THE NEW DEFENSIVE DRIVING - HEMIC
THE NEWDEFENSIVE DRIVING
TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 – DEFENSIVE DRIVING . 5GOOD DRIVER SKILLS . 5THE PROFESSIONALS. 6VEHICLE CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS . 6DRIVER’S LICENSE . 7WOMEN DRIVERS . 8MALE DRIVERS . 8TRUCKERS .CHAPTER 2 – ROAD RAGE . 10ROAD RAGE IS LEARNED . 10ROAD RAGE PREVENTION . 11REVIEW . 14CHAPTER 3 – WINTER DRIVING . 16VEHICLE MAINTENANCE. 16WINTER WEATHER . 17PERSONAL SAFETY IN COLD WEATHER . 19CHAPTER 4 – TRACTOR/TRAILERS . 22ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS . 22FORESIGHT . 22SCANNING . 23BLIND SPOTS . 23COMMUNICATING . 23COMPROMISE . 24DRIVER CONDITION . 24FATIGUE . 242Defensive Driving
DISTRACTIONS . 25CELL PHONES . 25DRINKING AND DRIVING . 25NEW HIRE CHECKLIST . 26CURRENT EMPLOYEES . 26PERFORMANCE ISSUES . 27HIGH RISK DRIVING CRITERIA . 27ACCIDENT/INCIDENT ANALYSIS . 27TRAINER TRIGGERS. 28DRIVER OBLIGATION CHECKLIST . 29DRIVE DEFENSIVELY . 31DRIVER FATIGUE . 31CHAPTER 5 – WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU ARE INVOLVED IN A CAR ACCIDENT . 34AT THE SCENE . 34DRIVING AT NIGHT . 34CHAPTER 6 – AVOIDING MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS . 37HEADLIGHT . 37CLOTHING . 38HORN . 38POSITION . 38SIGNALS . 39CHAPTER 7 – MISCELLANEOUS . 44EFFECTS OF AGING ON DRIVING . 44YOUNG DRIVERS . 44TRUCKERS . 44NIGHT DRIVING . 45EMERGENCIES . 45HOW TO DRIVE . 45DRIVER KNOWLEDGE . 453Defensive Driving
DISCLAIMERInformation provided in this written material should not be considered as all-encompassing, orsuitable for all situations, conditions or environments. Each company is responsible forimplementing their own safety/injury/illness prevention program and should consult with theirlegal, medical or other advisors as to the suitability of using this information. Application of thisinformation does not guarantee you will be successful in your safety efforts, or that theinformation will meet acceptable standards or requirements. At the time this information wasprovided, it was believed to be from reliable sources and current with applicable safetystandards, however, the producers of the program assume no liability arising from the use of, orreliance on the information provided. Always seek the advice of your legal, medical or otheradvisors as necessary before using this information in your Company's safety efforts.******4Defensive Driving
DEFENSIVE DRIVINGINTRODUCTIONWelcome to "not just another defensive driving program". We won’t tell you not to drink anddrive; you already know that. We're not going to tell you not to exceed the speed limit; becauseyou'll continue to do what you've been doing while police are not watching you. We're not goingto review many of the things you already know. If you want statistics on highway deaths, youwon’t find any here, although the National highway Traffic Safety Administration Director stated“up to two-thirds of the deaths involved road rage or aggressive driving”.This program is a bit unique because we want to concentrate on today’s hostile drivingenvironment and lack of sensitive drivers.We say hostile, but you could also call itconfrontational, aggressive, dangerous, or just plain stupid.Our objective is to provide logical, factual information to help you make better driving decisions.We know that a training program won't change attitudes, but we believe, if you learn and usethis information you'll be a better safer driver after all what could be more exciting thaninformation that will help save your life or the lives of others? We'll do our best to make thisprogram as informative as it is exciting.One thing we do know is the vast majority of commuters are stressed on their daily drive to andfrom work. We also know that feeling stress behind the wheel may be a familiar sensation, butmedical experts state it could be a health hazard. Studies have shown that the longer distancesyou commute in your vehicle, the higher the driver’s blood pressure. This also leads to anincrease in job frustration and illness. Let’s face it; driving in traffic is a tough job, even in thebest of conditions. When you combine stress and frustration with so many poor drivers outthere on the road, it just drives us good drivers crazy.5Defensive Driving
