Edexcel IGCSE 2009 - Pearson Qualifications
IGCSEPhysicsTeacher’s guideEdexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0)First examination 2011
Edexcel, a Pearson company, is the UK’s largest awarding body, offering academic andvocational qualifications and testing to more than 25,000 schools, colleges, employers and otherplaces of learning in the UK and in over 100 countries worldwide. Qualifications include GCSE,IGCSE, AS and A Level, NVQ and our BTEC suite of vocational qualifications from entry levelto BTEC Higher National Diplomas, recognised by employers and higher education institutionsworldwide.We deliver 9.4 million exam scripts each year, with more than 90% of exam papers markedonscreen annually. As part of Pearson, Edexcel continues to invest in cutting-edge technologythat has revolutionised the examinations and assessment system. This includes the ability toprovide detailed performance data to teachers and students which help to raise attainment.AcknowledgementsThis guide has been produced by Edexcel on the basis of consultation with teachers, examiners,consultants and other interested parties. Edexcel would like to thank all those who contributedtheir time and expertise to its development.References to third-party material made in this document are made in good faith. Edexcel doesnot endorse, approve or accept responsibility for the content of materials, which may be subjectto change, or any opinions expressed therein. (Material may include textbooks, journals,magazines and other publications and websites.)Authorised by Roger BeardPrepared by Phil MyersAll the material in this publication is copyright Edexcel Limited 2008
IntroductionThe Edexcel International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) in Physics isdesigned for schools and colleges. It is part of a suite of IGCSE qualifications offered byEdexcel.About this guideThis guide is for teachers who are delivering, or planning to deliver, the Edexcel IGCSE inPhysics qualification. The guide supports you in delivering the course content and explains howto raise the achievement of your students. The guide: gives essential information on the changes between this qualification and existing Edexceland other international qualifications in the subject provides details of Assessment Objectives (AO) and criteria includes a list of command words that are directly linked to the Assessment Objectives gives you an example course planner provides experimental and investigative work that should be incorporated into teaching offers you suggestions for a range of textbooks and other resources.
ContentsWhy choose this qualification?1Support from Edexcel2Section A: Qualification content3Information for Edexcel centresSection B: Assessment39Assessment overview9Assessment Objectives and weightings9Assessment summary10Command words12Using the mark scheme12Section C: Planning and teaching13Course planner13Teaching ideas — experimental and investigative work20Resources24Appendices25Appendix 1 — Physics formulae for relationships27Appendix 2 — Electrical circuit symbols29
Why choose this qualification?The Edexcel IGCSE in Physics is designed for use in schools and colleges. It is part of a suite ofthe IGCSE suite of science qualifications offered by Edexcel. The course gives students theopportunity to experience physics within the context of their general education. The design ofthe course provides a basis for progression to further study in GCE Advanced Subsidiary andAdvanced Level in Physics.The relationship of assessment and the qualifications available is shown below.Core contentBiology Paper 1Untiered2 hoursExtension Biology Paper 2Untiered1 hourIGCSE in Biology Chemistry Paper 2Untiered1 hourIGCSE inChemistry Physics Paper 2Untiered1 hourIGCSE in Physics Chemistry Paper 1Untiered2 hours Physics Paper 1Untiered2 hoursIGCSE in Science(Double Award)Go to www.edexcel.com/igcse2009 for more information about this IGCSE and relatedresources.Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0) –Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 20081
Support from EdexcelWe are dedicated to giving you exceptional customer service. Details of our main supportservices are given below. They will all help you to keep up to date with IGCSE 2009.WebsiteOur dedicated microsite www.edexcel.com/igcse2009 is where you will find the resources andinformation you need to successfully deliver IGCSE qualifications. To stay ahead of all thelatest developments visit the microsite and sign up for our email alerts.Ask EdexcelAsk Edexcel is our free, comprehensive online enquiry service. Use Ask Edexcel to get theanswer to your queries about the administration of all Edexcel qualifications. To ask a questionplease go to www.edexcel.com/ask and fill out the online form.Ask the ExpertThis free service puts teachers in direct contact with over 200 senior examiners, moderators andexternal verifiers who will respond to subject-specific queries about IGCSE 2009 and otherEdexcel qualifications.You can contact our experts via email or by completing