QarTuli Enisa Da Literaturis Sagamocdo Programa 2009 Wlis .
qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagamocdo programa 2009 wlissavaldebulo gamocdisaTvisI. qarTuli enisa da literaturis jgufis mier momzadebuli krebulisSesavali(krebuli uaxloes momavalSi gamova)saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier gatarebulma reformam, kerZod, Tormetwlian swavlebaze gadasvlam da, rac mTavaria, swavlebis orientirebam Sedegze, bunebrivad gamoiwvia saswavlo gegmebis Secvla da axali saxelmZRvaneloebis danergva. 2009 wlis erTian erovnul gamocdebSi monawileobasswored is abiturientebi miiReben, romlebsac qarTuli enisa da literaturistradiciulisagan gansxvavebuli kursi eqnebaT gavlili. yovelive aman TavisTavadmoiTxova garkveuli cvlilebebis Setana qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagamocdo programaSic da testebSic.pirvel rigSi es cvlileba Seexo weriT davalebas, kerZod, sagamocdo testis Inawils (qarTuli ena) daemata davaleba, romelic saqmiani werilis Sedgenis unarsSeamowmebs (dawvrilebiT ix. krebulSi).garkveuli cvlileba ganicada testis IV nawilmac (weriTi davaleba), romelicmxatvruli teqstis analizis unars amowmebs: aqamde teqstebi weriTi davalebebisaTvis skolis saswavlo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli nawarmoebebidan iyo SerCeuli, momavali wlisaTvis ki davalebaSi mocemuli iqneba is nawarmoebebi (an maTinawyvetebi), romlebic abiturientebs skolaSi Seswavlili ar aqvT. weriTi davalebiT Semowmdeba is, Tu rogor gaaanalizebs abiturienti ukve Seswavlili Txzulebebis analogiuri sirTulis mxatvrul teqsts. magaliTad: Tu moswavlem nikolorTqifaniZis erTi nawarmoebi Seiswavla, SeZlebs Tu ara igi amave mwerlis sxva,misTvis ucnobi, teqstis ganxilvas. aRniSnuli cvlilebis erT-erTi mizezi isicgaxlavT, rom skolaSi Seswavlili masalis analizi, miuxedavad miTiTebebis originalurobisa, mainc Seicavs daStampvisa da stereotipuli msjelobebis safrTxes,rac gasuli wlis gamocdaze ukve SeiniSneboda.aqve unda davamatoT isic, rom nacvlad sami davalebisa (romelTaganac abiturients erT-erTi unda aerCia) mocemuli iqneba ori. wina wlebis gamocdebis Sedegebis analizma gviCvena, rom interteqstualuri weriTi davaleba bevrad ufro rTulia, vidre danarCenebi. amitom amgvari davaleba unda Sevides arCeviTi (humanitaruli fakultetebisaTvis gamiznuli) gamocdis testSi, savaldebulo gamocdis testis weriTi davalebis nawilSi ki mxolod prozauli da poeturi teqstebis mixedviT Sedgenili davalebebi darCes.ase rom, weriTi davalebis nawilSi Seva mxolod ori nawarmoebi (an maTi monakveTebi) Sesabamis miTiTebebTan erTad da, amasTanave, es iqneba abiturientTaTvisucnobi teqstebi.amave dros, sanam uSualod weras daiwyebs, abiturientma unda upasuxos ramdenime kiTxvas, romlebic, erTi mxriv, am ucnobi teqstis gaazrebis unars Seamowmebs,meore mxriv ki, daexmareba abiturients kargad gaigos teqsti da mxolod amis Semdeg daiwyos weriTi davalebis miTiTebebis Sesruleba.testis im nawilSi, romelsac ewodeba qarTuli literatura , mocemuli iqnebanaklebi raodenobis davaleba, vidre es wina wlebSi iyo, magram TiToeul davalebas 1 an 2 qulis nacvlad 4 an 5 qula mieniWeba. maSasadame, Tu wina wlebSi sagamocdo testis qarTuli literaturis nawilSi 18-20 TiToquliani davaleba iyo,2009 wlis testSi Seva mravalquliani davalebebi, romlebsac win mxatvruli teqstebis ufro didi monakveTebi eqneba wamZRvarebuli, vidre es adrindel sagamocdotestebSi iyo mocemuli.aRniSnuli ramdenimequliani davalebiT, wina wlebisagan gansxvavebiT, mxolodwakiTxulis gageba ki ar Sefasdeba, aramed am tipis kiTxvebiT garkveulwiladcodnac Semowmdeba da unaric (am SemTxvevaSi, mxatvruli teqstis gaazrebis unari).magaliTad, davalebis erT-erTi qvekiTxva imis gaazrebas moiTxovs, Tu rogor aris1
