Mushroom Cultivation In Ethiopia.ppt
Mushroom Cultivation inEthiopia: Status andOpportunitiesppDawit Abate (Ph.D)Department of Biology,Biology Addis Ababa University,UniversityAddis Ababa, Ethiopia.National Mushroom Conference,, Mayy 15-16,, 2008Faculty of Science, Addis Ababa University1
B kBackgroundd 2Mushrooms are higherfungi with visible fruitbodiesMushrooms areppredominantlyysaprophyticOnly a small proportionof edible mushroomsare commerciallycultivated.
N t itiNutritionall anddMMedicinaldi i l VValuesl 3High protein, vitamin, fibercontent and devoid ofcholesterolFlavour and aromaImmune enhancing, bloodpressure lowering,pg antiviraland anti-tumor productsNutriceuticals
Why Mushroom Cultivation forEthi i ?Ethiopia? 4Converting inedible plant biomass to nutritiousfoodRequires little land and does not require lightProduction throughout the yearRaw materials ((agriculturalgand agroindustrialgwaste) are availableShort production periodManpower intensiveHigh value international crop with growing globalmarket
C lti ti TCultivationTechnologyh l 5Selection of mushroom typeFacility for quality spawn orsupplier of spawnEvaluation of available rawmaterialsControlling environmentalconditionsConstruction of appropriategrowing housesManagement of pests anddiseasesProcessing and marketing
M hMushroomCCultivationlti ti PProjectj t 6A 3-year projectsupported by EthiopianScience and TechnologyAgencyThe main objectives- to evaluate substratesfor mushroom growing- to select mushroomtypes for cultivationunder local conditions- to recommendfeasibility of mushroomcultivation in EthiopiaEthiopia.
Substrates in Ethiopia forM hMushroomCCultivationlti ti 7Ligno-cellulose materials- Straws (grass, cereal)- Sawdust (hardwood)- Cotton/seedC tt /d wastet- Sugarcane Bagasse- Coffee seed waste- Corn cobs- cattle/horse dung- chicken manure- Brewers spent- wheat bran- Sorghum /maize stalk
SSpawnPPreparationti 8Vegetative material ofthe mushroom growni sterileinil moisti grainiA modest laboratoryandd skilledkill dtechnicians neededSpawn productionmethodology for thecultivated mushrooms
Growing the Oyster (Pleurotusostreatus)t t ) mushroomh 9Can utilize a widevariety of rawmaterialsi lHas a wider range ofttemperaturetConvenient for Smallscale production (lowcost)
Growing the Oyster (Pleurotusostreatus)t t ) MushroomM h 10A good choice for thebeginning mushroomgrowerCan be grown in avarietyi t off containerst i
O t mushroomOysterh(contd.)(td ) 11The first mushroom tobe introduced to themarketk ini EthiopiaE hi iA few growers areengagedd iin ththecultivation of themushroomDried mushroomacceptable
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes)M hMushroom 12Shiitake, the Japanese forestmushroom, is the oldestcultivated mushroomIt is one of the most expensiveof the cultivated mushroomsBesides the nutritional value,shiitake has medicinal valuesThe log method of growingshiitake, the old Japanesepmethod, is still one of themethods of growing shiitake
GGrowingi ththe ShiitShiitakek MMushroomh 13The spawn is inoculated intoholes and covered.After a few months, themushroom starts to growThe production could continueto 4-6 yearsHas been used intraditional medicine inJapan and China for along time
Shiit k ((contd.)Shiitaketd ) Shiitake Mushroom Sawdust basedsubstrate is the othermethod of growingShiitake is also wellknown for itsmedicinal properties 14
GGrowingi ththe ButtonB tt MushroomM h 15Globally the mostimportant mushroom,requires compostedsubstrateThe compost must becovered casing materialafter spawning.spawningcompost made of tefstraw, horse dung andchicken manureThe mushroom isrelatively more difficult fora small scale grower
SSpentt CompostCtThe Spent compost, organicmaterial after cultivation for conditioning the soiland increase organicmatter for vegetables and treeseedlings Casing material afterlleachinghi bby raini watert Mushroom growing isenvironmentallyy friendlyy16
Opportunities – Large ScaleP d ti (IProduction(Investment)tt) 17High production e.g 1000 kg/day i.e 365tons/yearTTemperature,thumidityh idit andd CO2 controlledt ll dgrowing rooms, thus continuous and constantproduction throughoutpgthe yyearSpawn production, composting, pasteurizationand canning facility must be in placeHigher quality of mushrooms producedHigh investment cost
LLargeSScalel ((contd.)td )Production of 20-30 Kg/m2 growingsurface area, about 100kg compost /m2in 2 months About 10 ggrowingg rooms, 200 m2 each About 2-3 times actual growing surfacearea ((total area of shelves)) Optimal for button mushroom exportmarket 18
Opportunity 2 - Small ScaleM hMushroomGGrowingi 19Is labour and management intensiveIs not capital intensiveProduction dependent on weather conditions(about seasonal) and variable amount producedOyster and shiitake mushrooms recommendedLocal market niche or larger scale grower formarketingS dSundryingi optimali l ffor preservationi
