AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD HANDBOOK
ADS-51-HDBKAERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARDHANDBOOKROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFTQUALIFICATION (RAQ) HANDBOOK21 OCTOBER 1996UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION AND TROOP COMMANDST.LOUIS, MISSOURIAVIATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERDIRECTORATE FOR ENGINEERING
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release,distribution is unlimited.
ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATIONCONTENTSCHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION1-1 PURPOSE1-2 SCOPE1-3 DEFINITION OF ROTORCRAFT AND LIGHT AIRCRAFT1-3.1 ROTORCRAFT1-3.2 AIRCRAFT1-4 INTENDED AUDIENCE1-5 AIRCRAFT AND ROTORCRAFT QUALIFICATION1-5.1 PURPOSE1-5.1.1 AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION1-5.1.2 SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE1-5.1.3 MILITARY QUALIFICATION1-5.1.4 FIRST ARTICLE1-5.1.5 FLIGHT SAFETY PARTS QUALIFICATION1-5.1.6 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY1-5.2 SCOPE1-5.2.1 AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION1-5.2.2 SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE1-5.2.3 MILITARY QUALIFICATION1-5.2.4 FIRST ARTICLE1-5.2.5 FLIGHT SAFETY PARTS QUALIFICATION1-5.2.6 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY1-5.3 GENERAL TECHNIQUES1-5.3.1 TESTING1-5.3.2 ANALYSIS1-5.3.3 MODELING1-5.3.4 SIMILARITY1-5.4 DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES1-5.5 SUSTAINMENT TECHNIQUES1-6 QUALIFICATION ITEMS, TIMING, AND OBJECTIVES1-6.1 INTRODUCTION1-6.1.1 CONCEPT EXPLORATION AND DEFINITION (PHASE 0)1-6.1.2 DEMONSTRATION AND VALIDATION (PHASE I)1-6.1.3 ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING DEVELOPMENT (PHASE II)1-6.1.4 PRODUCTION AND DEPLOYMENT (PHASE III)1-6.1.5 OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT (PHASE IV)1.6.2 NEW SYSTEM1-6.2.1 ITEMS1-6.2.2 TIMING1-6.2.3 OBJECTIVES1-6.3 MODIFICATION1-6.3.1 ITEMS1-6.3.2 TIMING
15 Aug 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATIONCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONThis chapter describes the purpose and scope of this handbook, introduces the concept ofair vehicle qualification, and provides an overview of qualification methods.requirements for the program. Excludedfrom the discussions of this handbook aretests normally conducted after completion ofairworthiness qualification testing, such asforce development test and experimentation(FDTE) tests that are intended to provideinsight into the type of force structure bestsuited to the operation of the air vehicle.1-1 PURPOSEThe purpose of this handbook is twofold. First, it is intended to serve as a tutorial for persons unfamiliar with the airworthiness qualification process. This includesGovernment and contractor personnel whoare involved in development of requirementsor members of the design team who are notdirectly involved in the qualification process. In this context the handbook providesan overview of the airworthiness process fordeveloping requirements. It describes airvehicle and typical system requirements as aguide for airworthiness qualification. Second, it is intended to serve as a referenceguide for those involved in preparing airworthiness qualification documentation. Thisincludes persons who are responsible forgenerating and reviewing documentationthat establishes the airworthiness of systemsand subsystems. Requirements for and examples of airworthiness documentation arecovered in the Appendices to this handbook.1-3 DEFINITIONS OF ROTORCRAFT*AND AIRCRAFT1-3.1 ROTORCRAFTA rotorcraft is defined as a heavierthan-air air vehicle that depends principallyfor its support in flight on the lift generatedby one or more rotors and may include staticlifting surfaces contributing less than halfthe required lift. An airworthy rotorcraft is arotorcraft whose capability to function satisfactorily when used within prescribed limitshas been demonstrated.1-3.2 AIRCRAFTAn aircraft is defined as a powered(heavier-than-air) air vehicle whose principal lifting surfaces are statically positioned,i.e., fixed-wing airplane. Similarly, an airworthy aircraft is one whose capability tofunction satisfactorily within prescribedlimits has been demonstrated.1-2 SCOPEThis handbook addresses the airworthiness qualification of air vehicles and related systems. The air vehicle and systemsto which an airworthiness qualification program is applicable might be completely newor might