Introduction To The Silva Ranger Compass

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Introduction to the Silva RangerCompassM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Parts of the Silva Ranger Compass(Install Bull’s EyeLevel Here)Sighting MirrorMagnetic Needlewith red gLineClinometerScaleClinometer PointerM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Parts of the Silva Compass FaceClinometer Pointer (Black)Index PointerRotating bezelwith 2oincrementsClinometerscaleMeridian linesOrienting arrow withred north endM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Compass Mastery Locate North, Set local declination Measure Bearings Measure Strike and Dip of planes Measure Trend and Plunge of lines Measure Vertical Anglesomeasuring height / thickness of a featureM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

To Set Magnetic Declination:1. Determine local declination, e.g. Austin 6.5o E2. Adjust with screw on back2.1.3. Declination properly setM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

To Align Compass to North:1. Rotate Bezel until “N” aligns with Index PointerIndex Pointer2.1.2. Rotate Compass until “Redon Red”M. Helper, Jackson School ofGeosciences, UT Austin

Measuring a BearingBearing: direction from one point to another1.1. Point or sight compass in desireddirection2. Rotate Bezel until “Red on Red”3. Read Bearing at Index PointerM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin2.

Sighting a BearingSightingNotchImages from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/esagor/2674625982/1. Hold compass level, sight through notch2. Rotate Bezel to “Red on Red”3. Read Index PointerM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Recording a BearingBearing: direction from one point to anotherRecording notations: Quadrant: “S 67 W” Azimuth: “247 ”NO360NWW 270NEOO90 EOO24767SEO.180SM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Measuring StrikeStrike: A bearing that is the direction of the line ofintersection between a tilted plane and a horizontal planeAerial View: Strike of DippingStrataStrikeStrike(E.F. McBride)Image from: tmM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Measuring StrikeMeasuring a field book that defines the tilted plane of interestM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Measuring StrikeStrike: Direction of the line of intersection between atilted plane and a horizontal plane. A special bearing.StrikeBackground image: tmIndexPointer(N23oWor 337o) Compass must be horizontal (bull’s eye bubblecentered), with compass edge flush to the tilted planeM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Recording StrikeIn the picture at left, is the strike azimuth 157o or 337o?Right-hand Rule:Record the bearing in thedirection that places thedip direction of the plane tothe right (clockwise from)strike. Answer: 337oStrikeDipImages from: tmM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Measuring DipDip: The maximum slope of a plane, measured fromhorizontal. The dip direction is always perpendicular to strike.The dip direction is: The “fall line” inskiing The direction waterruns down asloping surface The direction apebble rolls down asloping surfaceWHorizontalDip Angle(E.F. McBride)M. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT AustinE

Measuring DipM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Measuring Dip2. Place compass on its side,perpendicular to strike1. Turn Bezel to E-W3. Read theclinometer,i.e. 36oM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Recording Strike (Azimuth) & DipShorthand Notation:337/36oor337/36o NE “NE” records the dipdirection, but is redundantif the right-hand rule isfollowedM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT AustinIndexPointer(N23oWor 337o)

Measuring the Trend of a Linear FeatureTrend: The bearing of a line, in the direction that itis inclined.1. Stand over the feature2. Hold the compass level3. Measure a bearing inthe direction of thelower end of the lineGlacial Striations (Maine)M. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT AustinM. J. Cooke

Measuring the Plunge of a Linear Feature1. Place the side ofthe compassparallel thefeature2. Measure theangle of the linefrom horizontalwith theclinometer, asdone for dipHorizontalPlungeGlacial Striations (Maine)M. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT AustinM. J. Cooke

Recording Trend and Plunge of a LineShorthand Notation:“25o/150”HorizontalReads:“plunges 25degrees toward abearing of 150o”Plunge 25oTrend 150oM. J. CookeM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Smart Phone Compass Apps. I-Phoneo GeolCompass 2.99o GeoID 5.99M. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Smart Phone Compass Apps. Androido “Strike and Dip”M. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Plotting Bearings with a Silva Compass(using the Silva as a Protractor)1. Set compass to bearing of interest2. Orient compass on map so black lines(“Meridian Lines”) are parallel to North3. Draw line using edge of compass as astraight edgeM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

E.g. Pace and Compass MappingTo plot a bearing from Station 1 to Station 2 of 035and show them 40m apart:o1. Set Compass to 035o3. Plot Station 2 atcorrect distanceEdge of Compassis now aligned to035o!NStation 120 metersScaleM. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin2. Align Meridian Linesparallel to Northon graph paper (map)

M. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin

Hold the compass level 3. Measure a bearing in the direction of the lower end of the line Trend: The bearing of a line, in the direction that it is inclined. Glacial Striations (Maine) M. J. Cooke . M. Helper, Jackson School of Geosciences, UT Austin 1. Place the side of the compass parallel the feature 2. Measure the

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