Suetonius The Twelve Caesars - World Public Library

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SuetoniusThe Twelve Caesars

Translation 2010 A. S. Kline, All Rights ReservedThis work MAY be FREELY reproduced, stored and transmitted, electronically or otherwise, forany NON-COMMERCIAL purpose.

ContentsTranslator’s NoteBook One: Julius Caesar (later deified)Book One: I Early LifeBook One: II First CampaignBook One: III Return to RomeBook One: IV The Dolabella Trial, Rhodes and AsiaBook One: V Military Tribune in RomeBook One: VI Family EulogiesBook One: VII His DestinyBook One: VIII The Italian ColoniesBook One: IX ConspiracyBook One: X Wooing the MassesBook One: XI Political In-fightingBook One: XII The Trial of Gaius RabiriusBook One: XIII Pontifex MaximusBook One: XIV The Catiline ConspiracyBook One: XV PraetorBook One: XVI Support from the CommonsBook One: XVII Accusations of Complicity in the Catiline ConspiracyBook One: XVIII Further SpainBook One: XIX Consulship: Strategic AlliancesBook One: XX The ‘Consulship of Julius and Caesar’Book One: XXI Alliance with PompeyBook One: XXII Governor of GaulBook One: XXIII Threat of ImpeachmentBook One: XXIV Power Base in GaulBook One: XXV Campaigns in Britain and Beyond the RhineBook One: XXVI Mounting AmbitionBook One: XXVII Buying FavourBook One: XXVIII Opposition from Marcus Claudius MarcellusBook One: XXIX An Appeal to the SenateBook One: XXX The Eve of Civil WarBook One: XXXI Advance to the RubiconBook One: XXXII The Die is CastBook One: XXXIII Exhorting the TroopsBook One: XXXIV Victory in SpainBook One: XXXV In Pursuit of Pompey

Book One: XXXVI Victory despite Set-backsBook One: XXXVII His TriumphsBook One: XXXVIII His Gifts to the Soldiers and PeopleBook One: XXXIX His Public EntertainmentsBook One: XL His Reform of the CalendarBook One: XLI His Reform of the Administration and Electoral SystemBook One: XLII Other ReformsBook One: XLIII His Administration of JusticeBook One: XLIV His Civil ProjectsBook One: XLV His Appearance and DressBook One: XLVI His ResidencesBook One: XLVII His AcquisitivenessBook One: XLVIII His Household ManagementBook One: XLIX His Relationship with King NicomedesBook One: L His Affairs with Roman WomenBook One: LI His Reputation ElsewhereBook One: LII His Royal Love AffairsBook One: LIII His Food And DrinkBook One: LIV His CupidityBook One: LV His OratoryBook One: LVI His WritingsBook One: LVII His Physical Skills and Powers of EnduranceBook One: LVIII His Sound Judgement on CampaignBook One: LIX His Lack of SuperstitionBook One: LX His Battle TacticsBook One: LXI His HorseBook One: LXII His Rallying of the TroopsBook One: LXIII His Self-Possession after PharsalusBook One: LXIV His Self-Possession at AlexandriaBook One: LXV His Handling of the TroopsBook One: LXVI His Exhortations to the ArmyBook One: LXVII His IndulgenceBook One: LXVIII His Troops Loyalty and CourageBook One: LXIX His Reaction to Mutiny at PlacentiaBook One: LXX His Handling of the Tenth Legion at RomeBook One: LXXI His Devotion to his DependentsBook One: LXXII His Kindness to his FriendsBook One: LXXIII His Reconciliation with Ex-OpponentsBook One: LXXIV His ClemencyBook One: LXXV His Acts of Mercy in Warfare

