offers free technical advice and servicesto land owners. The state is divided into 17 forestrydistricts with each district having professional foresters togive on-the-ground advice and assistance in tree planting,species selec tion, woodland management, fuelwoodcutting, timber stand improvement, timber sales and taxtreatment of these sales, harvesting and marketing, insectand disease detection, and woodland wildlife manage ment. Assistance with utilization and marketing of timberproducts is also available to wood industries and privatelandowners.Forestry Assistance Availablefrom Missouri AgenciesTimber growers may receive professional forestryassistance from a variety of private and public sources.No matter what your situation, there is probably anorganization or individual that can help you find publi cations, technical advice, educational programs, financialassistance, or associations to help you manage yourwoodlands.Foresters will prepare management plans and give youadvice on available financial assistance programs. Land owners can receive cost-share payments for specificforestry practices such as timber stand improvement andtree planting.Public agencies include the Missouri Department ofConservation (and its branches of the Forestry Division,the George O. White State Forest Nursery, the Wild lifeDivision, and the Fisheries Division); Missouri Depart ment of Natural Resources; Missouri Department ofAgriculture; School of Natural Resources at the Universityof Missouri; United States Department of Agriculture;and the Missouri Soil and Water Districts Commission(SWDC).Missouri Department of Natural Resources (DNR)P.O. Box 176Jefferson City, MO 65102(573) 751-3443http://www.dnr.mo.gov/2
The Importance of Forest ResourcesThe Department of Natural Resources regulates stan dards for air, water, minerals, and energy, as well asadministering the extensive system of state parks andhistoric sites in the state. Land survey staff restore originalpublic land survey corners to insure accurate location ofproperty boundaries. DNR’s soil and water conservationprogram promotes good farming practices to preventerosion and runoff. The staff assists counties in forming soiland water conservation districts to encourage watershedprotection and proper land management (see section onMissouri Soil and Water Districts Commission).renewable natural resources for landowners, industry,professionals, FFA, and 4-H and youth organizations.United States Department of AgricultureU.S. Forest ServiceMark Twin National Forest401 Fairgrounds RoadRolla, MO 65401(573) The U.S. Forest Service manages the federal lands ofthe Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri for multiplebenefits of timber, recreation, watershed protection,grazing, and wildlife. The staff at the North CentralForest Experiment Station located in Columbia conductresearch on oak culture and management. The ForestService’s State and Private Forestry Division in Broomall,Pennsylvania, cooperates with the State Forester onprograms to benefit private woodland owners.Missouri Department of AgricultureP.O. Box 630Jefferson City, MO 65102(573) 751-4211http://www.mda.mo.govThe Missouri Department of Agriculture licenses andregulates applicators of pesticides, conducts surveyswith the assistance of other state and federal agenciesto locate and control the spread of serious insect pestsand plant disease, and establishes preservative retentionstandards for treated timber products. This departmentalso aids pecan and other nut growers, fish farmers, andproduce growers in marketing their products.Missouri Soil and Water Districts Commission(SWDC)Department of Natural ResourcesP.O. Box 176Jefferson City, MO 65102(573) chool of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Missouri-Columbia103 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources BuildingColumbia, Missouri 65211(573) 882-7045http://www.snr.missouri.eduThe Missouri Soil and Water Districts Commissiondevelops statewide programs of resource conservation.These programs are administered locally by countySWDCs (co-housed with USDA Soil ConservationService). Currently, a state-funded Soil and Water Conser vation cost-share program offers financial incentives toowners of agricultural land to install erosion controlprojects and practices. Being developed is a Soil andWater Conservation loan interest-share program. Bothhave as eligible projects the establishment of protectionof woodlands.As a Land Grant Institution, the University of Missourihas three functions: teaching, research, and extension.The School of Natural Resources offers a 4 year programin fisheries and wildlife sciences; forestry; and parks,recreation, and tourism as well as graduate level programsin all of these disciplines. Faculty research focuses onnatural resource problems faced by Missouri landowners.The goal of the school’s extension staff is to ensure transferof research information to potential users. The extensionspecialists at the university provide technical informationto county extension staff and landowners, as well ashold or help coordinate educational programs regardingMissouri Christmas Tree Producers AssociationMissouri Department of ConservationP.O. Box 180Jefferson City, MO 65102(573) 751-41153
ForestryThe Missouri Christmas Tree Producers Associationis a non-profit organization of Christmas tree growersand technical persons dedicated to the promotion ofthe interests of the Christmas tree growing industry inMissouri. Objectives include advancing the productionof high quality Christmas trees, promoting researchrelated to Christmas tree production, keeping membersinformed about current research findings, conductingeducational meetings and tours of successful Christmastree plantations, sharing information and experiencesamong members, and encouraging the use of naturalChristmas trees. Members receive the midwest magazineChristmas Trees and have the opportunity to join theNational Christmas Tree Association.The Tree Farm System is a national program, sponsored bywood-using industries and coordinated by the AmericanForest Foundation to promote sound forest managementon privately owned woodlands. To qualify as a TreeFarm, your woodlands must be privately owned with 10or more acres which are managed for the productionof timber and forest products and protected from fire,insects, disease, and grazing.Your woodlands can be inspected free of charge by aforester to help you develop a management plan andto determine if your woods qualify for the Tree FarmProgram. Owners of approved woodlands receive thegreen and white Tree Farm sign to post on their land andreceive woodland management information.Walnut Council International OfficeWright Forestry Center1007 N 725 WWest Lafayette, IN 47906-9431(765) 583-3501http://www.walnutcouncil.org/andMissouri Chapter of the Walnut CouncilEvery year, Missouri Tree Farmers are recognized fortheir wise forest