gamoxatuli teqstSi avtoris pozicia, sxva qvekiTxva ki imis codnas, vTqvaT, vis(an ris) Sesaxeb saubrobs nawarmoebis esa Tu is personaJi.am tipis davalebebidan erTi qvekiTxva SeiZleba amgvaric iyos: mwerlobis romel mimdinareobas miekuTvneba es teqsti? (vTqvaT, romantikuls an simbolisturs),anda: daasaxeleT sxva qarTveli avtoris nawarmoebi, romelSic analogiuri azriagamoxatuli da a. S.ase rom, 2009 wlis sagamocdo testSi arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlilebebi Seva, es ki,Tavis mxriv, moswavleebisa da maTi pedagogebisagan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs.sagamocdo testSi krebulis arc erTi davaleba ar ganmeordeba!krebulSi daibeWdeba: misaRebi gamocdebis moTxovnebi;sagamocdo programa qarTul enasa da literaturaSi;qarTuli ena (testuri davalebebis nimuSebi Sefasebis sqemebiTurT);qarTuli literatura (testuri davalebebis nimuSebi Sefasebis sqemebiTurT);wakiTxulis gaazreba da weriTi davaleba (testuri davalebebis nimuSebi);weriTi davalebebis Sefasebis kriteriumebi da maTi ganmartebebi;moswavleTa mier Sesrulebuli da mocemuli kriteriumebis meSveobiT gasworebuli weriTi namuSevrebi, agreTve am SefasebaTa komentarebi.II. misaRebi gamocdebis moTxovnebi qarTul enasa da literaturaSimisaReb gamocdebze abiturients moeTxoveba: enis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa (rogorc leqsikuris, ise gramatikulis)adekvaturi gamoyeneba;literaturuli masalis safuZvelze problemis dasma, gaazreba da analizi;argumentebis logikurad, damajereblad Camoyalibeba da Sesabamisi magaliTebiT gamyareba;literaturuli nawarmoebis (an misi nawilis) analizi, komentari;saqmiani werilis Sedgena;sagamocdo programiT gaTvaliswinebul nawarmoebTa Soris msgavsebebisa dagansxvavebebis migneba da SedarebiTi analizi;mwerlis enis, stilis ZiriTadi Taviseburebebisa da gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis sworad aRqma da gaazreba;literaturuli teqstisadmi individualuri damokidebulebis gamovlena.qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagamocdo testiT Semowmdeba: sagamocdo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli masalis gamoyenebis unari;kiTxvaSi (davalebaSi) miniSnebuli informaciis teqstSi mocemul informaciasTan gaigivebis (identificirebis) unari; informaciis gaazrebis, analizis, ganzogadebisa da daskvnis gamotanis unari; damoukidebeli, kritikuli azrovnebis unari; weriTi metyvelebis unari Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis normebis dacviT.amrigad, qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagamocdo testiT mowmdeba: SeZenilicodnis praqtikuli gamoyenebis, ucnobi teqstis gaazrebis, mxatvruli teqstis analizisa da saqmiani werilis Sedgenis unari, agreTve weris kultura.2