be the result of major modificationof a previously qualified system. Thishandbook is for guidance only. It cannot becited as a requirement. If it is, the contractordoes not have to comply. It is not intendedto provide mandatory or regulatory requirements that must be achieved during thecourse of a program. Such requirementswill be included in the specific contractual*Note: Reconfigurable air vehicles, e.g., tilt rotorand tilt wing air vehicles, have unique features thatare not specifically covered in this handbook exceptfor a reference to a vertical takeoff and landing(VTOL) air vehicle specification, but they may bequalified by combining rotorcraft and aircraft qual ifications and defining unique qualification requir ements to demonstrate satisfactory operation of theirtransient and unique features.1-1
15 AUG 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATION1-5.1.1 Airworthiness QualificationAirworthiness qualification is defined as an analysis, design, test, and documentation process used to determine that anitem—air vehicle system, subsystem, orcomponent—is airworthy. The primarypurpose of airworthiness qualification is todemonstrate that the air vehicle has the capability to function satisfactorily and safelywhen used within prescribed limits. In addition, airworthiness qualification is required to ensure that a system or componentis properly integrated into an airworthy platform. Airworthiness qualification is conducted to ensure the overall risk of operatingthe air vehicle is minimal.1-4 INTENDED AUDIENCEThis handbook is intended for bothGovernment and contractor audiences. ForGovernment design team personnel thishandbook provides an overview of the philosophy of airworthiness qualification and asource of detailed references upon which tobase contractual airworthiness qualificationprogram requirements. For contractor design team personnel this handbook providesa guide to responding to requests for proposals (RFPs) and to implementing and executing airworthiness qualification programs.1-5 AIR VEHICLE QUALIFICATIONThe paragraphs that follow provide adescription of the purpose, scope, and techniques of air vehicle airworthiness qualification.1-5.1.2 Specification Compliance ValidationSpecification compliance validationis defined as the process used to determinethat an item meets its established requirements. The purpose of specification compliance validation is to show through inspection, analysis, demonstration, and/or testingthat an item satisfies all contractual performance specification requirements. Eventhough specification compliance validationis primarily a process used to demonstratethat the contractor has met the requirementsof the contract, much of the data may beused to substantiate the airworthiness of thesystem.1-5.1 PURPOSEThe main purpose of air vehiclequalification is to ensure that the productmeets its intended requirements. Airworthiness qualification, specification complianceverification, military qualification, first article validation, flight safety parts qualification, and structural integrity verification areall processes leading to qualification of systems, subsystems, and components. All ofthese processes include test methods andtechniques used to ensure continued validityof the qualification results in expected environments. Each has a different focus, but alllead to the ultimate goal of qualification.Although treated separately in the followingsubparagraphs, these activities are often interrelated and overlap during the conduct ofair vehicle qualification programs. The purpose of each is discussed in the subparagraphs that follow.1-5.1.3 Military QualificationMilitary qualification is defined as atest and documentation process used to ensure the military utility of an item is established. Its purpose is to ensure that an itemwill perform adequately in a tactical environment. Thus military qualification usuallyincludes extensive testing requirements overa wide range of environmental conditions.1-2