CHAPTER 1DEFENSIVE DRIVINGGood Driver SkillsWhat do we mean by good driver skills? There are so many drivers on the road today whoseskills and driving expertise allow them simply to “aim the vehicle in the right direction”. Theyhave absolutely no knowledge on what to do in case of a tire failure at 65 miles per hour or howto respond to other similar emergencies. They can aim the vehicle in between the lanes, butthat’s about it. It’s like people zooming through a traffic area at 70 miles per hour, when thespeed limit is 45. Drivers such as this have no idea what to do if another vehicle pulls into theirlane. They must assume no one will pull in front of them because they’re driving too fast tostop. Just think about the lack of driving knowledge of so many drivers. It’s terrifying.During the development of this program, we drove hundreds of miles with over 12 drivers, eachhaving more than 20 years driving experience.WOW! Four of them scared us to death!Experience doesn’t always equate to good driving skills.How much high-speed emergencytraining do most drivers have? What happens to a vehicle when it starts to skid? Does yourvehicle use ABS or regular brakes? Does it make a difference? There are even people drivingin bad weather that won’t slow down due to the conditions. That’s why we see all these trafficpile-ups during snow, fog and dust storms.Drivers operating at unsafe speed in traffic,tailgating, cutting in, not paying attention to the road, and it adds up to accidents and deaths onthe road. It’s crazy, but unfortunately, it is part of today’s driving experience.The ProfessionalsProfessional truck drivers generally have more training than the average driver, as they gothrough a much more rigorous licensing and testing program. That’s what they do for a living,so the vast majority of truckers have the edge in training and experience. Now we’re not sayingthis makes them 100 percent safe drivers as a group. It’s just that this group has a safetyadvantage over other drivers due to their training, higher licensing standards, more stringentregulations and driving experience. You can’t compare a professional driver who operates avehicle over 100,000 miles a year, with the experience of someone who “aims the vehicle”about 6,000 miles a year. What we’re saying is there are a number of drivers out there, whohave different levels of driving experience.6Defensive Driving
That takes us back to the question, what are good driving skills? Let’s just state that gooddriving skill is not necessarily knowing how to aim the vehicle, or how to use the horn,transmission, brakes or accelerator. It’s knowing the rules of the road and obeying them. Gooddriving skill means knowing how your engine and brakes function, in case something goeswrong. It’s learning how to drive safely at night or in the rain and cold weather. It’s being ableto react to an emergency, before it becomes an accident. Good driving is a major responsibility,but too many people take it lightly.Vehicle Capabilities and LimitationsDo you know how to safely jump-start your vehicle? 65 percent of vehicle owners do not knowhow to properly and safely jump-start dead batteries. When this question is asked in a trainingsession someone will pop up and say, “All I have to do is use my cellphone and call a towservice”. True, but that’s not the point. Vehicle owners should know how to perform emergencyservices because it’s part of understanding how your vehicle functions. Again, the point we wantto make is all drivers should know how their vehicle functions, so proper reactions toemergencies can be taken. Do you know how to control your vehicle if you have a tire blowoutwhile traveling at a high rate of speed? Not many people do. Can car tires explode whenyou’re inflating them? If you’re the person who only knows “how to aim the vehicle between thelines,” then you’re an accident waiting to happen. There are even some people who are reallytoo stupid or lack the intelligence to drive vehicles, but they’re out there and you know who theyare when you see them. Know your vehicle, the safe driving rules, and then use your trainingand education, intelligence and experience to operate the vehicle in a professional manner.Don’t be a vehicle aimer, be a professional.Driver’s LicenseJust how easy is it to qualify for a driver’s license? The written exam is quite easy to pass, evenif you don’t study the book. The driving exam is even easier. If you can demonstrate you knowhow to start and operate your vehicle, along with some minor maneuvers, you pass. The sheernumber of people taking driver license exams will tell you the examiners can’t spend a lot oftime finding out if you know how to drive. Driver license exams simply qualify you as an “aimer”.A person, who has proven he or she can aim the vehicle in the right direction most of the time,can generally qualify for a driver’s license. The point of this statement is you can take a look atall the drivers on the highways today and wonder how experienced and professional they are7Defensive Driving
