14.8 FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 11.0 5.0 5.9 .
FISITA World Automotive Congress 201414.8CVT - Expansion by Exceeding Expectations11.05.05.92010201120152020 History Market trends Product innovations Opportunities of electrification ConclusionFISITAWORLDAUTOMOTIVECONGRESSFrancis van der SluisBosch Transmission Technology B.V.1GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014History of Bosch Transmission Technology2February 13, 1958:Introduction DAF 600with VariomaticStart of metal pushbeltdevelopment. 1970: 1stpatent applicationCVT enters Formula 1but is banned from theraceVan Doorne’sTransmissie B.V.becomes part of Bosch2009: named BoschTransmissionTechnology B.V.1972: FoundedVan Doorne’sTransmissie B.V.Mass production of themetal pushbelt startsfor the Subaru JustyProduction milestone:25 millionth pushbelt2nd production facility:VietnamGS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Cumulative production volume – vehicle diversityCompact conventional505045Opel/GM SparkHonda Civic hybridHonda CR-ZMitsubishi LancerNissan SentraCompact CUV4040Production (Million Units)Honda InsightSuzuki SX4Compact MPV25 Mio. pushbeltproduced35Jeep Compass3030Jeep PatriotLargeconventionalMitsubishi OutlanderMitsubishi Outlander sport / RVRMidsize conventionalNissan JukeNissan Rogue / X-TrailMidsize CUVMidsize VanNissan CubeSub-compactconventional25202015Nissan MaximaNissan AltimaSuzuki KizashiHonda AccordNissan MuranoNissan NV200Nissan Versa10 Mio. pushbeltproducedStart of massproduction10105085 86 87 88 89199090 91 92 93 94199595 96 97 98 99200000 01 02 03 04200505 06 07 08 09201010 11 12 13 14 201515 161985Year3GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Top 5 best selling vehicles in the USAVehicleFE2 [MPG] FE2 [MPG]Sales 20131(Automatic)(Manual)#1 Toyota Camry3408,4846AT28-#2 Honda Accord366,678CVT3028#3 Honda Civic336,180CVT3331#4 Nissan Altima320,723CVT31-#5 Toyota Corolla302,180CVT 32/3441) Sales numbers from www.goodcarbadcar.net/2013.html2) FE numbers based on OEM data3) Next update: 2017USA is a growth market for CVT4GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.4) ECO variant31
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Market trend world - DrivelineEngine typesAutomated Transmissionsin mio. unitsin mio. unitsPC / LCV Vehicle Market113943.12.7782.56.5 42729201120152020(25.2)2020Share of electrification [%]1.9PFI13PGAMTDCT3.6Share of total number of vehicles [%]10.7CAGR 2011 - 2020: 4.2%444652CAGR 2011 - 2020: 6.9%ICE Internal Combustion Engine, PC Passenger Car, LCV Light Commercial Vehicle, CAGR Compound Annual Growth RateICE remains dominant. Shift to drivelines with high electrification level.5GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Market trend - Transmission6ATCVTAdvantages High torque capacity Smooth launch w/ torque converter Symmetric design fit for RWDAdvantages Most efficient engine operation Smooth launch and variator device Easy adaptable for HybridsDisadvantages Hydraulic losses Drag losses in clutchesDisadvantages Hydraulic losses Torque capacity limit at 450NmDCTAMTAdvantages High efficiency Easy adaptable for Hybrids Sportiveness (European view)Advantages Highest efficiency Cheapest automated transmission Resembles manual optionDisadvantages Creeping capabilities (US view) Dry clutch is problematicDisadvantages Driveability (torque interruption during shifts) NVHGS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Market trend – RegionsConclusion on market shares by regional preferencePreference Runner upNAFTAFuel consumption improvement required Smooth launch torque converter ATCVTCVTATJapanComfortable with AT and CVT CO2 legislation enforces switch to CVT Asia / ChinaLack of system commitment increases diversity Good fuel consumption at low costDCT ATCVTEUManual shifting provides sportive image DCT growing fast 7GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.ATDCT
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014CVT Market 0201520202020REST of ASIAKorea, Indonesia, Thailand0.020101.31.720152020WORLD14.811.05.0CVT production (Mio. units)**) combined volume: chain pushbelt CVT20102015Bosch foresees a strong increase of CVT production8GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.2020