15 Aug 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATIONtural design criteria. Structural integrityverification is used to verify that load pathsand stresses are as predicted and to identifypoor structural design details to alleviate andprevent (where possible) future maintenancedifficulties.1-5.1.4 First Article ValidationFirst article validation is the processused to determine that the first item produced by either the original developer or analternate source meets its physical performance requirements. The purpose of first article validation is to ensure that the manufacturing processes employed yield an acceptable product that will retain the properties ofprevious qualification. The first article validation process is usually conducted after theitem being procured enters the productionphase of development. This validation isalso used to verify that the production tooling and processes have not changed thecharacteristics that were qualified on a prototype.1-5.2 SCOPEThe range of the scope of determinations and tests that are the basis for each aspect of qualification is discussed in the following subparagraphs. Determinations arefindings supporting qualification substantiation that may be verified by data review, inspections, or other actions that require nofurther tests or analyses.1-5.2.1 Airworthiness QualificationAirworthiness qualification is a progressive assessment process performed atthe component, subsystem, and system levels to ensure that a system meets airworthiness requirements. The scope of determinations and tests that are the basis for airworthiness qualification includes determinationsof the desired operating envelope, testing toverify operations within that envelope, andestablishing any limit actions to assure safeoperation. The process of airworthinessqualification includes engineering analysis,formal inspections, design reviews, safetyassessments, contractor demonstrations, andcontractor and Government qualificationtests. The requirements for airworthinessqualification are developed by the procuringactivity and documented in the Airworthiness Qualification Plan (AQP). The Airworthiness Qualification Specification (AQS)defines the contractor’s obligation to conduct specific analyses, reviews, tests, surveys, and demonstrations to fulfill the requirements and objectives specified in theAQP.1-5.1.5 Flight Safety Parts QualificationFlight safety parts qualification isdefined as a process of identification andintensive analysis, testing, control, and management of parts that have been determinedto be critical to the operational safety of anair vehicle. The purpose of flight safetyparts qualification is to ensure not only thatthese critical parts are properly designed,analyzed, manufactured, and tested as part ofthe air vehicle qualification program but alsothat critical characteristics are identified andthe manufacturing process is established andfrozen. The primary differences betweenqualification of flight safety parts and qualification of other parts are the increased levelof management and the increased level oftechnical detail required for flight safetyparts.1-5.1.6 Structural Integrity VerificationStructural integrity verification isdefined as a process used to establish,evaluate, and substantiate the structural integrity—airframe strength, rigidity, damagetolerance, and durability—of an air vehicle.The purpose of structural integrity verification is to ensure compliance with the struc-1-5.2.2 Specification Compliance Validation1-3
15 AUG 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATIONnation and test that constitutes first articlevalidation is a subset of previous qualification to reconfirm performance and additionaltesting to validate manufacturing processes.Specification compliance validationis a comprehensive assessment of whether asystem performs in compliance with thespecification requirements. The emphasis ison performance, and the quality assuranceportion of the system specification shouldnormally contain a compliance matrix thatindicates how compliance with each paragraph of the specification is determined.The scope of a specification compliancevalidation matches the specification. Forexample, a subsystem-level specificationcompliance validation would address thesubsystem-level specification requirements.1-5.2.5 Flight Safety Parts QualificationThe scope of determinations andtests that are necessary for flight safety partsqualification (FSPQ) is the detailed identification of characteristics of parts that arecritical to sustaining safe flight and theidentification of tests for those characteristics. FSPQ activities include analyzing thedesign of flight safety parts, testing at thecomponent level for specific flight safetycharacteristics of the part, and establishinginspection criteria and part tracking requirements.1-5.2.3 Military QualificationMilitary qualification may beachieved by establishing that an item possesses the required military utility by eitheranalysis or test. The scope of militaryqualification is the process by which