when operating a motor vehicle.This lack of experience and consideration for otherscontributes significantly to road rage and accidents. When people don’t fully understand how todrive, how to react in case of emergencies and don’t understand the laws, it hurts everyone elseon the road. Just because a person has qualified for a state driver's license does not mean theyare qualified drivers.The license means they are simply allowed to legally operate their vehicle. To compound theproblem of drivers on the road who are not properly trained, let’s add in those drivers who aredriving on suspended licenses or who have not bothered to obtain a driver’s license. How aboutall the drivers who have learned to drive in different countries, and then they apply thatexperience to driving in this country.The difference could be worlds apart.This merelyillustrates that we have a large segment of drivers who are on the road with poor driving skills,poor attitudes, not sure of what action to take in case of a vehicle or road emergencies and whomay not be fit to drive. Others just don’t understand the rules. It’s a wonder there aren’t moreaccidents, injuries and certainly higher incidences of road rage. It makes a law-abiding citizenfeel frustrated.Women DriversBefore we start getting complaints, let’s explain our logic when discussing different drivergroups. When we discuss a group, such as men drivers, women drivers, teen drivers and othergroupings, we’re just using information relating to that certain group. If you’re a woman driver,don’t get upset when we talk about women drivers.Don’t think we’re talking about youindividually. We’re talking about the information gathered about your group, not individuals inthat group. What about the women driver group? We’d love to say they are the best group,with little or no road rage, but experience tells us otherwise.A great number of women operate their vehicles over the speed limit, regardless of the trafficconditions on the road. They are more likely to pull in front of other cars without thinking of theconsequences of irritating other drivers. The women driver group has tendencies to be moreimpatient than other groups. They use cell phones while driving; they comb their hair and applymake up while driving. They are late for work and drive fast. They don’t always stop atstoplights or stop signs, especially in residential areas. Women drivers taking their children toschool, have a tendency to speed in school zones. They are more likely to be talking to others8Defensive Driving
in the vehicle and not paying attention to their driving. When they operate large vehicles orSports Utility Vehicles, they have no fear, which is demonstrated in their driving behavior.This group is more likely to cause road rage in other drivers, than to be irritated by the actions ofother drivers. As a group, women seem not to get as upset at other drivers, as do other drivergroups. We’re not picking on women drivers; it’s just that this group has a tendency to be guiltyof these and other driving actions.Male DriversMen drivers are more likely to react with road rage than the women group. In other words,when another driver cuts off a male driver or tailgates or creates hostility, the male driver ismore likely to have a more violent, or temperamental, reaction to the incident than womendriver's reactions. The cause of this behavior could be anything from a “macho” attitude to justbeing more capable of violence or having a bad temper. Yes, men drivers also speed, tailgate,comb their hair, shave, cut in and do all the bad things we’ve just talked about.OK, we’ve successfully angered women, men and young drivers; so let’s take a look at whatyou can do to reduce road rage.TruckersEighteen-wheel trucks are the lifelines of our economy.probably delivered it.If you bought something, a truckMost car drivers blame professional truck drivers for all the smog,accidents, congestion and a million other things on the road. Car drivers really get upset at allthe big truck tailgating. Big trucks are slow to climb hills and pass other vehicles. Truckersdrive too fast and cause accidents. 18-wheelers are just too big and should be taken off thehighways. All of these statements are a matter of opinion.The point we want to make here is all drivers should understand trucks, how they perform andsome of the driving problems encountered by truckers. If you ask truckers, they’ll tell you that50 to 75 percent of drivers haven’t got a clue how to drive. They will tell you that cars pop out infront of them and create many of the hazards associated with big rig accidents. They will alsoacknowledge there are some truckers who should be taken off the road. However, as a group,the professional truck drivers have a good driving record and it’s getting better. They arededicated to their profession and do a great job, considering all the hazards they encounter on a9Defensive Driving