our online form. Go towww.edexcel.com/asktheexpert for contact details.Regional officesIf you have any queries about the IGCSE 2009 qualifications, or if you are interested in offeringother Edexcel qualifications your Regional Development Manager can help you. Go towww.edexcel.com/international for details of our regional offices.Head Office — LondonIf you have a question about IGCSE 2009 and are not sure who you need to ask, email us onIGCSE2009@edexcel.com or call our Customer Services Team on 44 (0) 1204770696.TrainingA programme of professional development and training courses, covering various aspects of thespecification and examination is available. Go to www.edexcel.com for details.2Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0)– Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 2008
Section A: Qualification contentInformation for Edexcel centresThe Edexcel IGCSE in Physics has been developed by drawing on the legacy IGCSE in Physics(4420) and making a minimum of changes. These changes are detailed below. New sections on astronomy (in Double Award and Physics) and momentum (Physics only). New content on diffraction of waves. Other minor revisions. Emboldened content is in IGCSE Physics only. Tiers have been removed. Investigative skills are embedded throughout.Changes to content from the legacy Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4420)to this qualificationThe table below sets out the relationship between the legacy IGCSE in Physics qualification(4420) to this qualification.Unit/topicNew contentForces and motionStudents will be assessed on their ability to:Forces, movement andshape1.18recall and use the relationship between momentum,mass and velocitymomentum mass velocity1.19use the ideas of momentum to explain safety features1.20use the conservation of momentum to calculate themass, velocity or momentum of objects1.21use the relationship between force, change inmomentum and time takenforce change in momentumtime taken1.22understand Newton’s third law1.29associate elastic behaviour with the ability of a materialto recover its original shape after the forces causingdeformation have been removed.Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0) –Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 20083
Unit/topicNew contentForces and motionStudents will be assessed on their ability to:Astronomy1.30recall that the Moon orbits the Earth and that some otherplanets also have moons1.31understand gravitational field strength, g, and recall that itis different on other planets and the Moon to that on theEarth1.32explain that gravitational force1.33 causes the planets to orbit the Sun causes the Moon and artificial satellites to orbit theEarth causes comets to orbit the Sunuse the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radiusand time periodorbital speed 2π orbital radiustime periodv 2 π rT1.34describe how the orbit of a comet differs from that of aplanet1.35recall that the solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy describe a galaxy as a large collection of billions ofstars state that the universe is a large collection of billions ofgalaxies.ElectricityStudents will be assessed on their ability to:Energy andpotential differencein circuits2.14WavesStudents will be assessed on their ability to:Light and sound3.24describe the advantages of using digital signals rather thananalogue signals3.25describe how digital signals can carry more information3.28describe how to measure the speed of sound in air.know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate thepresence of a current in a circuit.Note: this gives the opportunity to use methods other than asimple direct method.4Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0)– Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 2008
Comparison of the content from the Cambridge InternationalExaminations (CIE) IGCSE in Physics (0625) to this qualificationAdapting from teaching the Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) course is simplified asmuch of the content of the CIE and Edexcel specifications is common to both courses.Resources that are suitable for the CIE IGCSE will, therefore, also cover most of the EdexcelIGCSE. The additional content of the Edexcel course (particularly the quantitative work) will becovered by textbooks available at this level. Schools currently teaching the CIE IGCSE shouldbe able to continue with the same schemes of work as long as they are modified to reflect thechanges in content.The table below shows how the content of the Cambridge International Examinations (CIE)IGCSE in Physics qualification (0625) maps onto the Edexcel IGCSE in Physics.Legacy CIEcontent (0625)This qualificationcontent referenceTopic 1CommentContent not in EdexcelAdditional contentN/A1.18–1.22MomentumGeneral PhysicsNewton’s third law1.30–1.35AstronomyLength and time1.2–1.7N/AN/ASpeed, velocity andacceleration1.2–1.7,1.16–1.17N/AN/AMass and weight1.15N/AN/ADensity5.2–5.3N/AN/AEffect of forces1.8–1.14,1.27–1.29N/AN/AConditions forequilibrium1.23–1.26N/AN/ACentre of mass1.24N/AN/AScalars and vectors1.10N/AN/AEnergy, work andpower4.2–4.15N/AN/AEnergy ��5.6N/AN/ATeacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0) –Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 20085