an itemis tested for performance, reliability, andmaintainability in the full range of its expected operating environments. Expectedenvironments for military qualification include, but are not limited to, possible globalfield conditions, i.e., extreme cold, sand anddust, altitude, etc.; weapon effects, such asblast, radiation and ballistic impacts; andhuman interface and engineering considerations in global military environments for operability and maintainability.1-5.2.6 Structural Integrity VerificationStructural integrity verification encompasses the establishment of acceptablestructural design criteria, adequate materials,process and joining methods, design analyses, load analyses, stress analyses, damagetolerance analyses, vibration analyses, materials tests, full-scale static tests, fatiguetests, and flight and ground loads surveys.1-5.3 GENERAL TECHNIQUESQualification may be performed atthe component, subsystem, or system level.General qualification techniques includetesting, analysis, modeling, similarity(equivalency), and combinations of thesetechniques.The techniques described may beapplied individually or in combination depending upon the specific circumstance of aprogram. The application of total qualitymanagement and concurrent engineeringprinciples and techniques to qualificationrequires early involvement in the designprocess of not only the designers of the itembut also of those involved in the testing,manufacture, and support of the item. Ap-1-5.2.4 First Article ValidationFirst article validation consists ofestablishing that the article was manufactured according to its applicable processesand procedures and that the manufacturedpart meets its performance requirements inits specified environment. The critical aspect of first article validation is ensuring thatthe production manufacturing proceduresand processes can result in a product of thesame performance level as the product resulting from the prototype development andqualification effort. The scope of determi1-4
15 Aug 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATIONprequalification testing under controlled,known conditions, and qualification testing.Issues unique to rotorcraft include hoveringperformance, vibratory characteristics, andtransitional flight performance. Issuesunique to aircraft with fixed-wings includehigh-speed landing gear considerations, stallcharacteristics, cabin pressurization, andthrust/propeller reversals.plication of these principles and techniqueensures that the design process produces anitem that is testable, producible, and supportable.1-5.3.1 TestingTesting involves applying the scientific principles of experimentation to characterize the properties of an item under controlled conditions. A test has a stated objective, a predefined set of procedures to beperformed during its conduct, a method forcollecting and assessing the test data, a set ofpass-fail criteria, and a description of the testresults.1-5.5 SUSTAINMENT TECHNIQUESQualification techniques that applyprimarily during the operational and supportphase of the life cycle of an item includetesting and similarity. During the operational and support phase, qualification activities center primarily on changes to andimprovement of an existing design, andsimilarity techniques are often applicable.When such techniques are not applicable,test and analysis may be used as appropriate.Also of significant importance during sustainment is the verification of characteristics, such as durability, that could not befully assessed during a development program because of limited test time. Anotherqualification technique that applies duringthe sustainment phase is the assurance thatreplacement parts or repair items meet orexceed the criteria established by the original manufacturer. This is otherwise knownas the qualified parts program.1-5.3.2 AnalysisAn analysis is an evaluation of thecharacteristics of an item performed on thebasis of engineering and scientific principlesto determine whether the item meets its performance requirements.1-5.3.3 ModelingModeling techniques involve the investigation of the properties of a model—either physical or conceptual—of the realsystem in order to infer the characteristics ofthe real system.1-5.3.4 SimilaritySimilarity qualification is based onthe concept that if two items are similar withrespect to a characteristic of interest and oneof the items has been previously qualified,the similar items may also be considered forqualification. A statement of similaritywithout any basis