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Pushbelt and pushbelt CVT productionBelt CVTProduction capacityNew location2011 2015 2019Source: OEM press releasesStrong increase of pushbelt CVT production9GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Market DriversTrends like : Urbanisation Aging population Natural resource reserves Climate change Emerging markets Efforts of the automotive industryAre driving : Mobility The demand for automated transmissions Improvement of Key Performance IndicatorsSeveral trends drive the transmission technology of the future10GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Key Performance Indicators (KPI)Comfort Fuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost Several indicators define the performance of the pushbelt CVT11GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Comfort Viewpoint US consumer - 2013 JD power IQS (FWD vehicles)IQS: Initial Quality StudySM rough shifts erratic shifts shifts at wrong times hesitation noisesBetterJD Power IQS [pp100]252019.2151057.6Belt CVT4.13.93.42.91.90Transmission typesIQS: Initial Quality Study, PP100: reported Problems Per 100 vehicles after 90 days of ownershipComfortof thepushbeltCVTofiscomfortwell acceptedOEMsvaluethe leveloffered by USthe customersCVT12GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Fuel Economy Fuel consumption latest CVT applications over vehicle classes1,2Mitsubishi MirageToyota iQNissan versaToyota CorollaNissan AltimaHonda AccordAudi A4MiniLightCompactMediumHeavy1) Data from www.fueleconomy.gov 2) According NHTSA classification by curb weightLatest CVT applications show good performance in every vehicle class13GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Fuel Economy Driveline losses - Energy distribution over ineTransmissionEngineidle ission(8%)Road (16%)Measures in the transmission influence ICE and transmission loss14GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Fuel Economy – Engine performance ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost Improve engine performance by ratio coverage increase - belt requirementsSmaller running radius elements Smaller bending radius loops Improved clearance angle Allow an increase of ratio coverage Running radiusClearance angleBendingradiusEngine performance is improved by belt measures that increase ratio coverage15GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Fuel Economy – Transmission loss ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost Losses in the variator110%2/35445%111%32%Difference in inheightDifferencerunning ureElement-pulley and element-loop friction are main variator losses16GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.5
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Fuel Economy – Transmission loss Increase variator efficiency by increased element-pulley friction10%545%13Clamping force232%Element-pulleyElement-pulley2%Variator efficiency [%]49511%slipregion0.12Margin0.1094 oil tor& belt(1981)NewVariator& belt19852012Clamping force [kN]FutureVariator& beltFutureTimeIncrease of element-pulley friction enables reduction of all frictional losses17GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Fuel Economy – Transmission lossIncrease variator efficiency by reduced internal belt loss10%Ultimate efficiency increase5445%1211%31.0 0.2 mm2%1mm232%Recessed entElement-elementBearingsBearingsMeasured efficiency increase [%] -0.20.40.2-0.5mmOD0.8 1 1.21.6Speed ratio [-]22.4LOWGeometrical changes of the element design enable reduction of internal loss18GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Power Density New Ti-free loop material new failure mode Nitrided zoneResidual fractureDimple structure LoopFatigue fractureFatigue structure Fatigue initiation Surface defects TiN inclusionInitiationareaNew failure mode for Ti-free material means further optimization is possible19GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 Power Density Further optimized Ti-free maraging steel loop materials* :Ti-free Reduce Co Add Al Add Cr prevent TiN inclusions to improve fatigue strengthcost sensitive elementincrease hardness & tensile strengthincrease compressive residual stress surface layerPrevious : DurimphyCurrent : Phytime18%New alloys90.45 00Ni Co Ti Al CrElements (balance: Fe)% 18160Ni Co Ti00% 18Al Cr50Ni Co Ti11Al CrFe Iron, Ni Nickel, Co Cobalt, Ti Titanium, Al Aluminium, Cr Chromium content in [%], * also see presentation Bosch/Bert PenningsContinuous material research improves power density of the pushbelt20GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 NVH Polygon effect “p”Pitch distance elements “t” Running radius “r” Passing frequency Local differences in element speed Effect on speed differencesmaxrtpvmaxvmax vmin 100%vmaxvmin“p”Principlep 1st pushbelt (1985)VDT blockbelt (1970)rminrmaxCurrentbeltsThe polygon effect dominates the NVH behaviour of the pushbelt variator21GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
