Sociology Literature Review/ASA Citation Style Sociology .

leSociologyReview/ASACitationStyleGreen boxes contain information specific toASA formatting.Blue bubbles with dashed lines containinformation specific to writing a sociologyliterature review.Note: Thismessage can onlybe read by screenreaders. Thispaper contactsnumerouscommentsregarding ASAformatting andliterature reviewAccording to ASA formatting, theAccording to ASA formatting, thetitlepage should only include thetitle page should only include thefollowinginformation:title of thefollowinginformation:essay, name of student, name ofTitle of the Essayschool, andwordcount.*ThisNameof StudentNameofSchoolinformation should beWord Countdouble-spaced and centered on*Thisinformationshould be doublethepage.Additionally,pagespaced and centered on the page.numbers should be included onthe upper right-hand corner ofeach page.specificinformation.Ageismin the ToWorkplacenot disrupt theflow of the paper,thesecommentsJaneDoehave been movedtheHawai'ifootnotes - West O'ahuUniversitytoofon each page.Word Count: 972Page numbers should beincluded on the upper righthand corner of each page.

troductionof the literatureshould: of1.Introducethetopicthe literature review should:1. Introduce the2. Identify overall trends in what has been published on thetopic2. Identify overalltopictrends in what has been3.Includeathesisstatementthe aoverallpurpose andpublished on the topic3.statingIncludethesisthe factors discussed throughout the literature reviewstatement stating the overall purpose and the factorsThe title of the essayshould also be placed onthe second page of theessay. The title should becentered.discussed throughout the literature reviewAgeism in the WorkplaceGenerally, older workers are more likely than workers of otherages to remain unemployed long term (Barrington 2015).Literature ReviewBarrington (2015) suggests that ageist thinking is very muchComment:intersects with ageism and creates more dimensions to discriminationThisThis thesisthesisstatementstatementclearlystates statesthe mainclearlythetopicthat will bemain topic that willdiscussedbe discussedthroughout ure review.thesis statementsTypically, thesisare placed at thestatementsvery endareof theintroductoryplacedat the veryparagraph(s).experienced by aging women in the workplace.introductorypresent in workplaces across America, and more supportive,inclusive workplaces are needed for older employees. Olderwomen may be set a further disadvantage because they tend toface additional discrimination based on gender (Barrnett 2005).This literature review examines the social factors that lead to ageism inthe workplace. Additionally, it illustrates how gender discrimination alsoLiterature ReviewIn the body:In the1. Grouparticlesbody:1. Grouparticlesto:togetheraccordingtogetheraccording onclusionsofauthors,or specificof authors,or specificpurposes/objectivespurposes/objectives2.2. CompareandCompareand evaluatetheevaluate the articlesarticles or documentsor documentsComment:THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF AGEWhile age is often viewed as a purely biological process, age is socially constructed.A person's birth date dictates their chronological age, societies differ in their perceptions of what"old" means (Overall 2006). Overall (2006) illustrates the idea that age is socially constructed bydrawing on the baby boomers--the cohort of people born in the years following World War II. Thebaby boomers support this idea of age as a social construction because as they have aged,American society's definitions of "oldness" have changed. Sayings like "60 is the new 50" showthat age is more social than it is biological. While views on aging have been improving inAmerica, aging is primarily seen as being synonymous with decline, whether it be in relation tobodily function, work, skill, or productivity (Barnett 2000).ASA FormattingLevel 1 headings1. The title of AGEISM IN THE WORKPLACEintroducea newthe essayshouldbethought, alsoidea,placedonthesecondpageargument, or topic. Ageism is discrimination based on age, including negative stereotyping and prejudice and isof theessay.The title areLevel1 headingstypically targeted against those who are of older age (Jyrkinen 2014).shouldbe centered.2.helpfulbecause theyallowreadersintroduceto clearlyLevel1 headingsindicateanewa new thought, idea, sectionwithinargument,or thetopic.review.Level 1EachLevel 1headings are helpfulSubheading should bebecause they allow readersflushed left on the pageto clearly indicate a newand formatted in ALLsection withinthe review.CAPS.Comment:Each Level 1 Subheadingshould be flush left on thepage and formatted inALL-CAPS.end of ntenceThein firstthissentencein this paragraphparagraphis an isa strongan exampleexample ofofa strongtopictopic sentence.Topicsentence.Topic sentencessentencesintroduceintroducethe readerto thethe reader to thecontent that willthroughout the paragraph.follow throughoutWhen forming topicthe paragraph. Whensentences,it helpsto look atformingtopicthesentences,entire paragraphandtoit helpsask, look"Whatatis thethis entireparagraphabout?"Being ableparagraphandtoask,is thisin aanswer“Whatthis questionparagraphsinglestatementabout?”will estionin atopic sentence.single statement willhelp you formulatean effective topicsentence.content that will follow