Book One: LXXVI His Abuse of PowerBook One: LXXVII His Public ArroganceBook One: LXXVIII The Defining MomentBook One: LXXIX Caesar and the KingshipBook One: LXXX The ConspiracyBook One: LXXXI Warnings and PortentsBook One: LXXXII The AssassinationBook One: LXXXIII The WillBook One: LXXXIV The FuneralBook One: LXXXV The Aftermath of the FuneralBook One: LXXXVI His Anticipation of DeathBook One: LXXXVII His Wish for a Swift EndBook One: LXXXVIII The CometBook One: LXXXIX The Fate of the ConspiratorsBook Two: Augustus (later deified)Book Two: I The OctaviiBook Two: II His Paternal AncestorsBook Two: III His FatherBook Two: IV His Maternal AncestorsBook Two: V His BirthBook Two: VI His NurseryBook Two: VII His Various NamesBook Two: VIII A Brief Summary of His LifeBook Two: IX His Involvement in Civil WarBook Two: X MutinaBook Two: XI Claims Against Him of TreacheryBook Two: XII His Desertion of the Senatorial PartyBook Two: XIII PhilippiBook Two: XIV PerusiaBook Two: XV The Aftermath of PerusiaBook Two: XVI SicilyBook Two: XVII His Victory over Antony and CleopatraBook Two: XVIII The Tomb of Alexander the GreatBook Two: XIX Rebellions and ConspiraciesBook Two: XX His Imperial CampaigningBook Two: XXI His Consolidation of EmpireBook Two: XXII Peace and TriumphsBook Two: XXIII The Defeats of Lollius and VarusBook Two: XXIV His Use of DisciplineBook Two: XXV His Soldiers

Book Two: XXVI His ConsulshipsBook Two: XXVII Triumvir, Tribune, CensorBook Two: XXVIII Sole RulerBook Two: XXIX Public WorksBook Two: XXX Civic ImprovementsBook Two: XXXI Religious Reforms and MemorialsBook Two: XXXII Security and Legal ReformsBook Two: XXXIII His Administration of JusticeBook Two: XXXIV Revision of the LawsBook Two: XXXV Reform of the SenateBook Two: XXXVI Reform of the AdministrationBook Two: XXXVII Extensions to Public OfficeBook Two: XXXVIII Maintenance of Military CapabilityBook Two: XXXIX Examination of the KnightsBook Two: XL Electoral and Citizenship ReformBook Two: XLI His Financial GenerosityBook Two: XLII His Disregard for PopularityBook Two: XLIII His Public EntertainmentsBook Two: XLIV His Regulation of SpectatorsBook Two: XLV His Presence at the GamesBook Two: XLVI His Encouragement of Population IncreaseBook Two: XLVII His Administration of the ProvincesBook Two: XLVIII His Control of Defeated KingdomsBook Two: XLIX His Military DispositionsBook Two: L His Personal SealBook Two: LI His Clemency and ModerationBook Two: LII His Refusal of HonoursBook Two: LIII His Public MannerBook Two: LIV His Tolerance of Free-SpeechBook Two: LV His Tolerance of LibelBook Two: LVI His Respect for Established Law and CustomBook Two: LVII Public Marks of AffectionBook Two: LVIII Father of the CountryBook Two: LIX Offerings and CommemorationsBook Two: LX Tributes from the KingdomsBook Two: LXI Domestic and Private Life: His Mother and SisterBook Two: LXII His MarriagesBook Two: LXIII His Daughter JuliaBook Two: LXIV His GrandchildrenBook Two: LXV Deaths and Scandal

