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TEXTBOOK OFPADĀRTHA VIJÑĀNAAND HISTORY OF ĀYURVEDAvk;qosZn fl)kar ,oa bfrgkl– FOR BAMS FIRST YEAR&M.D. ĀYURVEDA SAMHITA & SIDDHANTA SCHOLARS –Dr. Vaibhav DaduM.D. AYURVEDA, GOLD MEDALLIST

Published by:SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS (INDIA)Jodhpur–Delhi–Germany–5 A, New Pali RoadP.O. Box 91Jodhpur - 342 0014806/24, Ansari RoadDaryaganjNew Delhi - 110 002Landstr, 240Frankfurt 60388GermanyE-mail: info@scientificpub.comWebsite: www.scientificpub.com 2016, Dadu, V.All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein maybe reproduced, adapted, abridged, translated, stored in a retrieval system, computersystem, photographic or other systems or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written priorpermission from the authors and the publishers.Disclaimer: Whereas every effort has been made to avoid errors and omissions, thispublication is being sold on the understanding that neither the editors (or authors ofchapters in edited volumes) nor the publishers nor the printers would be liable in anymanner to any person either for an error or for an omission in this publication, or for anyaction to be taken on the basis of this work. Any inadvertent discrepancy noted may bebrought to the attention of the publishers, for rectifying it in future editions, if published.ISBN: 978-81-7233-957-9eISBN: 978-93-86102-24-9Printed in India

FOREWORDLife is a journey and the science of Ayurveda drives it on the rightpath. Ayurveda propagates certain principles that are effective scientifictools to cure as well as prevent a disease. The subjects PadarthaVidnyan and Ayurveda Itihaasa are the philosophical and historicalaspects of this science. These subjects enable us to understand the basicprinciples of Ayurveda pertaining to the Chikitsaa Siddhanta. We alllive in a world of multiple choices. There is a plethora of booksavailable on different subjects of Ashtanga Ayurveda. The entiresubjects of Ashtanga Ayurveda are contingent with the basic principlesdescribed in Padartha Vidnyaan and Ayurveda Itihaas.This book attempts to focus on the salient principles to highlightthe subjects Padartha Vidnyan and Ayurveda Itihaas. Basic principlesare the gist of Ayurveda. A proper understanding of these subjects is ofutmost importance for the triumphant treatment of a disease. Studentsoften find it a tedious task to understand these subjects. This bookdeciphers all the topics with ease and simplicity with the help of properillustrations everywhere. The detailed description of Pramanas is thepinnacle of this book. This book presents the students with the knack tounderstand the various topics in these subjects. The students will alsounderstand the historical significance of this science.'kkL aT;ksfr% afpfdRlUukijk/;frAA (Ca. Su. 9/24)The knowledge of Ayurveda is essential for the properillumination of knowledge. A Bhishaka who is bestowed with the dual

ivTextbook of Padārtha Vijñāna and History of Āyurvedaqualities of his own intelligence and the knowledge of the science canlead to the successful treatment of diseases.This book aims at providing the scholars with an appropriatescriptural knowledge of the science of Ayurveda.This book is an end product of the hard work and determination ofthe author Dr. Vaibhav Dadu. He is an eminent scholar and an avidreader of various subjects in the field of Ayurveda. He has explainedthe historical events and the principles of Padartha Vidnyan to the core.This book will be beneficial to all the scholars of Ayurveda to enlightentheir concepts in the concerned subjects.Prof. Mahesh VyasProfessor and Head,Dept. of Basic PrinciplesI.P.G.T. & R.A.Gujarat Ayurveda University,Jamnagar

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAt this juncture, I am heart fully thankful to all those who have directly orindirectly helped me accomplish this highly intellectual activity.The first obeisance is to the almighty as without his will the inspiration forthis work and sweet feeling of accomplishment cannot be imagined. The dreamof authoring a book couldn’t be turned into a reality without the support of thedivine.The completion of the work is dedicated to my father late Shri PrakashChandra Dadu and living legend my mother, Smt. Pushpa Devi who taught me totread the path of honesty and perseverance as the guiding principles of life.I take this opportunity to pay my vote of thanks to my teachers and mentorsespecially Prof. Ram Babu Dwivedi, Prof. Mahesh Vyas and Dr. Hitesh Vyas fortheir guidance and making me realize my true potential.I offer my sincere thanks to Prof. Mahesh Vyas for penning the foreword ofthis edition.The staff of Government Akhandanand Ayurveda College, Ahmedabad hasshowered upon me their good wishes and support for the completion of the task. Ithank them all.My special thanks to the Basic Principles department of the college, theHOD Dr. Harish Purohit, Dr. Anil Kumar, Dr. Swati Ben Shah and my colleagueand a family friend Dr. Manmohan Gupta for their very exceptional assistance.I offer my sincere apology to my better half Vaishali and son Kovid as thetoil and dedication towards the completion of this text has taken a lot of time outof their quota. I thank them for their support and assistance.At the end, I thank the Scientific Publishers (India), Jodhpur for their kindco operation and in time publication.Thank you one and all.Dr. Vaibhav DaduAuthor