III. sagamocdo programa1. qarTuli enaumaRles saswavlebelSi Semsvlelma gamocdaze unda gamoavlinos qarTuli enissafuZvliani codna da misi praqtikuli gamoyenebis unari. sagangebo yuradReba mieqceva metyvelebis kulturis sakiTxebs.abiturients moeTxoveba Semdegi sakiTxebis codna:qarTuli ena da misi adgili msoflio enaTa sistemaSi. qarTveluri enebi. qarTuli saliteraturo enis dasabami da misi ganviTarebis ZiriTadi safexurebi. qarTuli saliteraturo ena da dialeqtebi. qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSoba. qarTuli damwerlobis ganviTarebis safexurebi. qarTuli enis uZvelesi werilobiTi Zeglebi. qarTuli enis ZiriTadi leqsikonebi.bgera da aso. xmovnebi da Tanxmovnebi. marcvali. xmarebidan gasuli asoebi.sityva, misi pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvneloba. sityvis mniSvnelobis cvla:gafarToeba da daviwroeba. sinonimebi; omonimebi; antonimebi; paronimebi; dialeqtizmebi; arqaizmebi; neologizmebi; nasesxebi sityvebi; barbarizmebi; sityvaTa myariSexamebani;stilis raoba. funqciuri stilistika. leqsikuri stilistika. sityvaTa SerCevamniSvnelobis mixedviT. paronimebi, evfemizmebi, Tavazianobis gamomxatveli sityvebi.stilisturi xarvezebi: tavtologia, kalki, atrofia (sityvis gamoyeneba arazustimniSvnelobiT).metyvelebis nawilebi: arsebiTi saxeli, jgufebi Sinaarsis mixedviT, sazogadoda sakuTar saxelTa bruneba; zedsarTavi saxeli, zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxisformebi, zedsarTav saxelTa bruneba damoukideblad da arsebiT saxelTan erTad;arsebiTi saxeli msazRvrelad; ricxviTi saxeli, ricxviTi saxelebis jgufebi, ricxviTi saxelebis bruneba; nacvalsaxeli, nacvalsaxelTa jgufebi, nacvalsaxelTabruneba. warmoqmnili da Zireuli sityvebi, martivi da rTuli sityvebi; sityvaTaSemoklebiT SeerTeba; Semoklebuli dawera; zmna, zmnis piri da ricxvi, zmniswini,dro, aspeqti, kilo, gardamavloba, mwkrivebi da seriebi, gvari, qceva, kontaqti; saxelzmna; zmnizeda; Tandebuli; kavSiri; nawilaki; Sorisdebuli.winadadeba; sintaqsuri wyvilebi, sintaqsuri urTierTobis saxeebi; winadadebissaxeebi Sinaarsis mixedviT; winadadebis wevrebi; qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis urTierToba ricxvis mixedviT; winadadebis saxeebi agebulebis mixedviT; martivi winadadebis saxeebi; Serwymuli winadadeba, erTgvar wevrTa SeerTeba; gankerZoebuli sityvebi da gamoTqmebi; rTuli winadadeba, rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba, rTuliqvewyobili winadadeba, rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis gadakeTeba martivad da martivi winadadebebisa rTul qvewyobilad; pirdapiri da iribi naTqvami; sasveni niSnebi, sasven niSanTa xmarebis wesebi.amrigad, abiturienti sworad unda agebdes enobriv konstruqciebs, unda erkveodes sagamocdo programiT gaTvaliswinebul saenaTmecniero terminologiaSi da SeeZlos weris dros am codnis praqtikuli gamoyeneba.2. qarTuli literaturaabiturienti unda icnobdes:I. mxatvruli teqstis analizisaTvis aucilebel literaturaTmcodneobiT terminebs: alegoria, aluzia, aforizmi, biografia, gapirovneba, groteski, dialogi,drama, elegia, epigrafi, epiTeti, epilogi, eposi, Tema, Tqmuleba, igav-araki,idea, ironia, iumori, komedia, kompozicia, legenda, leqsi, lirika, memuari, metafora, miTi, moTxroba, monologi, motivi, mxatvruli ena, mxatvruli saxe, novela, oda, peizaJi, perifrazi, personaJi, piesa, poezia, poema, portreti, proza,prologi, publicistika, riTma, ritmi, romani, sarkazmi, satira, siuJeti, soneti,strofi, taepi, tragedia, trioleti, tropi, fabula, finali, Sairi, Sedareba,citata, xasiaTi, xatovani Tqma, himni, hiperbola.3