Book Two: LXVI His FriendshipsBook Two: LXVII His Slaves and FreedmenBook Two: LXVIII Accusations of Homosexuality and EffeminacyBook Two: LXIX His AdulteriesBook Two: LXX His Other VicesBook Two: LXXI His ReputationBook Two: LXXII His Moderate LifestyleBook Two: LXXIII His Simple Clothes and FurnishingsBook Two: LXXIV His Dinner PartiesBook Two: LXXV His Sense of HumourBook Two: LXXVI His FoodBook Two: LXXVII His DrinkBook Two: LXXVIII His Sleeping HabitsBook Two: LXXIX His AppearanceBook Two: LXXX His Physical Blemishes and WeaknessesBook Two: LXXXI His Major IllnessesBook Two: LXXXII His Care of His HealthBook Two: LXXXIII His Exercise and DiversionsBook Two: LXXXIV His OratoryBook Two: LXXXV His WritingsBook Two: LXXXVI His Style of SpeechBook Two: LXXXVII His Favourite Words and PhrasesBook Two: LXXXVIII His Orthography and Cipher KeyBook Two: LXXXIX His Interest in LiteratureBook Two: XC His Superstition Regarding LightningBook Two: XCI His Attitude to DreamsBook Two: XCII His Regard for Certain OmensBook Two: XCIII His Respect for Certain Foreign ReligionsBook Two: XCIV Omens of DestinyBook Two: XCV Omens of Imminent PowerBook Two: XCVI Omens of Victory in WarBook Two: XCVII Omens of DeathBook Two: XCVIII His Last DaysBook Two: XCIX His DeathBook Two: C His FuneralBook Two: CI His WillBook Three: TiberiusBook Three: I The ClaudiiBook Three: II Good and BadBook Three: III The Livii

Book Three: IV His FatherBook Three: V BirthBook Three: VI Childhood and BoyhoodBook Three: VII Marriage and Family MattersBook Three: VIII His Civil CareerBook Three: IX His Military and Official AppointmentsBook Three: X Withdrawal from RomeBook Three: XI Retirement at RhodesBook Three: XII Under SuspicionBook Three: XIII Recall to RomeBook Three: XIV Omens of DestinyBook Three: XV Adoption by AugustusBook Three: XVI Campaigning in IllyricumBook Three: XVII Recognition in RomeBook Three: XVIII Return to GermanyBook Three: XIX Discipline and CautionBook Three: XX Triumphant Return to RomeBook Three: XXI The SuccessionBook Three: XXII The Death of PostumusBook Three: XXIII The Reading of Augustus’ WillBook Three: XXIV His AccessionBook Three: XXV Mutiny and ConspiracyBook Three: XXVI His Political DiscretionBook Three: XXVII His Dislike of FlatteryBook Three: XXVIII His Support of Free SpeechBook Three: XXIX His CourtesyBook Three: XXX His Support of the SenateBook Three: XXXI His Support of the Consuls and the Rule of LawBook Three: XXXII His Modesty and Respect for TraditionBook Three: XXXIII His Regulation of AbusesBook Three: XXXIV His Cost and Price ControlsBook Three: XXXV His Strictures Regarding Marriage and RankBook Three: XXXVI The Banning of Foreign Rites and SuperstitionsBook Three: XXXVII His Suppression of LawlessnessBook Three: XXXVIII His Dislike of TravelBook Three: XXXIX His Withdrawal to CampaniaBook Three: XL His Crossing to CapreaeBook Three: XLI His Final Retirement to CapreaeBook Three: XLII His Moral DeclineBook Three: XLIII His Licentiousness on Capri

Book Three: XLIV His Gross DepravitiesBook Three: XLV His Abuse of WomenBook Three: XLVI His FrugalityBook Three: XLVII His Lack of Public GenerosityBook Three: XLVIII Rare ExceptionsBook Three: XLIX His RapacityBook Three: L His Hatred of his KinBook Three: LI His Later Enmity Towards LiviaBook Three: LII His Lack of Affection for Drusus the Younger and GermanicusBook Three: LIII His Treatment of Agrippina the ElderBook Three: LIV His Treatment of His Grandsons Nero and DrususBook Three: LV His Treatment of His AdvisorsBook Three: LVI His Treatment of His Greek CompanionsBook Three: LVII His Inherent CrueltyBook Three: LVIII His Abuse of Lese-MajestyBook Three: LIX Satires Directed Against HimBook Three: LX His Cruelty on CapreaeBook Three: LXI The Increasing Cruelty of His ReignBook Three: LXII The Effects of Drusus the Younger’s DeathBook Three: LXIII His InsecurityBook Three: LXIV His Treatment of Agrippina and Her SonsBook Three: LXV The Downfall of SejanusBook Three: LXVI Public CriticismBook Three: LXVII His Ultimate Self-DisgustBook Three: LXVIII His Appearance and MannerismsBook Three: LXIX His Fear of ThunderBook Three: LXX His Literary InterestsBook Three: LXXI His Use of Latin for Public BusinessBook Three: LXXII His Two Attempts to Re-Visit RomeBook Three: LXXIII His DeathBook Three: LXXIV Portents of his DeathBook Three: LXXV Public Response to his DeathBook Three: LXXVI His WillBook Four: Gaius CaligulaBook Four: I His Father, GermanicusBook Four: II Piso Suspected of Germanicus’s DeathBook Four: III The Character of GermanicusBook Four: IV Germanicus’s PopularityBook Four: V The Grief at Germanicus’s DeathBook Four: VI Prolonged Mourning for Germanicus