for comparison is insufficient and should not be accepted.1-6 QUALIFICATION ITEMS,TIMING, AND OBJECTIVESItems that require qualification include components, subsystems, systems, andmodifications to systems that ensure satisfactory performance of the item.1-6.1 INTRODUCTIONThe time span of a piece of militaryequipment development can be viewed as alife cycle in which the item passes throughvarious stages. Typically, these life cyclephases are concept exploration and defini-1-5.4 DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUESQualification techniques that applyprimarily during the development portion ofthe life cycle of an item include analyses,modeling, prototyping, informal and formal1-5
15 AUG 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATIONDuring production and deploymentthe item is manufactured based on the datadeveloped in the engineering and manufacturing development phase. The manufactured item is sent to the using unit or to adepot for storage.tion, demonstration and validation, engineering and manufacturing development, production and deployment, and operation andsupport. Demilitarization and disposalshould be considered during all life cyclephases because of the potential safety considerations, e.g., hazardous material, thatcarry forward to the final activity of the lifecycle. If a mission need cannot be satisfiedby a nonmaterial solution, i.e., change indoctrine, operational concepts, tactics,training, or organization, a Mission NeedStatement (MNS) is developed. The MNS isa broad statement of need rather than system-specific solutions. Phase 0 begins withapproval of the MNS. Descriptions of thelife cycle phases follow.1-6.1.5 Operations and Support (PhaseIV)The operations and support phaseconsists of use of the system by operationalunits and the associated training, supply, andmaintenance activities. It also includes removal of weapons, environmentally safedetoxification or containment of hazardousmaterial, deformation of expended life itemsto prevent reuse, and commercial resale orrecycling.1-6.1.1 Concept Exploration and Definition (Phase 0)During concept exploration anddefinition, conceptual alternatives to satisfymission needs and airworthiness requirements are defined.1-6.2 NEW SYSTEMA new system is defined as a newlydesigned system that requires performanceof a full range of development activities.Typically, it requires engineering development, prototype fabrication and testing, andproduction efforts.1-6.1.2 Demonstration and Validation(Phase I)During demonstration and validationa likely candidate or candidates to satisfy thestated need is(are) tested to show that theselected candidate(s) is(are) viable.1-6.2.1 ItemsQualification is an incremental process that typically is performed on components, subsystems, and systems. Theseitems are normally prototype hardware fabricated during the development process.1-6.1.3 Engineering and ManufacturingDevelopment (Phase II)During engineering and manufacturing development, design engineering andtesting are performed to define an end-itemthat satisfies the military need. The mainproduct of engineering and manufacturingdevelopment is documentation of information for use in the production of the end-itemfor field use.1-6.2.2 TimingBecause qualification is an incremental buildup process, timing is critical tothe success of a qualification program.Components should be qualified before thesubsystem into which they will be integratedis qualified. The subsystem-level tests andanalyses should achieve certain minimumgoals prior to initiation of system-level tests.Similarly, numerous analyses and groundtests should be successfully completed priorto flight testing. Flight testing is an incre-1-6.1.4 Production and Deployment(Phase III)1-6
15 Aug 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATION4. Those that incorporate a source ofenergy which could be hazardous, such asexplosive ordnance, explosive or flammablefluids, and laser energy5. Those that could affect the operating limits and/or emergency proceduresspecified in the operator’s manual, seeAR70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of USArmy Aircraft System (Ref. 1).6. Those that could affect the currently approved ordnance configuration orits controlling software.mental, progressive activity during whichperiodic assessments of progress are madeprior to proceeding to the next phase of thequalification program.1-6.2.3 ObjectivesThe objectives of qualification during development are to ensure that a newlydeveloped item