ComfortFuel Economy Power Density NVH Cost FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014 NVH NVH improvement by consequent research1New measurements methods Planar Nearfield Acoustic Holography (PNAH) Optimal sequence of elements with varying thickness t1 and t2 Strong reduction of NVH2Acoustic hologram (PNAH)Excitation at pulley eigenfrequencyAmplitudeSecondary pulleyt1Primary pulley1 alsot270%100%Pulley speed [rpm]see presentation Bosch/Erik van der Noll element thickness not on scale2Further improvements in variator NVH behaviour underway22GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Latest introductions with pushbelt CVTMitsubishi Mirage1.2ltr – 100Nm Jatco CVT7 Bosch 24/6 belt Chevrolet Spark1.2ltr – 113Nm Jatco CVT7 Bosch 24/9 belt Nissan AltimaHonda Civic1.8ltr – 175Nm Honda CVT Bosch 24/12 belt 2.5ltr – 250Nm Jatco CVT8 Bosch 28/12 belt Pushbelt performance supports excellence of new customer products23GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014The next generation Three stories recently in the news :Small EV : Availability increases. Driving range needs to be improved. PHEV SUV : Popular with company car driver. Gasoline usage too large.: Holland to build 600MW wind park. Fear for “horizon pollution”. Energy 222km169km110km100km76km0IdealCity trafficHighway trafficWinter stop&goHeavy traffic stop&go50100 150 200EV driving range [km]250The electric era is coming – but issues on multiple levels to be overcome24GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014The next generation A good product A healthy business case A customer Three needs for a successful product : Also for electrified driveline, customer acceptance is based on KPIComfortFuel economyPower densityNVHCost Driveability - Shift comfort Start-stop and launch behaviour Driving range in all cycles Downsized engine/E-motor Optimal engine/motor operation at every speed Continuous energy recuperation Low speed-high torque capability Compact Reduced weight Low noise No shift shocks Continuous Carry-over parts with conventional driveline Reduced size E-motor/power electronics/battery Mild & full hybrid option - modular Solution:CVT andparallelhybridKPI remain essential for acceptance next generation electrified products25GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014The next generation Example Honda Jazz hybrid*SM1.4L i-DSI i-VTEC engine Continuously Variable Transmission 24/12 PushbeltBetterFuel consumption [%] lCVTHybrid CVT* Europe, NEDC combined fuel economyKPI remain essential for acceptance next generation electrified products26GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 2014Conclusions The pushbelt CVT has become a strong transmission option This success is based on the Key Performance Indicators comfort,fuel efficiency, NVH and power density The introduction of new pushbelt types continue to set the next milestones Bosch dedicates itself to a continuing effort to improve the pushbelt variatorBosch will continue to support the Success of the Pushbelt CVT27GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
FISITA World Automotive Congress 201428GS-CT/NE June 2014 Robert Bosch GmbH / Bosch Transmission Technology B.V. 2014. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,exploitation,
2010 2011 2015 2020 . Jeep Compass Jeep Patriot Mitsubishi Outlander Mitsubishi Outlander sport / RVR Nissan Juke Nissan Rogue / X- Trail Nissan Cube . Cheapest automated transmission .
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Gurukripa’s Guideline Answers for Nov 2016 CA Inter (IPC) Advanced Accounting – Group II Exam Nov 2016.2 Purpose / Utilisation Loan Interest Treatment 3. Working Capital 4 0.10 Written off to P&L A/c as Expense, as per AS – 16. 4. Purchase of Vehicles 1 0.025 Debited to Profit and Loss A/c. (Assumed immediate delivery taken and it is ready for use and hence not a Qualifying Asset) 5 .