Book Four: VII Germanicus’s ChildrenBook Four: VIII The Birth of Gaius (Caligula)Book Four: IX The Army’s Devotion to HimBook Four: X His Childhood and YouthBook Four: XI His Cruel NatureBook Four: XII ParricideBook Four: XIII His Joyous Reception by the Roman PeopleBook Four: XIV His Accession to PowerBook Four: XV His Filial Piety and Moratorium on Past ChargesBook Four: XVI His Other Inaugural ActionsBook Four: XVII His ConsulshipsBook Four: XVIII His Public Entertainments in RomeBook Four: XIX His Bridge at BaiaeBook Four: XX His Entertainments in the ProvincesBook Four: XXI His Public WorksBook Four: XXII His Pretensions to DivinityBook Four: XXIII His Treatment of his RelativesBook Four: XXIV His Incest With and Prostitution of his SistersBook Four: XXV His MarriagesBook Four: XXVI His Cruel Treatment of OthersBook Four: XXVII His Savage NatureBook Four: XXVIII His Murder of ExilesBook Four: XXIX His Morbid WitBook Four: XXX Oderint, Dum MetuantBook Four: XXXI His Desire for DisastersBook Four: XXXII His More Casual CrueltiesBook Four: XXXIII His Cynical HumourBook Four: XXXIV His Hatred of Famous MenBook Four: XXXV His Envy of OthersBook Four: XXXVI His Sexual ImmoralityBook Four: XXXVII His ExtravaganceBook Four: XXXVIII His Plunder and ExtortionBook Four: XXXIX His Auctions in GaulBook Four: XL His New Methods of TaxationBook Four: XLI His Other Nefarious Methods of Raising MoneyBook Four: XLII His Daughter’s DowryBook Four: XLIII His Expedition to GermanyBook Four: XLIV The Surrender of a British PrinceBook Four: XLV Mock WarfareBook Four: XLVI Victory Over the Sea

Book Four: XLVII Preparations for a TriumphBook Four: XLVIII An Attempt Against the LegionsBook Four: XLIX His Intentions Towards the SenateBook Four: L His Appearance and HealthBook Four: LI His Over-Confidence and FearsBook Four: LII His Mode of DressBook Four: LIII His OratoryBook Four: LIV His Gladiatorial and Theatrical SkillsBook Four: LV His FavouritesBook Four: LVI The Conspiracies Against HimBook Four: LVII Portents of His AssassinationBook Four: LVIII His DeathBook Four: LIX His CremationBook Four: LX Confusion ReignsBook Five: Claudius (later deified)Book Five: I His Father, Drusus the ElderBook Five: II His Birth and ChildhoodBook Five: III Uncertainty as to his AbilitiesBook Five: IV Augustus’s Opinions of Young ClaudiusBook Five: V His Obscurity under TiberiusBook Five: VI Minor Honours under TiberiusBook Five: VII Promotion under CaligulaBook Five: VIII Mocked by the CourtBook Five: IX Exposure to DangerBook Five: X Accession to PowerBook Five: XI His Immediate ActionsBook Five: XII His Modesty and RestraintBook Five: XIII Acts of Treachery against HimBook Five: XIV His ConsulshipsBook Five: XV His Inconsistencies as JudgeBook Five: XVI His CensorshipBook Five: XVII His Campaign in BritainBook Five: XVIII The Grain SupplyBook Five: XIX His Incentives to Ship-OwnersBook Five: XX His Public WorksBook Five: XXI His Public EntertainmentsBook Five: XXII His Attention to Religious ProcedureBook Five: XXIII His Attention to the LawBook Five: XXIV His Attention to Rank and StatusBook Five: XXV The Influence of His Wives and Freedmen

