The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) 1-1 Names Of The Letters .
1-1Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Names of the Letters Difficulties Recognizing Letters– Final Forms– Different Fonts– Similar Letters Writing and Transliterating the Letters Begad Kephat Letters Pronouncing the LettersHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-2The Alphabet is Just the Consonants In English,both consonants and vowels are letters of the alphabet.– E.g., the vowel ‘A’ and the consonant ‘B’ are bothletters of the alphabet. In Hebrew, only consonants are considered to be letters– The consonant Alef א is a letter of the alphabet.– The vowel Seghol ֶ is not a letter of the alphabet.The OT was originally written without vowels– Vowels and accents were added in AD 500-1000– מלך לְך ֶֶ֔ ֶֶ֔ מ HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-3Variations on Letter Names Different people spell letter names differently– E.g., Alef, Aleph, ’ā́lep, לף ֶֶ֔ א ֶ֔ Different people pronounce letter names differently– E.g., Waw vs. Vav. In Modern Hebrew, three letters are called differentnames depending on whether or not they have a Dagesh– ב Vet Yod vs. Yud.vs. ּב Bet– כ Chaf vs. ּכ Kaf– פ Fay ּפ Payvs.All reasonable variations are acceptable in my classHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-4AlefHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-5BetHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-6GimelHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-7DaletHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-8HayHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-9VavHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-10ZayinHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-11ḤetHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-12TetHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-13YodHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-14KafHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-15LamedHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-16MemHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-17NunHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-18SamechHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-19AyinHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-20PayHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-21TsadeeHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-22QofHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-23ReshHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-24SinHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-25ShinHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-26TavHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-27Order of Sin ׂש and Shin ׁש Acrostic poems (e.g., Psalm 119) show alphabet in order.– Acrostics treat Sin ׂש and Shin ׁש as the same letter,so they don’t tell us the order. Modern Hebrew tends to put Shin ׁש before Sin ׂש Our textbook and lexicon have Sin ׂש then Shin ׁש – So memorize this order. You’ll never lose points for either order. Mnemonic: Keep the dots together when writing thealphabet צקרׂשׁשת .ֶ֔ אבג HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
ֶ֔י כֶ֔לֶ֔מֶ֔נֶ֔סֶ֔עֶ֔פֶ֔צֶ֔ק רֶׂ֔שֶׁ֔שֶ֔ת Song copyright Professor John Walton of Wheaton CollegeUsed by permission
Memorize the Alef-Bet Before Continuing Before going on to the next section,learn the name of each letter and their order. Use the Alef-Bet song to practice the names in order.1-29– YouTube has 3 versions of the music video: Letters and their names Letters alone All the letters showing at the same time– The website also has the song in downloadableformats: mp3, mp4, and wmv. The website links to a place to practice the letters names.HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Names of the Letters Difficulties Recognizing Letters1-30– Final Forms– Different Scripts– Similar Letters Writing and Transliterating the Letters Begad Kephat Letters Pronouncing the LettersHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-31Final Forms 5 letters use different letter shape at end of wordRegular צ פ נ מ כ Final ץ ף ן ם ך Mnemonic: “CoMMoN FaTS” This shape is called the “final form” or “sofit form”– Sofit (‘sew-feet’) means ‘last’ Final forms have the same pronunciation andtransliteration as the non-final forms.HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-32Multiple Hebrew Scripts There are multiple letter styles for writing Hebrew– Books are printed in a fancy style with serifs ֶצֶ֔קֶ֔רֶׂ֔ש ׁשֶ֔ת – But letters can be written without most of the serifs א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר ׂש ׁש ת – Modern Hebrew is written in a cursive script א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר ׂש ׁש ת Use the simplified shapes without serifs, and be legible. Always write Right-to-LeftHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-33Look-Alike Letters ( ב Bet) ( כ Kaf) ( ג Gimel) ( נ Nun) ( ה He) ( ח Ḥet) ( ׂש Sin) ( ׁש Shin) ( ת Tav) ( ם final Mem) ( ס Samek) ( ד Dalet) ( ר Resh) ( צ Tsade) ( ע Ayin) ( ו Waw) ( ז Zayin) ( י Yod) ( ן Final Nun) ( ך Final Kaf)HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-34BetKafTail in Lower-RightRounded Lower-RightHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-35GimelNunBottom like heel of a bootFlat bottomHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-36HayḤetGap in Top LeftNo gap in Top LeftHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-37TavḤetFoot on Lower LeftNo foot on Lower LeftHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-38SinShinDot on Upper LeftDot on Upper RightHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-39Final MemSamechSquare BottomRound BottomHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-40DaletReshBump on Upper RightRound Upper RightHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-41TsadeAyinBump on Lower RightRound Lower RightHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-42ZayinVavTail on Upper RightRound Upper RightHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-43YodVavFinal NunHalfway DownFull HeightBelow the LineHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-44Final KafFinal NunTop Line is BigLittle or No Top LineUsually aSilent Shewain Final KafHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Memorize the Letters Before Continuing Before going on to the next section,learn to recognize the letters in different scripts,including their final forms. Make flash cards with the letters on one side and thenames on the other side.1-45– Include final forms.– The website has a sheet of letters to print and cut out. Some letters appear with and without a dot, foruse after you have learned about begad kephat.– Write the name and recognition notes on the otherside of each card.HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Names of the Letters Difficulties Recognizing Letters1-46– Final Forms– Different Fonts– Similar Letters Writing and Transliterating the Letters Begad Kephat Letters Pronouncing the LettersHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-47How to Write the Letters The following slides suggest how to write the letters.– You can write the letters differently,as long as it is clear which letter is intended. Most letters can take a dot inside them.– These slides show the location of the dot.– The dot is not part of the basic letter shape.– Don’t add the dot when writing the alphabet.– Draw the dot after drawing the letter itself. Practice writing the letters as you watch the video.– A practice sheet is available on the website.HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Alef א 11-4823HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Bet ב 1-4912Tail on bottom rightdistinguishesBet ב from Kaf כ HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Gimel ג 1-5012HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Dalet ד 1-5112Tail on top rightdistinguishesDalet ד from Resh ר HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Hay ה 1-5212Gap in upper leftdistinguishesHay ה from Ḥet ח HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Waw / Vav ו 1-53Optional hookin top left1Unlike Yod י and Final Nun ן ,Vav ו comes just down to the lineHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Zayin ז 1-5412Tail on top rightdistinguishes Zayin ז from Waw ו HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Ḥet ח 1-5512Lack of Gap in upper leftdistinguishesḤet ח from Hay ה HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Tet ט 1-561HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Some peoplecurve YodYod י 1-571Unlike Vav ו and Final Nun ן ,Yod י doesn’t reach the bottom line.HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Kaf כ 1-581Smooth bottom rightdistinguishesKaf כ from Bet ב HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Final Kaf ך 11-59Alternately, Kaf canbe all 1 curved line2Unlike Dalet ד and Resh ר ,Final Kaf ך goes below the lineHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Lamed ל 1-601HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Mem מ 1-6121HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Final Mem ם 1-621Square bottom distinguishesFinal Mem ם from Samek ס HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Some peopleadd a top hookNun נ 1-631HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Optional hookin top leftFinal Nun ן 1-641Unlike Yod י and Vav ו ,Final Nun ן extends below the lineHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Samek ס 1-65Optional hookin top left1Round bottom distinguishesSamek ס from Final Mem ם HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Ayin ע 21-661HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Pay פ 1-671HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Final Pay ף 1-681Tail extendsbelow the lineHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Tsade צ 11-692HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Final Tsade ץ 11-702Optional bendin line 1 at jointTail extendsbelow the lineHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Qof ק 1-7112Tail extendsbelow the lineHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Resh ר 1-721Smooth top right cornerdistinguishesResh ר from Dalet ד HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Sin ׂש 321-731Placement of upper dotdistinguishesSin ׂש from Shin ׁש HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Shin ׁש 21-7431Placement of upper dotdistinguishesShin ׁש from Sin ׂש HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Tav ת 1-7512Tail in lower leftdistinguishesTav ת from Ḥet ח HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-76Transliteration Transliterate as followsʾbgdhwzḥṭyklmnsʿpṣqrśšt Different books use different transliteration symbols– Most of the variation is for vowels, not consonants Learn to recognize transliterated words– Transliteration is used in many reference books Direction of writing depends on the script:– Write Hebrew script Right-to-Left. אבגד – Write transliteration Left-to-Rightʾ b g d .HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Before Going on to the Next Section 1-77Learn to write the letters.– The workbook has lines for practicing the letters.