II. literaturuli procesis ZiriTad etapebs: sasuliero mwerloba, klasikuri xanis mwerloba, aRorZinebis xanis mwerloba, romantizmi, realizmi, modernizmi,postmodernizmi.III. Semdeg literaturul nawarmoebebs:1. iakob xucesi SuSanikis wameba .2. iovane sabanisZe abo Tbilelis wameba .3. giorgi merCule grigol xanZTelis cxovreba .4. SoTa rusTaveli vefxistyaosani .5. sulxan-saba orbeliani sibrZne sicruisa .6. daviT guramiSvili daviTiani .7. grigol orbeliani leqsebi: Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi , pasuxiSvilTa , saRamo gamosalmebisa ; poema sadRegrZelo .8. nikoloz baraTaSvili leqsebi: ar ukiJino, satrfoo. , vpove taZari , merani , rad hyvedri kacsa , suli oboli , sulo boroto , fiqrni mtkvris piras , SemoRameba mTawmindaze , xma idumali ; poema bedi qarTlisa .9. ilia WavWavaZe leqsebi: bazaleTis tba , bednieri eri , locva , pasuxis pasuxi , poeti , qarTvlis dedas , Cemo kalamo ; poemebi: aCrdili ; gandegili ;moTxrobebi: kacia-adamiani?! , mgzavris werilebi , oTaraanT qvrivi , sarCobelazed ; publicistika: ra giTxraT, riT gagaxaroT? 10. akaki wereTeli leqsebi: ganTiadi , poeti , rac ar iwvis, ar anaTebs , suliko , xatis win ; poemebi: gamzrdeli , Tornike erisTavi ; moTxroba baSiaCuki .11. aleqsandre yazbegi moTxroba xevisberi goCa .12. vaJa-fSavela leqsebi: aragvs , arwivi , kai yma , ram Semqmna adamianad , simRera ( arc ra tanT mcvia. ), soflisa wesi asea , Rame mTaSi ; poemebi: aludaqeTelauri , baxtrioni , stumar-maspinZeli ; moTxrobebi: ia , xmeli wifeli ;publicistika: kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi .13. daviT kldiaSvili moTxroba samaniSvilis dedinacvali .14. niko lorTqifaniZe moTxroba Selocva radioTi .15. leo qiaCeli moTxroba haki aZba .16. konstantine gamsaxurdia romani didostatis marjvena .17. mixeil javaxiSvili moTxroba lambalo da yaSa .18. galaktion tabiZe leqsebi: bavSvebi kafeSi , Tovli , mamuli , mzeo TibaTvisa , mTawmindis mTvare , silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi , usiyvarulod , qebaTa-qeba nikorwmindas , Serigeba .19. tician tabiZe leqsebi: ananurTan , leqsi mewyeri , me yaCaRebma momklesaragvze .20. paolo iaSvili leqsebi: piramidebSi , werili dedas .21. valerian gafrindaSvili leqsebi: provincialuri gazafxuli , santimentaluri trioletebi .22. kolau nadiraZe leqsi 25 Tebervali, 1921 weli .23. giorgi leoniZe leqsebi: ninowmindis Rame , Rame iveriisa , yivCaRis paemani , wigni qarTlis cxovreba ; moTxroba marita (wignidan natvris xe ).24. guram rCeuliSvili moTxroba neli tango .25. ana kalandaZe leqsebi: lahilze isev. , modioda nino mTebiT. , fexi damadgiT. 26. oTar WilaZe leqsi rodesac ase axloa gremi. 27. jemal qarCxaZe moTxroba igi .28. Wabua amirejibi romani daTa TuTaSxia (nawyveti seTuris epizodi).29. guram doCanaSvili moTxroba kaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda .SeniSvna: hagiografiuli nawarmoebebi, sibrZne sicruisa da daviTiani erTianerovnul gamocdaze Semowmdeba saskolo saxelmZRvanelos mixedviT: qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, IX klasi, Seadgines da komentarebi daurTes manana gigineiSvilma, laura grigolaSvilma da vaxtang rodonaiam.4