Book Five: XXVI His MarriagesBook Five: XXVII His ChildrenBook Five: XXVIII His FreedmenBook Five: XXIX His MalleabilityBook Five: XXX His Appearance and MannerismsBook Five: XXXI His General HealthBook Five: XXXII His BanquetsBook Five: XXXIII His HabitsBook Five: XXXIV His Cruel NatureBook Five: XXXV His Timidity and InsecurityBook Five: XXXVI His Fear of ConspiracyBook Five: XXXVII The Fall of SilanusBook Five: XXXVIII His Self-AwarenessBook Five: XXXIX His Mental AbstractionBook Five: XL His Inappropriate RemarksBook Five: XLI His Literary WorksBook Five: XLII His Greek StudiesBook Five: XLIII His Regret at Adopting NeroBook Five: XLIV His DeathBook Five: XLV The AftermathBook Five: XLVI Omens of his DeathBook Six: NeroBook Six: I The Domitian FamilyBook Six: II Nero’s AncestorsBook Six: III Nero’s Great-GrandfatherBook Six: IV Nero’s GrandfatherBook Six: V Nero’s FatherBook Six: VI Nero’s Birth and InfancyBook Six: VII His Boyhood and YouthBook Six: VIII His Accession to PowerBook Six: IX His Display of Filial PietyBook Six: X His Initial Benevolent IntentionsBook Six: XI Chariot Races and TheatricalsBook Six: XII Shows and ContestsBook Six: XIV His First Four ConsulshipsBook Six: XV His Administration of AffairsBook Six: XVI His Public Works and LegislationBook Six: XVII Actions to Combat Forgery and CorruptionBook Six: XVIII His Lack of Imperial AmbitionBook Six: XIX His Planned Foreign Tours and Expedition

Book Six: XX His Musical Education and Debut in NaplesBook Six: XXI His Debut in RomeBook Six: XXII Chariot-Racing and the Trip to GreeceBook Six: XXIII His Anxiety When CompetingBook Six: XXIV His Behaviour in CompetitionBook Six: XXV Return from GreeceBook Six: XXVI His Evil NatureBook Six: XXVII His Increasing WickednessBook Six: XXVIII His Sexual DebaucheryBook Six: XXIX His Erotic PracticesBook Six: XXX His ExtravaganceBook Six: XXXI Public Works and the Golden HouseBook Six: XXXII His Methods of Raising MoneyBook Six: XXXIII His Murder of Claudius and BritannicusBook Six: XXXIV His Murder of his Mother and AuntBook Six: XXXV More Family MurdersBook Six: XXXVI The Pisonian ConspiracyBook Six: XXXVII Indiscriminate PersecutionBook Six: XXXVIII The Great Fire of RomeBook Six: XXXIX Disasters and AbuseBook Six: XL Uprising in GaulBook Six: XLI Continuing RebellionBook Six: XLII Galba’s InsurrectionBook Six: XLIII Nero’s Reaction to the Gallic RebellionBook Six: XLIV His Preparations for a CampaignBook Six: XLV Popular ResentmentBook Six: XLVI Dreams and OmensBook Six: XLVII Preparations for FlightBook Six: XLVIII A Last Hiding-PlaceBook Six: XLIX His DeathBook Six: L His FuneralBook Six: LI His Appearance, Health and Mode of DressBook Six: LII His Knowledge of the ArtsBook Six: LIII His Desire for PopularityBook Six: LIV His Last Vow to Perform as Actor and MusicianBook Six: LV His Desire for Fame and ImmortalityBook Six: LVI His Superstitious BeliefsBook Six: LVII Conflicting Emotions after his DeathBook Seven: GalbaBook Seven: I The End of the Caesars