management though the State TreeFarm awards. Contact the State Tree Farm Program oryour local forester for more information.Missouri Forest Products Association (MFPA)611 E. Capitol, Suite 1Jefferson City, MO 65101(573) 634-3252http://www.moforest.org/The National Walnut Council is composed of walnutgrowers, university researchers, foresters, and walnutbuyers and manufacturers. The common interest ofall these individuals is growing and using black walnut.Landowners can exchange ideas, problems, and gaininformation on the planting, growing, and tending ofwalnut trees for nut, lumber, and veneer crops.The Missouri Forest Products Association providesservices to sawmill owners, loggers, wood productsmanufacturers, and forest landowners. Landowners canreceive information and services relating to markets,insurance, waste utilization, and legislation. The MFPA isalso co-sponsor of the Missouri Tree Farm Program.American Tree Farm SystemAmerican Forest Foundation1111 Nineteenth Street N.W., Suite 780Washington, D.C. 20036(202) 463-2462http://www.treefarmsystem.org/orMissouri Tree Farm ProgramMissouri Forest Products Association611 E. Capitol, Suite 1Jefferson City, MO 65101(573) Missouri Consulting Foresters Association (MCFA)P.O. Box 497Salem, MO 65560(573) g foresters furnish a variety of forest manage ment activities on a fee basis. Services include woodlandmanagement plans, timber appraisals, forest and shadetree damage appraisals, marking timber, reforestation,timber stand improvement, marketing and sale super vision, surveying, mapping, and other services. Consultants4
The Importance of Forest Resourcescan provide these services at a more intensive level andusually spend more time with individual clients than publicforesters. A listing of the consulting foresters in the stateis available from a state forester, extension forester, orthe Missouri Consulting Foresters Association.To address these concerns, the Forestry Division employsforest entomologists and pathologists to assist and trainfield foresters in the diagnosis and treatment of pestproblems.State land management: The Forestry Division isdirectly responsible for the management of 285,000acres of state-owned land and 100,000 acres of forestin the Fisheries Division and Wildlife Division. In general,lands owned by the department are managed under themultiple-use concept. Production of wood products,improvement of wildlife and fisheries habitat, providingrecreation, main taining high quality watersheds, andpreserving unique areas are the primary objectives.Programs of the Forestry DivisionThe Forestry Division in the Missouri Department ofConservation is the agency primarily responsible formanagement, restoration, conservation, and regulation offorest resources in the state. The state forestry programencompasses many programs designed to maximizeproduction on all forest lands.Fire control: Protecting forest resources from indis criminate burning is essential before any long rangemanagement program will be successful. The ForestryDivision now provides direct fire protection to nearly16 million acres and in an average year suppresses 3,500fires that burn approximately 35,000 acres. The ForestryDivision must maintain the necessary manpower, equip ment, and facilities to detect and suppress all firesoccurring within protected areas. In many forest districts,primarily in the heavily timbered Ozarks, woodland firecontrol is a significant responsibility.Urban and Community Forestry Program: Over onehalf of Missouri’s residents live in the areas of St. Louis,Kansas City, and Springfield. When residents of cities suchas St. Joseph, Joplin, and Columbia are added, it becomesapparent that Missouri has a substantial urban population.The Forestry Division provides this population with anUrban and Community Forestry Program, which has threemajor components: urban state forests, urban forestrytechnical assistance, and community forestry assistance.Advice to communities, schools, and parks falls within theCommunity Forestry Program. Unlike Urban ForestryAssistance, detailed plans may be designed for longrange vegetation planning and management. These planswill include recommendations for the selection of kindsand sizes of trees and the care of these trees or existingvegetation. During an average year, about one hundredCommunity Forestry Projects are planned around thestate.Fire prevention: Another important aspect of the fireprogram is preventing fires from starting in the firstplace. Less than 1 percent of all fires start from light ning; 99 percent are man made. A good percentage ofthese are started through carelessness, and many aredeliberately set. Prevention activities center aroundpublicity, information, education, and, in some cases, lawenforcement. During high fire danger periods the publicis informed of the necessary precautions which shouldbe taken. This information is disseminated through newsreleases, radio, and television.George O. White State Forest Nursery: Productionof tree seedlings for planting on Missouri’s private andpublic lands is the major objective of the State ForestNursery located in Licking, Missouri. Approximately14,00 seedling orders are processed in a year, and over11 million trees and shrubs are distributed. Every personliving in the state would have to plant at least two treesto reach this amount. Of these figures, some seedlings arein special bundles designed for wildlife cover, windbreaks,or conservation. These bundles contain such species asInsect and disease control: Forest protection activitiesalso extend into the area of insect and disease control.While the effects of forest fires are readily apparent,losses due to insects and diseases are much less visibleand are spread throughout the entire forest resources ofthe state.5
Forestrydogwood, redbud, Osage orange, autumn olive, blacklocust, and several species of oak.resources while also learning about many servicesavailable from the Forestry Division.Quite a bit of the nursery is devoted to shortleaf pinesfor planting on private, state, and federal lands. Seedlingsare also utilized by youth groups, garden clubs, and othersfor community plantings, and trees are distributed eachyear to all fourth grade students in the state to celebrateArbor Day. Seedlings can be ordered for a nominal costfrom November until February on a first come, first servebasis.Private land management assistance: About 85percent of Missouri’s forested acreage is owned byprivate individuals. These landowners are highly diversein t
Careers in the field of forestry are of great diversity. All forestry occupations are concerned with developing, maintaining, cultivating, and protecting forests and wood lands, as well as with harvesting their products. Some of these occupations include being a professional forester, a forestry nursery person, or a Christmas tree farmer.
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