sagamocdo programa saqarTvelos istoriasa da sazogadoebrivmecnierebebSisagamocdo programa Sedgenilia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebissaministros mier SemuSavebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa dagrifirebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis Sejerebis safuZvelze.1. saqarTvelosa da msoflios istoria¾preistoriuli epoqa¾Zveli aRmosavleTi da saqarTvelo¾saqarTvelo da msoflio antikur epoqaSi¾saqarTvelo da misi mezoblebi IV-VII ss-Si¾arabebi; arabTa batonoba saqarTveloSi¾saqarTvelo, maxlobeli aRmosavleTi da evropa X-XVss-Si¾XV-XVIII saukuneebiosaqarTvelo da mezoblebi (irani, TurqeTi, ruseTi)obizantiis dacema, das. Eevropa da aSS-s Seqmna¾oXIX saukunesaqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi¾evropa da aSS¾saqarTvelo da msoflio XXs-is dasawyisSi¾I msoflio omi da parizis samSvidobo konferencia¾saqarTvelo 1918-1921 wlebSi¾saqarTvelo da msoflio 1921-1939 wlebSi¾II msoflio omi da saqarTvelo¾msoflio da saqarTvelo 1945-1985 ww-Si¾“perestroika” da ssrk-s daSla¾saqarTvelo msoflio Tanamegobrobis wevri2. saqarTvelos da msoflios geografia¾saqarTvelo da kavkasia¾saqarTvelosa da msoflios fizikur-geografiuli nomenklatura¾saqarTvelos bunebis komponentebi¾saqarTvelos damaxasiaTebeli bunebriv-katastrofuli movlenebi dagaremosdacviTi problemebi¾saqarTvelos teritoriis formireba
a(administraciuli-teritoriul mowyoba, mmarTvelobis forma)¾saqarTvelos bunebrivi resursebi¾saqarTvelos mosaxleobis geografia¾saqarTvelos ekonomika XIX-XX saukuneSi¾sazogadoebrivi geografiis struqtura¾saqarTvelo da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi¾msoflio politikuri rukis formirebis etapebi¾msoflios demografiuli viTareba (istoriuli warsulidan dRemde)¾politikuri geografia da geopolitika¾gaeros qveynebis tipologia¾msoflios regionebi¾3. samoqalaqo ganaTleba¾konfliqtebi da maTi mogvareba¾demokratiuli mmarTvelobis modeli¾sazogadoebrivi azri da gadawyvetilebebi¾sasamarTlo da samarTaldamcavebi – adamianis uflebebis dacvissaSualebebi¾moqalaqe da moxele – pasuxismgeblobaTa ganawileba
sabunebismetyvelomecnierebebi(qimia, biologia, fizika)sagamocdo programaSesavalisabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa sagamocdo programa Sedgenilia gamocdebiserovnuli centris sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa jgufis mier daSeTanxmebulia sakonsultacio sabWosTan, romlis SemadgenlobaSic SedianumaRlesi saswavleblebisa da kvleviTi institutebis warmomadgenlebi.sagamocdo programa efuZneba saxelmwifo saganmanaTleblo standartebsa dazogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis saswavlo programebs biologiaSi, qimiasa dafizikaSi.sagamocdo programis marcxena svetSi mocemulia sakiTxTa CamonaTvali.marjvena svetSi dazustebulia, Tu risi codna moeTxoveba abiturientsSesabamisi sakiTxis Sesaxeb.programaSi msxvili SriftiT gamoyofilia is sakiTxebi, romelTa lebaTaSesasruleblad. wvrili SriftiT gamoyofilia is sakiTxebi, romelTa codnacdasWirdeba abiturients arCeviTi sagnobrivi variantis testur davalebaTaSesasruleblad.