– Don’t try to imitate the details of the fancy printedletters in the book and workbook. Learn to write the letters in order.– Write the final forms right after the regular forms. א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ך ל מ ם נ ן ס ע פ ף צ ץ ק ר ׂש ׁש ת HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Names of the Letters Difficulties Recognizing Letters1-78– Final Forms– Different Fonts– Similar Letters Writing and Transliterating the Letters Begad Kephat Letters Pronouncing the LettersHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-79Begad Kephat Letters “Begad Kephat” means the letters בֶ֔גֶ֔דֶ֔כֶ֔פֶ֔ת A dot (‘Dagesh’) changes their sound.– Dagesh a point-like, momentary sound (e.g., P)– No Dagesh a sound that can last (e.g., F) ת ּת פ Sound THin T PH ּפ כ ּכ ד ּד ג ּג P baCH K THe D GH G ּב ב VBIn Modern Hebrew, גֶ֔דֶ֔ת pronounced like ּגֶּ֔דֶּ֔ת – I use this pronuncitation. Modern Hebrew uses different names for בּבֶ֔כּכֶ֔פּפ – ּב Bet vs. ב Vet, ּכ Kaf vs. כ Chaf, ּפ Pay vs. פ FayHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-80Transliterating Begad Kephat Letters Underline transliterated begadkephat without a Dagesh.– Overline p and g, since an underline wouldn’t fit.– The line indicates a sound that can go on and on. E.g., ב b ‘v’ sound which can continue. E.g., ּב b ‘b’ sound which is momentary. ת ּת פ Sound THin T PHTransttp ּפ כ ּכ ד ּד ג ּג ּב ב P baCH K THe D GH GVBpbbkkddggHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Before Going on to the Next Section 1-81Learn to recognize transliterated Hebrew letters.– Many Bible dictionaries, commentaries, and journalarticles use transliteration rather than Hebrewletters.– Make flash cards with the transliteration on one sideand the letter on the other side.– Have separate flash cards for Begad Kephat letterswith and without a dot (‘Dagesh’)HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Chapter 1 – The Hebrew Alphabet (Alef-Bet) Names of the Letters Difficulties Recognizing Letters1-82– Final Forms– Different Fonts– Similar Letters Writing and Transliterating the Letters Begad Kephat Letters Pronouncing the LettersHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-83Guttural Letters 4 guttural letters– ( א Alef)– ( ה Hay)– ( ח Ḥet)– ( ע Ayin) Guttural letters affect the spelling of words– The effects will be explained as they come up Resh ר is not a guttural letter.– It is never a guttural letter.– But it has some of the characteristics of gutturals– These will be explained as they come upHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-84Sound-Alike Letters ( א Alef) ( ע Ayin)silent ( ב Bet) ( ו Vav) ModernVat ( ח Ḥet) ( כ Chaf) No DageshbaCH ( ט Tet) ( ּת Tav) with DageshTop ( ּכ Kaf) with Dagesh ( ק Qof)Kite ( ס Samek) ( ׂש Sin)Sat Remember which letter is in a vocabulary word! To help remember, I pronounce sound-alike lettersdifferently when pronouncing vocabulary words (butnot when reading texts), and I note the letter used.HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-85Variations in Letter Pronunciations Some letters are pronounced differently in ModernHebrew.– Pick a system and try to be consistent– Recognize the other system when you hear itLetterTraditionalModern ג aGHastGood ד THeDog ת THinTop ו WowVatHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-86HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-87Alef א is silent Silent (nowdays)– Pronounce the vowel that follows it. Sounds like Ayin– Both are silent– When memorizing vocabulary, distinguish them.– E.g., ‘ ִאם if’ vs. ‘ ִעם with’ Guttural– It was originally a glottal stop (the pause in “uh-oh”). Transliterate like single closing quote ʾHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-88HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-89Bet ב sounds like B or V Begad kephat– Dagesh ּב B sound, transliterate b– No dagesh ב V sound, transliterate bHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-90HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-91Gimel ג sounds like G / GH Begad kephat– Dagesh ּג G sound, transliterate g– No dagesh ג GH sound, transliterate gGH is troublesome to pronounce– voiced velar fricative GH vs. voiced velar stop G– Modern Hebrew pronounces both as GHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-92HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-93Dalet ד sounds like D / TH in The Begad kephat– Dagesh ּד D sound, transliterate d– No dagesh ד TH sound of THe, transliterate dModern Hebrew always pronounces as DHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-94HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-95Hay ה sounds like H Transliterate as h GutturalHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-96HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-97VaV ו sounds like V (or W) Modern Hebrew pronounces it as V– So it sounds just like ב without Dagesh– Called Vav in Modern Hebrew Traditionally pronounced as W– Transliterated w– WawHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-98HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-99Zayin ז sounds like Z Transliterate as zHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-100HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-101Ḥet ח sounds like CH in Bach Sounds just like Kaf without Dagesh כ – ח was deeper in the throat than כ Transliterate as ḥ Guttural(h with dot under it)HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-102HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-103Tet ט sounds like T Sounds just like Tav with Dagesh ּת – When memorizing vocabulary, I give Tet intentionalemphasis to help me remember that the word has Tet ט not Tav ּת Transliterate as