SSpawnPProductiond ti anddSSupplyl 20Spawn production requires trained specializedpersonnelA small private enterprise with the capacity toproduce 50 bottles of grain spawn per day cansupplyl 5 smallll scalel mushroomhgrowersSpawn supply occupies a very central role forvalue chain development of mushrooms
Th GlTheGlobalb lMMushroomhMMarketk t 21The global commercialproduction of mushroomsin 2002 was 12 ?milliontons per year worth about45 Billion US .Production has increased10 fold during the last 25years and the market isstill on the increaseChina produces about60% of world productionAbout 80% is throughsmall scale production
Sustainable Commercial Productionoff MushroomsM hAModel for sustainable mushroomcultivation in Ethiopia 22Research and training support iscritically needed at all stagesEstablishment off spawn enterprises iskey for the industrySmall scale producers sell theirproducts to largepg scale pproducersLarge scale producers, produce, buyprocess and export mushrooms
A National Mushroom Research andT i i CTrainingCentert –APProposallMAIN OBJECTIVES: To organize and offer training courses onmushroom cultivation To publish guide books and disseminateappropriatepp ptechnical information to stake holders To provide overall technical support to smallScale mushroom growers in the country To select appropriate varieties of cultivatedmushrooms and make efforts to domesticategwild edible mushrooms.indigenous23
CConsortiumtioff MMushroomhR&D 24Foster research beneficial to the industryWork for establishment of National Researchand Training Centre- Organizegtrainingg courses and workshopsp fortechnicians, extension workers and growers- Support establishment of private SPAWNENTERPRISES- Publish appropriate guide books and simplemanuals
StStrengtheningth i theth industryi d t 25Ethiopian Mushroom GrowersAssociation- An association of mushroom growers,processors and marketers of cultivatedmushroom in Ethiopia- With the main aim of supporting themushroom industry in Ethiopia
mushroom cultivationmushroom cultivation To publish guide books and disseminate apppp propriate technical information to stake holders To provide overall technical support to small Scale mushroom growers
The first Agrodok on ‘Small-scale mushroom cultivation’, Agrodok no. 40, describes the technique of mushroom cultivation on substrates that only need heat treatment. Certain mushroom species however, like the Rice Straw Mushroom (Volvariella spp.) and the Button Mushroom (Agaricus spp.) c
ORGANIC MUSHROOM CULTIVATION MANUAL 3 What makes up a Mushroom 1. Cap: the top part of the mushroom that grows upward.When fully grown, mushroom caps will spread out like an umbrella, e.g. the Straw Mushroom, Ch
equipment to produce mushroom spawn for rural development projects. In the long run, the ARC's lab space can be used to produce low-cost mushroom spawn for mushroom cultivation projects. The following are short protocols for the production of nutritive agar, mushroom spawn, and mushroom-growing substrate. A. Agar medium for oyster mushrooms
into Shiitake-growing techniques, and we don't have to wait for the wind anymore. In fact, Shiitake is the second most produced mushroom in the world, following the common button mushroom. Shiitake Mushroom Cultivation 2011 INTRODUCTORY GROWER’S Cultivation of shiitake mushrooms is a fairly simply process. This guise will help you plan
07. Sample Menu Recipes Salads 08. Anti Pasta Salad 09. Asian Spinach Salad 11. Italian Mushroom Salad 12. Peppy Pasta Salad 14. Shaved Mushroom Salad Entrees 15. Mushroom and Avocado Quesadilla 16. Veggie Flatbread 18. Broccoli Mushroom Cheddar Hand Pie 19. Mushroom Omelette 21. Veggie Qu
4. Mushroom spawn, commonly referred to as mushroom "spore," is planted and cared for in such a way as to achieve maximum production. (Note: Mushroom growers in Thailand rarely complete steps 1, 2 and 3 as the PDA, mother spore and spawn of the commonly grown mushroom varieties
required to start mushroom production are the following: growing room: UGX 800 000 (USD 219.12); and solar dryer: UGX 700 000 (USD 191.73). 2.2 Mushroom market prices: dried mushroom: UGX 30 000 (USD 8.22) per kg; and fresh mushroom: UGX 8 000 (USD 2.19) per kg. The costs, prices and exchange rates mentioned in this practice .
WABO Standard 1702 b. International Building Code (IBC) c. Manual of Steel Construction (AISC) d. AWS Welding Codes: D1.1, D1.4, D1.8 e. AISC Seismic Provisions 341 Note: Purpose of these examinations is to establish and maintain a consistent approach to verifying quality control personnel qualification and to assess his/her technical code knowledge and competence in coordinating overall .