qimia1.qimiis ZiriTadi cnebebi da kanonebi. atomis aRnagoba1. nivTiereba, fizikuri daqimiuri movlenebimartivi da rTuli nivTierebebi. alotropia.sufTa nivTiereba da narevi. narevebis dayofisxerxebi.gansxvaveba fizikur da qimiur movlenebs Soris.qimiuri reaqciis niSnebi da mimdinareobispirobebi.2. qimiuri elementi.valentoba.fardobiTi atomuri masada fardobiTimolekuluri masaqimiuri elementis cneba. qimiuri simboloebi.qimiuri formulis Sedgena valentobis mixedviT.fardobiTi molekuluri masis gamoTvla. naerTSielementis masuri wilis gaangariSeba.3. nivTierebis raodenoba.masisa da Sedgenilobismudmivobis kanonebimoli – nivTierebis raodenobis sazomi.avogadros ricxvi. moluri masa. avogadroskanoni. airis moluri moculoba. airebissimkvriveebis Tanafardoba.qimiuri reaqciis tolobis Sedgena. gamoTvlebiqimiuri formulisa da tolobis mixedviT.4. atomis aRnagobaatomis aRnagobis planeturi modeli. atombirTvisSedgeniloba. masuri ricxvis cneba. izotopebi.eleqtronuli Rrubeli da orbitali. s dap orbitalebi.qvanturi ricxvebi. energetikul doneebzeeleqtronebis ganawileba (umciresi energiis principi,paulis principi, hundis wesi).I–III periodis elementTa atomebis eleqtronuli daeleqtronul-grafikuli formulebi.5. periodulobis kanoni.elementTa periodulisistemaperiodulobis kanonis Tanamedrove formulireba.elementis rigobrivi nomeri.elementTa perioduli sistema. periodebsa dajgufebSi elementTa gaerTianebis principi. I- VIIjgufebis mTavari (A) qvejgufebis elementebisTvisebebis da naerTTa formebis gansazRvraperiodul sistemaSi maTi adgilmdebareobismixedviT.6. qimiuri bmis tipebieleqtrouaryofiToba. kovalenturi(arapolaruli da polaruli) da ionuri bmebi.Jangvis xarisxi.liTonuri bma. wyalbaduri bma.savalento orbitalebi da maTi hibridizacia.bmis jeradoba, σ- da π-bmebi.2
2. qimiuri reaqciebi1. qimiur reaqciaTaklasifikaciadaSlis, SeerTebis, Canacvlebis da mimocvlisreaqciebi.Jangva – aRdgeniTi reaqciebi.egzoTermulida endoTermuli reaqciebi. reaqciis siTburiefeqti.Seqcevadi da Seuqcevadi reaqciebi.2. qimiuri kinetikaqimiuri reaqciis siCqare da masze moqmedi faqtorebi(koncentracia, temperatura, moreagire nivTierebebisbuneba).katalizi da katalizatori.qimiuri wonasworoba da mis gadanacvlebaze moqmedifaqtorebi.3. araorganul naerTTa klasebi1. oqsidebifuZe da mJava oqsidebi. miReba, Tvisebebi.amfoteruli oqsidebis Tvisebebi2. hidroqsidebifuZe, tute. miReba, Tvisebebi.amfoteruli hidroqsidebis Tvisebebi3. mJavebiJangbadiani da uJangbado mJavebi. miReba,Tvisebebi.marilTa klasifikacia, miReba, Tvisebebi.4. marilebi4. xsnarebi.eleqtrolituri disociacis Teoria1. nivTierebaTa xsnadobaWeSmariti xsnari, suspenzia da emulsia.xsnadobaze moqmedi faqtorebi.xsnaris koncentracia: nivTierebis masuri wilixsnarSi.F2. eleqtrolituridisociaciamJavebis, fuZeebis, marilebis eleqtrolituridisociacia.3. ionuri mimocvlisreaqciebiionuri mimocvlis reaqciebis mimdinareobispirobebi. sruli da Sekvecili ionuritolobebi.marilTa hidrolizi.5. organuli naerTebi1. alkanebi2. alkenebimeTanis homologiuri rigi (C1-C10), izomeria.nomenklatura. qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, qlorireba,dehidrireba.eTilenis homologiuri rigi (C2-C5). ConCxisizomeria, nomenklatura. eTilenis wva daTvisebiTi reaqciebi.alkenebis qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, Jangva, mierTeba (H2,Br2, HBr, H2O). markovnikovis wesi.polimerizaciis reaqcia.warmodgena maRalmolekulur naerTebze(polimeri, monomeri, elementuri rgoli,polimerizaciis xarisxi)3