meets its intended requirements. Because the item is newly developed, it can be expected to require significantly more qualification effort than modification programs.1-6.3.1 ItemsThe qualification test articles that arenormally available during modificationsmay be a combination of prototype hardwarefor those items undergoing modification andproduction hardware for those items alreadydeveloped and not requiring modification.As in new developments, the components,subsystems, and system may undergo qualification depending on the nature and magnitude of the modification effort.1-6.3 MODIFICATIONA modification program is defined asa change to an existing system to provide anadded capability or exploit technologicaladvances. Modifications can range fromminor changes to a component to majorchanges affecting the entire system. Minorchanges, however, do not usually requirequalification. Modifications that wouldmeasurably affect the airworthiness of anaircraft include but are not limited to1. Those that could affecta. Structural integrityb. Propulsion, transmission, anddrivetrain stability and controlc. Air vehicle flight performanced. Aerodynamic characteristics, including rage. Control response and stabilityf. Electromagnetic characteristicsg. Navigational system effectivenessh. Flight control system authorityand effectivenessi. Weight and balancej. Flight control system logic andsoftware.2. Those that could restrict the flightcrew in the performance of normal duties3. Those that could increase thedanger to the crew in the event of an accident1-6.3.2 TimingThe timing discussions of subpar. 16.2.2 apply to a modification program aswell. Specific timing considerations are afunction of the magnitude and nature of themodification effort.1-6.3.3 ObjectivesThe objectives of qualifying a modification are to ensure that the changes incorporated do not adversely impact the systemfrom an airworthiness standpoint and thatthe desired capabilities or performance improvements as expressed in the changed objective for the item have been achieved.1-7 SOURCE QUALIFICATIONSource qualification, applicable primarily at the part or component level, is thequalifying of a producer's manufacturing andinspection processes and procedures as be1-7
15 AUG 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATIONprocurement contract may stipulate that thecontractor developing an item is required toparticipate in the selection and qualificationof alternate sources.ing acceptable for the production of specified items.1-7.1 QUALIFIED PARTS LISTS (QPL)When a supplier has demonstratedthat he can consistently produce an item inaccordance with the requirements of an applicable specification, that manufacturer'sitem is placed on the QPL for that specification. The agency responsible for the particular specification establishes the criteria forand determines compliance with requirements for QPLs.1-8 USE AS TEXTBOOK,REFERENCE, AND PREPARATIONGUIDEThis handbook has a number of intended uses. First, as a textbook, it providesan overview of airworthiness qualificationprograms and testing by describing the elements and procedures necessary for successful accomplishment of an airworthinessqualification program. Second, this handbook provides a tutorial text on airworthiness qualification for new personnel byproviding "how-to" instructions on structuring an Airworthiness Qualification Program.Finally, this handbook is intended to be areference for preparing each of the followingdocuments: Airworthiness QualificationPlan (AQP), Airworthiness QualificationSpecifications (AQS), Contractor FlightRelease (CFR), Airworthiness Release(AWR), Statement of Airworthiness Qualification (SAQ), and Airworthiness Qualification Substantiation Report (AQSR) both interms of essential elements as described inthe appendices to the handbook and requiredcontent as described in the body of thishandbook. The Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards(DODISS) (Ref. 2) is used to identify unclassified federal and military specificationsand standard, QPLs, military handbooks,and those industry documents coordinatedfor Department of Defense (DoD) use. TheDODISS is composed of an alphabeticallisting and a numeric listing, and it containsprocedures for ordering these documents.1-7.2 SOURCE-CONTROLLED ITEMSThe concept of source-controlleditems is to use existing items known to beeffective in the system being qualified without detailed knowledge of the item or itscritical characteristics. This usually is applied to complex