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Question: 290Signs and symptoms of hemolytic transfusion reactions include:A. HypothermiaB. HypertensionC. PolyuriaD. Abnormal bleedingAnswer: DSigns and symptoms of hemolytic transfusion reactions include abnormalbleeding. Other symptoms of a hemolytic transfusion reaction include fever,chills, and pain and heat at the infusion site, as well as respiratory distress,anxiety, hypotension, and oliguria. During surgery, a hemolytic transfusionreaction can manifest as abnormal bleeding.Question: 291A patient suspected of having a hemolytic transfusion reaction should be managedwith:A. Removal of nonessential foreign body irritants, e.g., Foley catheterB. Fluid restrictionC. SteroidsD. Fluids and mannitolAnswer: DA patient suspected of having a hemolytic transfusion reaction should be managedwith fluids and mannitol. Hemolytic transfusion reactions lead to hypotension andoliguria. The increased hemoglobin in the plasma will be cleared via the kidneys,which leads to hemoglobinuria.Question: 292Which of the following characteristics in a patient might increase the risk of awound infection?A. History of colon surgery

B. HypertensionC. Male sexD. Receipt of chemotherapyAnswer: DA characteristic in a patient that might increase the risk of a wound infection isreceipt of chemotherapy. Decreasing the bacterial inoculum and virulence bylimiting the patient‟s prehospital stay, clipping the operative site in the operatingroom, administering perioperative antibiotics (within a 24-h period surroundingoperation) with an appropriate antimicrobial spectrum, treating remote infections,avoiding breaks in technique, using closed drainage systems (if needed at all) thatexit the skin away from the surgical incision, and minimizing the duration of theoperation have all been shown to decrease postoperative infection.Question: 293Signs and symptoms associated with early sepsis include:A. Respiratory acidosisB. Decreased cardiac outputC. HypoglycemiaD. Cutaneous vasodilationAnswer: DSigns and symptoms associated with early sepsis include cutaneous vasodilation.A changing mental status, tachypnea that leads to respiratory alkalosis, andflushed skin are often the earliest manifestations of sepsis.Question: 294Hypocalcemia is associated with:A. AcidosisB. Shortened QT intervalC. HypomagnesemiaD. Myocardial irritability

Answer: CHypocalcemia is associated with hypomagnesemia. Hypocalcemia is alsoassociated with a prolonged QT interval and may be aggravated by bothhypomagnesemia and alkalosis.Question: 295Which of the following inhalation anesthetics accumulates in air-filled cavitiesduring general anesthesia?A. Diethyl etherB. Nitrous oxideC. HalothaneD. MethoxyfluraneAnswer: BThe inhalation anesthetic that accumulates in air-filled cavities during generalanesthesia is nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has a low solubility comparedwith other inhalation anesthetics. Its blood:gas partition coefficient is 0.47 and itis 30 times more soluble in blood than is nitrogen (N2).Question: 296Dopamine is a frequently used drug in critically ill patients because:A. At high doses, it increases splanchnic flowB. At high doses, it increases coronary flowC. At low doses, it decreases heart rateD. At low doses, it lowers peripheral resistanceAnswer: BDopamine is a frequently used drug in critically ill patients because at high doses,it increases coronary flow. In low doses (1-5 mg/kg/min), dopamine affectsprimarily the dopaminergic receptors. Activation of these receptors causesvasodilation of the renal and mesenteric vasculature and mild vasoconstriction ofthe peripheral bed, which thereby redirects blood flow to kidneys and bowel.

Question: 297During blood transfusion, clotting of transfused blood is associated with:A. ABO incompatibilityB. Minor blood group incompatibilityC. Rh incompatibilityD. Transfusion through Ringer‟s lactateAnswer: DDuring blood transfusion, clotting of transfused blood is associated withtransfusion through Ringer‟s lactate. Calcium-containing solutions such asRinger‟s lactate cause clotting within the intravenous line rather than hemolysisand may lead to pulmonary embolism.Question: 298The etiologic factor implicated in the development of pulmonary insufficiencyfollowing major nonthoracic trauma is:A. AspirationB. AtelectasisC. Fat embolism syndromeD. Fluid overloadAnswer: CThe etiologic factor implicated in the development of pulmonary insufficiencyfollowing major nonthoracic trauma is fat embolism syndrome. Post-traumaticpulmonary insufficiency in the absence of significant thoracic trauma has beenattributed to a wide variety of etiologic agents, including aspiration, simpleatelectasis, lung contusion, fat embolism, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pulmonaryedema, and pulmonary thromboembolism.Question: 299Signs and symptoms of unsuspected Addison‟s disease include:

A. HypothermiaB. HypokalemiaC. HyperglycemiaD. HyponatremiaAnswer: DSigns and symptoms of unsuspected Addison‟s disease include hyponatremia.Other clinical manifestations of adrenocortical insufficiency includehyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, fever, weight loss, and dehydration.Question: 300Treatment for clostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene) includes which of thefollowing measures?A. Administration of an antifungal agentB. Administration of antitoxinC. Wide debridementD. Administration of hyperbaric oxygenAnswer: CTreatment for clostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene) includes wide debridement.Necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections may produce insoluble gases(hydrogen, nitrogen, methane) through anaerobic bacterial metabolism.

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APMLE Dumps, APMLE Braindumps, APMLE Real Exam Questions, APMLE Practice Test Created Date: 5/21/2019 12:41:58 AM .