3. alkinebi4. aromatulinaxSirwyalbadebi5. spirtebi da fenolebiacetilenis miReba kalciumis karbidisa dameTanisgan. acetilenis wva da TvisebiTireaqciebi.alkinebis qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva, Jangva, mierTeba (H2,Br2, HBr, H2O).acetilenis trimerizaciabenzoli, miReba da Tvisebebi. benzolis homologebinajeri erTatomiani spirtebis homologiuri rigi(C1 – C5). izomeria.eTanolis miReba da misi qimiuri Tvisebebi: wva,Jangva, liTonebTan urTierTqmedeba, martivieTeris miReba.mravalatomiani spirtebi – eTilenglikoli daglicerini, maTi urTierTqmedeba araorganul daorganul mJavebTan. mravalatomiani spirtebisTvisebiTi reaqcia spilenZis (II) hidroqsidTan.fenoli, misi aRnagoba, urTierTqmedeba metalebTan,tuteebTan, bromTan da WianWvelmJavasTan.6. aldehidebialdehidebis umartivesi warmomadgenlebi:WianWvelaldehidi, Zmrisa da propionisaldehidebi, maTi TvisebiTi reaqciebi.aldehidebis hidrireba da daJangva.7. karbonmJavebinajeri erTfuZiani karbonmJavebis umartivesiwarmomadgenlebi: WianWvelmJava, ZmarmJava,propionmJava.umaRlesi cximovani mJavebi: palmitinis, stearinisa daoleinis mJavebi.karbonmJavebis miReba Sesabamisi spirtebisa daaldehidebisagan.karbonmJavebis mJavuri Tvisebebi.8. rT
sagamocdo programa saqarTvelos istoriasa da sazogadoebriv mecnierebebSi sagamocdo programa Sedgenilia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier SemuSavebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da grifirebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis Sejerebis safuZvelze. 1. saqarTvelosa da msoflios istoria ¾ preistoriuli epoqa ¾ Zveli aRmosavleTi da saqarTvelo
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the ENISA guidelines. Where information is available, the matrix also provides an assessment of how a legacy SBC system can meet the meet the same requirements. ENISA Guideline Summary UM Labs Role UM Labs Mechanism Legacy SBC Firewall SO 11 Access Control to network and information systems SO 11 [1 a] Users authenticated before system access
xelmZGvanelobdnen ara qarTuli enis sinamdviliT, aramed ucxo enaTa sagramatiko normebiT, am enebSi ki braldebiTi brunva auci-lebeli iKo, moTxrobiTis toli da msgavsi ki ar moipoveboda. oriode cnoba am brunvaTa istoriidan. arc maJos, romelsac ekuTvnis ucxo enaze dawerili pirveli gramatika qarTuli enisa
Anatomi dan Fisiologi a. Anatomi Tulang Tulang terdiri dari sel-sel yang berada pada ba intra-seluler. Tulang berasal dari embrionic hyaline cartilage yang mana melalui proses “ Osteogenesis ” menjadi tulang. Proses ini dilakukan oleh sel-sel yang disebut “ Osteoblast”. Proses mengerasnya tulang akibat penimbunan garam kalsium. Ada 206 tulang dalam tubuh manusia, Tulang dapat .