ṭ(t with dot under it)HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-104HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Yod י sounds like Y 1-105Transliterate as yHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-106HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-107Kaf כ sounds like K / CH in Bach Begad kephat– Dagesh ּכ K sound, transliterate k– No dagesh כ CH sound of BaCH, transliterate kWithout a Dagesh, Kaf כ sounds like ח – ח was deeper in the throat than כ HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-108HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Lamed ל sounds like L 1-109Transliterate as lHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-110HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Mem מ sounds like M 1-111Transliterate as mHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-112HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Nun נ sounds like N 1-113Transliterate as nHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-114HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Samek ס sounds like S Sounds just like the letter Sin ׂש Transliterate as s1-115HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-116HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-117Ayin ע is silent Silent (nowdays)– Pronounce the vowel that follows it. Guttural– It was originally a voiced pharyngeal fricative. Silent just like Alef– I try to pronounce it when memorizing vocabulary, tohelp me remember that it is Ayin ע not Alef א in theword. But when reading the Bible, I have it be silent,just like Alef. Transliterate like a single opening quote ʿHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-118HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-119Pe פ sounds like P / F Begad kephat– Dagesh ּפ P sound, transliterate p– No dagesh פ F sound, transliterate pHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-120HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-121Tsade צ sounds like TS Transliterate as ṣ(s with a dot under it)HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-122HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-123Qof ק sounds like K Sounds just like the letter Kaf with a Dagesh ּכ Transliterate as qHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-124HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-125Resh ר sounds like R Roll your R in the back of your throat if you can Transliterate it as r R is not a guttural letter– But it has some of the characteristics of gutturalsHebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-126HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-127Sin ׂש sounds like S Sounds just like the letter Samek ס Transliterate as ś Biblical acrostics treat Sin ׂש and Shin ׁש as one letter(s with a rising accent)HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-128HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-129Shin ׁש sounds like SH Transliterate as š Biblical acrostics treat Sin ׂש and Shin ׁש as one letter(s with a little v on top)HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-130HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
1-131Tav ת sounds like T / TH Begad kephat– Dagesh ּת T sound, transliterate t– No dagesh ת TH sound of THin, transliterate t ּת sounds just like Tet ט Modern Hebrew always pronounces as THebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
Before Going on to the Next Chapter 1-132Read chapter 1 in the textbook– Read the textbook supplement along with each section of thetextbook as you go along. Memorize the study guide. Make sure you can also do the following:– Write the Hebrew Alef-Bet, including final forms.– Name and pronounce the Hebrew letters given their letter ortransliteration. This includes final forms This includes begad kephat with and without a Dagesh.Practice taking the quiz for chapter 1 (PDF on website)– The answer key is page 2 of the PDF.HebrewSyntax.org JCBeckman 3/29/2012 Copy freelyCCBY-NC-SA
The Alphabet is Just the Consonants 1-2 In English, both consonants and vowels are letters of the alphabet. –E.g., the vowel ‘A’ and the consonant ‘B’ are both letters of the alphabet. In Hebrew, only consonants are considered to be letters –The consonant Alef א is a letter of the alphabet.File Size: 1MBPage Count: 132
Alef booklet/ Unit II 2 Alef-Bet Chart This is the Hebrew alef-bet (alphabet). Each letter has a name and makes a sound – just like in English. ט ח ז ו ה ד ג ב בּ א Tet Chet Zayin Vav Hay Daled Gimmel Vet Bet Alef ס ן נ ם מ ל ךְ כ כּ י Samech Final Nun Nun Final Mem Mem Lamed Final Chaf Khaf Kaf Yud
All About the Alphabet Reading Alphabet Fun: A Reading Alphabet Fun: B Reading Alphabet Fun: C Reading Alphabet Fun: D Reading Alphabet Fun: E Reading Alphabet Fun: F Reading Alphabet Fun: G Reading Alphabet Fun: H Reading Alphabet Fun: I Reading Alphabet Fun: J Reading Alphabet Fun: K Reading Alphabet Fu
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
Bet or Beth Study Page 1 Psalm 119 & the Hebrew Aleph Bet -Part 2 The second letter of the Hebrew alphabet is called "Bet" (rhymes with "mate") and has the sound of "b" as in "boy." In modern Hebrew, the letter Bet can appear in three forms: Write the manual print version (o
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
List of Plates Plate 1 Tea break! 4 Plate 2 Outline of robbed out wall visible in Trench 2c. Taken from the N. 8 Plate 3 W facing fireplace [2055], during excavation. Taken from the SW. 9 Plate 4 General view of fire place and rake out area following excavation, Trench 2c. Taken from the SW. 9 Plate 5 Stake [2091], set into natural sand (2072). Taken from the N 10