Book Seven: II Galba’s LineageBook Seven: III His AncestorsBook Seven: IV Birth and DestinyBook Seven: V Marriage and Other RelationshipsBook Seven: VI His Career during Caligula’s ReignBook Seven: VII His Career during Claudius’s ReignBook Seven: VIII Appointment to Office under NeroBook Seven: IX Governorship of his Spanish ProvinceBook Seven: X Leader of the Rebellion in SpainBook Seven: XI The March to RomeBook Seven: XII His Cruelty and GreedBook Seven: XIII His Lack of PopularityBook Seven: XIV The Influence of his ‘Tutors’Book Seven: XV Restrictions and FavouritismBook Seven: XVI Mutiny in Upper GermanyBook Seven: XVII Naming a SuccessorBook Seven: XVIII Omens of His DemiseBook Seven: XIX His DeathBook Seven: XX The AftermathBook Seven: XXI His Personal AppearanceBook Seven: XXII His Personal HabitsBook Seven: XXIII Reaction to his DeathBook Seven: OthoBook Seven: XXIV (I) Otho’s AncestryBook Seven: XXV (II) Friend to NeroBook Seven: XXVI (III) Governor of LusitaniaBook Seven: XXVII (IV) Hopes of AccessionBook Seven: XXVIII (V) Preparation for a CoupBook Seven: XXIX (VI) Seizing PowerBook Seven: XXX (VII) Exercising CommandBook Seven: XXXI (VIII) Civil War against VitelliusBook Seven: XXXII (IX) Military DefeatBook Seven: XXXIII (X) Preparations for SuicideBook Seven: XXXIV (XI) His DeathBook Seven: XXXV (XII) Appearance, Habits, Reaction to his DeathBook Seven: VitelliusBook Seven: XXXVI (I) The VitelliBook Seven: XXXVII (II) Immediate AncestorsBook Seven: XXXVIII (III) Birth, Childhood, YouthBook Seven: XXXIX (IV) A Favourite of Three Emperors

Book Seven: XL (V) High OfficeBook Seven: XLI (VI) His MarriagesBook Seven: XLII (VII) Posting to Lower GermanyBook Seven: XLIII (VIII) Support from the ArmyBook Seven: XLIV (IX) Omens of WeaknessBook Seven: XLV (X) Victory at BetriacumBook Seven: XLVI (XI) His AccessionBook Seven: XLVII (XII) His FavouritesBook Seven: XLVIII (XIII) His GluttonyBook Seven: XLIX (XIV) His CrueltyBook Seven: L (XV) The Flavian RevoltBook Seven: LI (XVI) Refuge in the PalaceBook Seven: LII (XVII) His DeathBook Seven: LIII (XVIII) The Omen FulfilledBook Eight: Vespasian (later deified)Book Eight: I The FlaviansBook Eight: II Early LifeBook Eight: III MarriageBook Eight: IV Military Career and GovernorshipsBook Eight: V Omens and PropheciesBook Eight: VI Support from the ArmyBook Eight: VII Miraculous Events in EgyptBook Eight: VIII Strengthening the StateBook Eight: IX Public WorksBook Eight: X Outstanding LawsuitsBook Eight: XI Civil ReformBook Eight: XII His ModestyBook Eight: XIII His ToleranceBook Eight: XIV His Lack of ResentmentBook Eight: XV His ClemencyBook Eight: XVI His CupidityBook Eight: XVII His GenerosityBook Eight: XVIII His Encouragement of the Arts and SciencesBook Eight: XIX His Support for the TheatreBook Eight: XX His Appearance and HealthBook Eight: XXI His Daily RoutineBook Eight: XXII His Wit and HumourBook Eight: XXI

Book One: XLIX His Relationship with King Nicomedes Book One: L His Affairs with Roman Women Book One: LI His Reputation Elsewhere Book One: LII His Royal Love Affairs Book One: LIII His Food And Drink Book One: LIV His Cupidity Book One: LV His Oratory Book One: LVI His Writings Book One: LVII His Physical Skills and Powers of Endurance

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