daily basis. By understanding the problems of truckers, and that includes bob-tails or the trucksthat deliver goods within a city, other drivers can make their job a lot easier, which will easetensions considerably among all drivers. Big trucks can’t maneuver as fast as cars, so givethem room and don’t hog the road. Don’t cut in front of trucks. Allow them room to pass. Whenthey pass you and they have enough room to pull back into the right lane, you can signal themthere’s room to return by turning your headlights on and off. This little courtesy makes thetrucker feel you understand the difficulty of operating a big rig and it may help the trucker feelbetter toward you. These professionals appreciate these small courtesies.OK, you truckers have to stop bullying drivers by tailgating. That’s the number one complaint:big rigs trying to intimidate drivers by tailgating. Sure, the slow moving driver should pull overand allow you to pass, but there’s no reason to tailgate. When you try to intimidate people inthis manner, the other drivers have a tendency to think all truck drivers act the same way. Cutdown on your tailgating intimidation and you’ll find other drivers becoming more courteousdrivers also.Another irritant to small vehicle drivers is big rigs don’t slow down during arainstorm or icy conditions. What’s the deal? Well, let’s assume that if the big rig drivers slowdown in the rain, other truckers will call them wimps. Let’s suppose that’s the reason, we can’tthink anything else. Safety is safety, so just because you’re driving a heavy big rig, don’t thinkthe rules don’t apply to you. Slow down in traffic and slow down in rainy or other poor weatherconditions.10Defensive Driving
CHAPTER 2ROAD RAGEHave you ever had another driver make you mad while driving? There’s new terminology that’sbecome part of our daily driving lives today and it's called ROAD RAGE. What is it? You’veprobably seen it or been exposed to it, but exactly what does road rage mean? It means aperson, while driving, doesn’t control his or her emotions. Everyone has the potential for roadrage. It’s an attitude more than anything. It’s hostility behind the wheel; it’s a human trait thatexists in all of us.We’re all out there on the road fighting for space and when others get in the way, it becomeswar.Generally, all human beings think of themselves as being good or better than otherperson, and they just don’t like the thought of losing to, or being bested by, another person.These thoughts are magnified behind the wheel of a motorized vehicle. Mother Nature kicks inand your ego gets in the way of civility. That’s why, when you see a car approaching you toovertake or pass you, you have a tendency to speed up just a little bit. You don’t like peoplepassing you because you’re competitive and don’t like to lose. When you see a vehicle that’stailgating, you’re upset because that vehicle is threatening your safety. It’s natural to feel thisway. Rationalization is when you cut in front of someone and think that’s ok because you justhad to get into the other lane. When someone cuts in front of you, you’re upset: really upset!Road Rage is LearnedRoad rage is a something’s that’s learned in childhood. At early ages, once youngsters enteredthe vehicle, they learned from the parents how to behave behind the wheel. By the time thesechildren grow up and are allowed to operate vehicles, they have a good grasp on aggressivedriving techniques and bad mental attitudes. What’s the result? When you combine youth,impatience and all these learned experiences; you have a very aggressive group of youngdrivers.Young people have a tendency to think that nothing could ever happen to themanyway. They believe themselves invincible. They believe they can operate their vehicles betterthan professional racecar drivers. You need to steer clear of this youthful group’s way or you’rein trouble. Even those paying for driving lessons find out quickly during their driving sessionsthat speeding, tailgating and cutting in front of others, are the way people drive. Someday theiraggressive behavior and attitude may mature into good drivers, but often it never does.11Defensive Driving
Road Rage PreventionAs we stated earlier, road rage is an attitude. Right now, when you get into your vehicle, you’reprepared for the worst. You expect bad things to happen. You know there’s going to be trafficjams, construction projects, heat, cold, bad weather and of course, poor drivers who drive tooslow, too fast or just don’t know what they’re doing behind the wheel. You have the old peopleto worry about; the teenagers; big trucks; idiots; men drivers; women drivers; pedestrians; andall the things that make driving dangerous; and it’s WAR. You know what to expect so you’reprepared with the adjusted attitude of a Road Warrior! Here’s one Road Warrior you don’t wantto irritate. The highway is no place for weapons. We do not support guns or other weapons onthe highway.We’ve mentioned attitude