Legacy CIEcontent (0625)This qualificationcontent referenceTopic 2CommentContent not in EdexcelAdditional contentN/A5.13–5.14, 5.18Absolute zeroThermal PhysicsKelvin temperaturep/T constantStates of matter5.7–5.10N/AN/AMolecular model5.11–5.17N/AN/AEvaporation5.8N/AN/APressure changes5.19N/AN/AThermal properties5.7–5.8N/AN/AThermal energytransfer4.6–4.7N/AN/AN/AN/ATopic 3Properties ofwavesGeneral properties3.2–3.9, und3.26–3.32N/AN/AN/AN/ATopic 4Electricity andmagnetismSimple magnetism6.2–6.7N/AN/AElectrical lectric O.Uses: 3.29–3.30N/AN/A6Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0)– Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 2008
Legacy CIEcontent (0625)This qualificationcontent referenceTopic 5CommentContent not in EdexcelAdditional contentN/AN/AAtomic PhysicsRadioactivity7.4–7.12, 7.14N/AN/AThe nuclear atom7.2–7.3, 7.13,7.15–7.16N/AN/ATeacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0) –Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 20087
8Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0)– Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 2008
Section B: AssessmentThis section describes the nature of assessment for this qualification including the logistics ofexaminations and what can be expected from the Edexcel examination papers.Assessment overviewThe table below gives an overview of the assessment for this course.We recommend that you make this information available to students to help ensure they arefully prepared and know exactly what to expect in each assessment.Paper 1Physics Paper 1Percentage6623MarksTimeAvailability1202 hoursJanuary and Juneexamination seriesFirst assessment June 2011Paper 2Physics Paper 2Percentage3313MarksTimeAvailability601 hourJanuary and Juneexamination seriesFirst assessment June 2011Assessment Objectives and weightings% in IGCSEAO1: Knowledge and understanding45-55%AO2: Application of knowledge and understanding, analysis andevaluation25-35%AO3: Investigative skills20%TOTALTeacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0) –Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 2008100%9
Assessment summaryPaper 1DescriptionKnowledge and skillsPhysicsPaper 1 The time allowed for theexamination is 2 hours. There are120 marks available. The paper consists of one section.All questions are compulsory –there is no choice of questions. Allquestions will be structured.The Assessment Objectives covered inthis assessment are:AO1: 45-55%AO2: 25-35%AO3: 20%.As you progress through a questionit will become more difficult. Asyou progress through the paper thequestions will also generallyincrease in difficulty.difficulty progress through paperThis means that the end of one questionwill often be more difficult than thestart of the next question. Do not stopworking just because you get stuck onone question.10 This paper covers the full range ofgrades from G to A*. All parts of the specificationcontent except those printed in boldare covered. Although all questions will be ofthe structured type, you can expectto find some questions requiringlonger answers towards the end ofthe paper. You should take into theexamination: a black pen a pencil (for graphs) a rule an eraser a calculator.For AO1 you will be required to recalland show understanding of facts,terminology, principles, concepts andpractical techniques. You will need todraw on your knowledge to show anunderstanding of the applications andimplications of science. You will need tomake use of and present informationlogically and using appropriatevocabulary. No more than 50 per cent ofthe AO1 marks will be for direct recall.For AO2 you will be required to explainphenomena and interpret data based onyou knowledge of science. This mayinvolve unfamiliar contexts and youshould be able to use your knowledgeand apply it to work out the answer. Youwill be required to carry out calculations;in calculations it is important that youshow clearly all the steps of yourworking.For AO3 you will not be expected toneed factual recall of physics. You willneed to show that you are familiar withlaboratory apparatus and its use,including the reading of scales. You maybe asked to plan experimentalprocedures; to record results in tableand/or to plot them on a graph and drawstraight lines or curves of best fit. Youwill need to be able to offer explanationsfor results and to be able to spotanomalous results and suggestexplanations for them. You are expectedto be able to evaluate data obtained fromexperiments and experimental methodsand to suggest improvements.To obtain a high mark you will need tobe able to recall the factual content ofthe specification and apply those facts tonovel situations. You will also need tobe familiar with laboratory work and theway in which science is conducted in apractical situation.Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0)– Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 2008