A literature review can be challenging to write because it shouldnot be a source-by-source summary, but instead it should synthesizeor bring multiple sources together. Each paragraph within aliterature review should contain at least two sources that speak to thesame sociological factor. Your goal is to essentially highlight therelationship between sources. In other words, the goal is to discoverif researchers agree or disagree on a given factor.Literature ReviewReskin (2000) elaborates that in order to evaluate age discrimination, explanations must be grounded in conflict theory. Conflict theoryperspective posits that ageism is due to intergroup competition--where those who benefit from the systems of inequality protect their privileges sothat they may continue to reap the benefits (Reskin 2000). For instance, in the workplace, younger workers reap benefits due to positivestereotypes associated with their age, whereas older workers are disadvantaged due to the negative stereotypes associated with old age(Malinen and Johnston 2013). Several studies have shown evidence that older workers' productivity do not differ from younger workers'productivity, yet older workers are still thought to be less productive (Barrington 2015). Overall, many studies suggest ageism in the workplace isdue to intergroup competition and stereotyping based on age perception.ASA FormattingA Level 2 heading is1. Aused when one of theLevel2 headingusedmainideas ofisthepapercanwhenoneof bethebrokenmaindownfurtherideasof thepaperintocansub-sections. Level 2be headingsbroken downfurthershouldbeintotypedsub-sections.Levelin Title Case,and flushed2 italicized,headings shouldbeleft on the page.Comment:sources/groups of authors tosupport one point. Also noticethat the discussion of eachsource is concise and limited totyped in Title Case,italicized, and flushedleft on the page.Notice the way1. A literaturethat thisand allreview can be challenging toother paragraphswrite because it should not be ainclude the findings/source-by-source summary, butresearch frominstead it should synthesize orsources/bringmultiplemultiple sourcestogether.groupsof authorstoEachparagraphswithin asupportonepoint.literature review should containat leastsources thatAlsotwonoticethatspeakthetothe discussionsame sociologicaloffactor.eachYoursourcegoal is to discoverifis conciseresearchersagreeordisagreeand limited to theirona given factor.Notice therelevance2.oftheway that this and all othertopic stated in theparagraphs include thetopic sentence.findings/research from multipleComment:their relevance of the topic statedin the topic sentence.Discriminatory Hiring Practices3.Throughout the paper, take noteof how the writing is very sterileand objective. Description,The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 was aimedespecially narrative description,toward ridding workplaces of age discrimination, yet ageism still persistsinstead focuses on reportingin hiring practices (Barrington 2015). Job candidates re forty percentThroughout thepaper, take note of more likely to be contacted for an interview if the high school graduationhow the writing is date on his/her resume if more recent (Barrington 2015). Widely heldvery sterile andattitudes contribute to workplace behaviors that are discriminatoryobjective.Description,especially narrative (Malinen and Johnston 2013), and furthermore, discriminatory behaviorsdescription, is not are implicit and harder to identify compared to more explicit practicesused, and the writinginstead focuses on carried out in the past (Jyrkinen 2014). Literature suggests thatreporting “cold,workplace attitudes are still inclined to favor younger workers ashard” information.There should be an compared to older workers, regardless of the promotion ofabsence of judgementINTERSECTIONS OF AGE AND GENDERED DISCRIMINATIONor argumentative anti-discriminatory measures.statements. AllThe construction of age, along with age discrimination, affects men and women differently, wherereferences towomen face a "double jeopardy" because of their gender (Barnett 2005).situations ofphenomena being“bad,” “good,”“positive,” or“negative” should beomitted. Literaturereviews are objectivereports of thematerial and do notargue a point.is not used, and the writing"cold, hard" information. Thereshould be an absence ofjudgement or argumentativestatements. All references tosituations of phenomena being"bad," "good," or "negative"should be omitted. Literaturereviews are objective reports ofthe material and do not argue apoint.