subsystems in which oneor more adequate products exist, typicallyinvolving critical proprietary processes thatare not practical to duplicate.1-7.3 SPECIFICATION CONTROLITEMSSpecification control items are itemsthat are certified by their manufacturer tohave been built and tested in accordancewith an applicable specification. For electronic equipment the Defense ElectronicSupply Center (DESC) conducts audits toensure that a source meets the requirementsof the specification or standard.1-7.4 ALTERNATE SOURCESDuring the course of or subsequentto the original qualification process, alternate sources may be qualified by demonstrating that they can produce the item to aperformance and quality level equivalent tothat of the original source. The purpose ofalternate sourcing is to eliminate dependency on a single source for a critical item. A1-8
15 Aug 96ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATIONREFERENCES1. AR 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of US Army Aircraft System, 15 July 1978.2. Index of Specifications and Standards, Department of Defense, published yearly.1-9
ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATION1-6.3.3 OBJECTIVES1-7 SOURCE QUALIFICATION1-7.1 QUALIFIED PARTS LISTS (QPL)1-7.2 SOURCE CONTROLLED ITEMS1-7.3 SPECIFICATION CONTROL ITEMS1-7.4 ALTERNATE SOURCES1-8 USE AS TEXTBOOK, REFERENCE, AND PREPARATION GUIDECHAPTER 2 - AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION PROGRAM2-1 INTRODUCTION2-2 AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION PLAN (AQP)2-3 AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION SPECIFICATION (AQS)2-4 SURVEY VERSUS DEMONSTRATION TEST REQUIREMENTS2-4.1 SURVEYS2-4.1.1 SIMPLE SURVEY2-4.1.2 VERIFICATION AND EFFECT2-4.1.3 SURVEY FOR ANALYSIS2-4.2 DEMONSTRATIONS2-4.2.1 TESTING2-4.2.2 ACTION2-4.2.3 ANALYTICAL2-5 AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION PROGRAM TEST MANAGEMENT2-5.1 PLANNING2-5.2 TEST INTEGRATION AND COMPUTER RESOURCESWORKING GROUPS2-5.2.1 TEST INTEGRATION WORKING GROUP2-5.2.2 COMPUTER RESOURCES WORKING GROUP2-5.3 TEST COORDINATOR2-5.4 GOVERNMENT PLANT ACTIVITY2-5.5 TEST VERSUS SPECIFICATION MATRICES2-5.6 CONTRACTOR FLIGHT RELEASES2-5.7 AIRWORTHINESS RELEASES2-6 REQUIREMENTS TAILORING2-6.1 GENERAL PHILOSOPHY2-6.2 CONSIDERATIONS2-6.2.1 TECHNICAL RELEVANCE2-6.2.2 ASSESSMENT OF RISK2-6.2.3 RESOURCES2-7 OTHER AIRWORTHINESS CRITERIA ADOPTION2-7.1 CIVIL AGENCIES2-7.2 MILITARY2-7.3 FOREIGN2-8 AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION SUBSTANTIATIONREPORT (AQSR)
ROTORCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATION2-8.1 VOLUME I - AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATIONFINAL REPORT2-8.2 VOLUME II - SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE BYPARAGRAPH2-8.3 STATEMENT OF AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION(SAQ)CHAPTER 3 - SYSTEM SAFETY3-1 INTRODUCTION3-2 OBJECTIVES3-3 SYSTEM SAFETY PROCESS3-3.1 KNOWN PRECEDENT (BLOCK A, FIGURE 3-2)3-3.2 SYSTEM DELINEATION (BLOCK B)3-3.3 IDENTIFICATION OF FLIGHT SAFETY PARTS (BLOCK C)3-3.4 SYSTEM HAZARD ANALYSIS (BLOCK D)3-3.5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (BLOCK E)3-3.6 HAZARD CATEGORIZATION AND EVALUATION (BLOCK F)3-3.7 ACTIONS TO ELIMINATE OR CONTROL HAZARDS (BLOCK G)3-3.8 MODIFICATION OF SYSTEM ELEMENTS (BLOCK H)3-3.9 EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF ACTION TAKEN (BLOCK I)3-3.10 ACCIDENT OR INCIDENT ANALYSIS (BLOCK J)3-3.11 COMPONENT AND/OR SYSTEM TEST ANDDEMONSTRATION (BLOCK K)3-3.12 INCREASED SAFETY ASSURANCE (BLOCK L)3-3.13 AIRWORTHINESS QUALIFICATION (BLOCK M)3-4 ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES3-5 KNOWLEDGE OF HAZARDS3-6 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS3-7 RESOLUTION OF HAZARDS3-7.1 CONTROL METHODS3-7.2 SUBSTANTIATION OF HAZARD RESOLUTION3-8 SYSTEM SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN3-8
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standard may be added to or deleted. This standard is intended to prescribe a minimum quality of documentation at each Level. 1.1 Purpose. This Standard Practice Aeronautical Design Standard is a communications tool. It provides a standard set of data requirements to
This handbook supersedes FAA-H-8083-25A, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, dated 2008. This handbook is available for download, in PDF format, from www.faa.gov. This handbook is published by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman
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