Paper 2DescriptionKnowledge and skillsPhysicspaper 2 The time allowed for theexamination is 1 hour. There are60 marks available. The paper consists of one section.All questions are compulsory –there is no choice of questions. Allquestions will be structured.All three Assessment Objectives arecovered. The breakdown of marksavailable is:AO1: 45%-55% (27 to 33 marks)AO2: 25%-35% (15 to 21 marks)AO3: 20% (12 marks).As you progress through a questionit will become more difficult. Asyou progress through the paper thequestions will also generallyincrease in difficulty.difficulty progress through paperThis means that the end of one questionwill often be more difficult than thestart of the next question. Do not stopworking just because you get stuck onone question. This paper targets grades from E toA*. All parts of the specification (thosein bold and those not in bold) arecovered. Although all questions will be ofthe structured type, you can expectto find some questions requiringlonger answers towards the end ofthe paper. You should take into theexamination: a black pen a pencil (for graphs) a rule an eraser a calculator.Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0) –Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 2008For AO1 you will be required to recalland show understanding of facts,terminology, principles, concepts andpractical techniques. You will need todraw on your knowledge to show anunderstanding of the applications andimplications of physics. You will need tomake use of and present informationlogically and using appropriatevocabulary. No more than 50 per cent ofthe AO1 marks will be for direct recall.For AO2 you will be required to explainphenomena and interpret data based onyou knowledge of physics. This mayinvolve unfamiliar contexts and youshould be able to use your knowledgeand apply it to work out the answer. Youwill be required to carry out calculations;in calculations it is important that youshow clearly all the steps of yourworking.For AO3 you will not be expected toneed factual recall of physics. You willneed to show that you are familiar withlaboratory apparatus and its use,including the reading of scales. You maybe asked to plan experimentalprocedures, to record results in tableand/or to plot them on a graph and drawstraight lines or curves of best fit. Youwill need to be able to offer explanationsfor results and to be able to spotanomalous results and suggestexplanations for them. You are expectedto be able to evaluate data obtained fromexperiments and experimental methodsand to suggest improvements.To obtain a high mark you will need tobe able to recall the factual content ofthe specification and apply those facts tonovel situations. You will also need tobe familiar with laboratory work and theway in which science is conducted in apractical situation.11
Command wordsTerms used within the papers include the following. Calculate – students may be asked to perform calculations. Compare – students should offer similarities and differences between the items beingcompared. This should not be answered by writing two paragraphs that deal separately withthe two items. Describe – students should offer a response that includes the fundamental facts about theitem or process for which the description is requested. Design – students may be asked to design an experiment. Explain – students should offer a response that utilises the underlying principles andconcepts involved. Name – students should offer the name of the object or process in question. They should notdescribe or explain it. Plot/draw/complete/measure – students may be asked questions requiring them to plotdata, draw diagrams, complete tables or measure drawn apparatus. State/identify – students should offer a concise response with no explanation unless this isalso requested. Suggest – students will be expected to offer a logical response, not based on recall ofknowledge, but on applying the principles and concepts gained during the course. This maybe related to new situations or may relate to familiar situations in which there is no singlecorrect response.Using the mark schemeThe mark scheme gives the responses we expect from students. Indicative answers are given butduring the standardisation of examiners process the mark scheme is updated and expanded tocover unexpected, correct student responses.12Teacher’s guide – Edexcel IGCSE in Physics (4PH0)– Issue 1 – November 2008 Edexcel Limited 2008
Section C: Planning and teachingCourse plannerThis planning sheet is offered as a rough guide for a course that might cover 50 teaching weeksspread over five terms.Term
Schools currently teaching the CIE IGCSE should be able to continue with the same schemes of work as long as they are modified to reflect the changes in content. The table below shows how the content of the Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) IGCSE in Physics qualification (0625) maps onto the Edexcel IGCSE in Physics. Legacy CIE Comment
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