and ask the question, can it be changed? The answer is yes, but youhave to prove to yourself that it can be changed. Take the challenge for just one drivingsession. The very next time you operate a vehicle, just say to yourself that nothing is going toupset you. Absolutely nothing. If people want to pull in front of me, I’ll let them in and I’ll smilewhile they’re doing it. Sure, deep down inside you’d like to strangle them, but for this test,you’re not going to get upset at anything. Adjust your attitude, just this one time. Nothing isgoing to upset you for this test. Let them do their worst, but you’re not going to holler, scream,honk your horn or try to run them off the road. Nothing is going to bother you during this testperiod. Try this attitude for one driving period, as a test.If you have the attitude that nothing will upset you, you’ll find that road rage is non-existent onyour part. Exactly how long you can make this adjustment is another story, but it serves to pointout that attitudes can be changed. If you really try this for one driving session, you’ll see thatyou’ll feel better, less frustrated and you’ll arrive at your destination at about the same time. Ifyou take this test seriously, you’ll find that your health will also improve. Perhaps you couldadjust your attitude at least one day a week that nothing will bother you. Then, as you feelbetter, try two, three, four days and you may find yourself cured.Now, what happens when YOUR ACTIONS create road rage in the other driver? You cut infront of another vehicle and the other driver becomes livid and starts honking his horn andyelling at you. Well, try not to do those things that create road rage in the other driver. Therehas been much research on the subject and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrationhas found certain behaviors seem unusually likely to enrage other drivers. Let’s look at some12Defensive Driving
realistic prevention techniques in reducing road rage and poor driving attitudes, based upon thisresearch. We believe this list will touch a nerve in many of you drivers out there:1.Cutting Off:When you merge, make sure you have plenty of room. Use your turnsignal to show your intentions before making the move. You should be able to see theother vehicle’s bumper in your rearview mirror before you cut in front of someone. If youmake a mistake and accidentally cut someone off, try to apologize with a friendly gesture.If someone cuts you off, slow down and give them enough room to merge into your lane.Be nice.2.Driving Slowly in the Left Lane: If you are in the left lane and someone wants to pass,move over and let him or her by. Use the far-left lane for passing only. It’s just simplecourtesy to move over and let other drivers by, even though they want to break the law byspeeding in the passing lane.3.Tailgating: Drivers get angry when they are followed too closely. Allow at least a two tofour second spaces between your car and the car ahead. If you don’t understand this twoto-four-second rule, you should learn it quickly. Basically, you pick out a stationary objectahead of you and count one thousand one, one thousand two and if you’ve counted twoseconds before you reach this stationary object, then that is the proper distance betweenvehicles.Large vehicles, such as 18-wheelers and trash trucks should use the four-second rule. In poor weather, you need greater space between vehicles.4.Lane Changes:Before cutting in front of a vehicle, you should be able to see the frontbumper or headlights of the car behind you in your rear-view mirror. If you believe anothercar is driving too slowly, and you’re unable to pass, pull back and allow more space, notless. That way, if the car does something unexpected, you’ll have time to get out of theway. If you feel you are being followed too closely, signal and pull over to let the otherdriver go by. You’ll find the two to four second rule does work.5.Gestures: Almost nothing makes other drivers angrier than an obscene gesture. Avoidmaking any gestures that might anger another driver, even “harmless” expressions ofirritation such as shaking your head. Don’t honk your horn at the offending driver. Neverflash your headlights at a driver that has made you mad.13Defensive Driving
6.Courtesy: Signal every time you merge or change lanes and whenever you make a turn.Use your horn rarely, if ever. If you and another driver see a parking place at the sametime, let that person have it. When you respond this way, after a while, “b
7 Defensive Driving That takes us back to the question, what are good driving skills? Let’s just state that good driving skill is not necessarily knowing how to aim the vehicle, or how to use the horn, transmission, brakes or accelerator.
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