PROLOGUEEvery science begins its journey in philosophy, progresses as a science andculminates in the philosophy. The questions unresolved by the scientific enquiryare answered through the philosophical tenets.The ultimate truth and purpose of any science is the uplift of mankind in allthe aspects. The intriguing and perpetual questions of the existence with all itspros and cons can be solved with the Philosophy. So, the reasoning which is thebase of any science owes its origin to the Philosophy as the latter provides avision to investigate the hidden and the unknown truth which is the purpose ofscience.Āyurveda (Āyu- Life, Veda- Knowledge), the science of life is no differentas it is also closely related to the Indian Philosophy known as darśana. Thisintricate relation between the Āyurveda and the Indian schools of philosophy orthe darshana can be gauged in the development of the Basic Principles (MaulikSiddhānta) of Āyurveda. These fundamentals of Āyurveda seem to have beeninfluenced by or influence the Indian Philosophy (darśana). This mutualtrustworthy relation along with the maintenance of their individual self-esteem asper their objectives is remarkably visible in both i.e. Āyurveda and the IndianPhilosophy (darśana).Therefore, it becomes necessary for the aspirants of the Āyurvedic science tobe acquainted with the Philosophical background of Āyurveda viz PadārthaVijñāna.Along with the Padārtha Vijñāna, the knowledge of the history of Āyurvedai.e. the Āyurveda Itihās is essential for the Āyurveda beginner (BAMS first yearstudent). The history of Āyurveda appraises the Āyurveda entrant with theĀyurveda glory and scope - past and present, based on which the future is to becarved. The chronological status of Āyurveda education and practice is envisagedin the history which paves the way for the future scope of the scientificinnovations and research in Āyurveda.There is a worldwide approval of the fact that Āyurveda is a holistic systemof medicine which has to be made up to date in tandem with the recent scientificdevelopments in the medical world. The millions of people are looking forwardto the Āyurveda science as a ray of hope towards the maintenance of health andcure of the ever increasing menace of the disease. This demand can be met withthe quality and skilled BAMS doctors which indeed requires the Qualitativeeducation that provides a precise vision towards the Āyurveda mainly the basicprinciples.

viiiTextbook of Padārtha Vijñāna and History of ĀyurvedaSo, keeping all these factors in mind, with the sole aim of qualitativeeducation with the utilitarian approach that enables a Āyurveda entrant (BAMSfirst year student) to comprehend Āyurveda fundamentals, this book entitled –‘TEXTBOOK OF PADĀRTHA VIJÑĀNA AND HISTORY OFĀYURVEDA’ has been designed that covers the complete syllabus of PadārthaVijñāna paper I and II as implemented by the Central Council of IndianMedicine, New Delhi. So, this book is going to be of great utility for theAyurveda Scholars across the length and breadth of the nation and abroad.Although a number of textbooks are available in the market regarding thissubject, this is an effort to produce a qualitative work with brevity of words butpresenting the true significance of the basic principles of Āyurveda.Also, this is the first attempt of the author to pen his vision regarding thebasics of Āyurveda which makes him prone to make some inadvertent mistakesfor which he pleads an apology and requests for suggestions for the rectificationof such errors as there is always a scope of betterment.Thanking you one and all.Dr. Vaibhav DaduM.D. Samhita,Gold Medallist

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE BOOKABBREVIATIONFULL FORMA.Hr.Su.Ashtanga Hridayam Sootra SthanaA.Hr.Sa.Ashtanga Hridayam Shareera SthanaA.Sa.Su.Ashtanga Samgraha Sootra SthanaBr.Ar.Up.Brihat Aranyaka UpanishadCa.Su.Charaka Samhita Sootra SthanaCa.Ni.Charaka Samhita Nidana SthanaCa.Sa.Charaka Samhita Shareera SthanaCa.Vi.Charaka Samhita Vimana SthanaCa.In.Charaka Samhita Indriya SthanaCa.Ci.Charaka Samhita Chikitsa SthanaNy.Su.Nyaya SootraPa.Dh.Sa.Padartha Dharma SamgrahaRa.Va.Su.Rasa Vaisheshika SootraS.D.Samkhya DarshanaSa.Su.Samkhya SootraSu.Su.Sushruta Samhita Sootra SthanaSu.Sa.Sushruta Samhita Shareera SthanaSu.Ut.Sushruta Samhita Uttar TantraVa.Su.Vaisheshika SootraY.Su.Yoga Sootra

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xiiTextbook of Padārtha Vijñāna and History of Āyurvedaघgh Ghझjh Jhढḍh Ḍhधdh Dhभbh Bhङṅ Ṅञñ Ñणṇ Ṇनn Nमm Mहh Hयy Yरr Rलl Lवv Vशś Śषṣ Ṣसs S

CONTENTS(As implemented by the CCIM, New Delhi)Chapter Chapter & TopicsNo.PageNumberPaper I : Part A1.Ayurveda Nirupanam Ayu & Ayurveda lakshana Lakshana & Classification of Siddhanta Introduction to the basic principles of Ayurveda & theirsignificance1-72.Ayurveda Darshana Nirupanam Philosophical background of the fundamentals of Ayurveda Etymological derivation of word ‘Darshana’ Classification & general introduction to schools of IndianPhilosophy with emphasis on Nyaya, Vaisheshika,Samkhya & Yoga Ayurveda as a unique and independent school of thought Padartha : Lakshana, Enumeration, Classification, Bhava &Abhava Padartha, Padartha according to Charaka (karanaPadartha)8-283.Dravya Vijnaniyam Dravya: Lakshana, Enumeration and Classification Panchabhuta: Various theories of creation(Taittatiyopanishad, Nyaya- Vaisheshika, Samkhya Yoga,Shankaracharya, Charaka ans Sushruta), lakshana andqualitiesa of each bhoota. Kaala: Etymological derivation, lakshana anddivision/units, significance in Ayurveda. Dik: Lakshana and division/units with significance inAyurveda. Atma: Lakshana, classification, seat, guna, limga accordingto Charaka, method /process of the origin of knowledge(jnana pravrittih) Purusha: in Ayurveda - Ativahika Purusha, SookshmaShareera, Rashi Purusha, Chikitsa Purusha, karma Purusha,Shad dhatvatmaka Purusha.29-69