A Statistical Analysis Of The Performance Of Naval Academy .
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOLMonterey, CaliforniaTHESISA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OFNAVAL ACADEMY GRADUATES AT THE BASICOFFICER COURSEbyTodd R. FinleyJune 2002Thesis Advisor:Associate Advisor:Stephen MehayJanice LaurenceApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, includingthe time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, andcompleting and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or anyother aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washingtonheadquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project(0704-0188) Washington DC 20503.1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)2. REPORT DATE3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDJune 2002Master’s Thesis4. TIT LE AND SUBTITLE: Title (Mix case letters)5. FUNDING NUMBERSA Statistical Analysis of the Performance of Naval Academy Graduates at the BasicOfficer Course6. AUTHOR(S)Finley, Todd R.7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Naval Postgraduate SchoolMonterey, CA 93943-50009. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)N/A8. PERFORMINGORGANIZATION REPORTNUMBER10. SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCY REPORT NUMBER11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the officialpolicy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT12b. DISTRIBUTION CODEAApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words)This thesis examines the performance of Naval Academy Graduates at the Marine Corps' Basic Officer Courseconducted at The Basic School in Quantico, Virginia. The study reviews the Marine Officer Commissioning and Trainingprograms available and provides an overview of the mission and goals of Officer Candidates School and The Basic School.The study examines Marine Corps training programs used at the Naval Academy between 1988 and 1999 with an overview ofMarine Corp s exposure programs and Marine-specific training programs designed to prepare aspiring midshipmen for servicein the Marine Corps. The analysis includes a review of the Naval Academy's service selection and service assignmentprocesses. The models used in this study focus on the impact of Marine-specific summer training for Naval Academymidshipmen on class standing at The Basic School for newly commissioned Second Lieutenants who attended the Academy.Ordinary least squares estimation techniques provide the effects of the selected independent variables on students' success atThe Basic School. The results of the study indicate that those completing the OCS/Bulldog summer training program had asignificantly higher class standing at The Basic School than other Marine-specific summer training programs.14. SUBJECT TERMSNaval Academy, Marine Corps, Officer Accessions, Officer Recruiting, Officer Candidates School,The Basic School, Pre-commissioning Training, Service Selection, Officer Performance17. SECURITYCLASSIFICATION OFREPORTUnclassified18. SECURITYCLASSIFICATION OF THISPAGEUnclassifiedNSN 7540-01-280-550015. NUMBER OFPAGES14816. PRICE CODE19. SECURITY20. LIMITATIONCLASSIFICATION OFOF ABSTRACTABSTRACTUnclassifiedULStandard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18i
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF NAVALACADEMY GRADUATES AT THE BASIC OFFICER COURSETodd R. FinleyMajor, United States Marine CorpsB.S., United States Naval Academy, 1991Submitted in partial fulfillment of therequirements for the degree ofMASTER OF SCIENCE IN LEADERSHIP AND HUMAN RESOURCEDEVELOPMENTfrom theNAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOLJune 2002Author:Todd R. FinleyApproved by:Stephen Mehay, Thesis AdvisorJanice Laurence, Associate AdvisorDouglas A. Brook, PhD, DeanGraduate School of Business and Public Policyiii
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ABSTRACTThis thesis examines the performance of Naval Academy Graduates at the MarineCorps' Basic Officer Course conducted at The Basic School in Quantico, Virginia. Thestudy reviews the Marine Officer Commissioning and Training programs available andprovides an overview of the mission and goals of Officer Candidates School and TheBasic School. The study examines Marine Corps training programs used at the NavalAcademy between 1988 and 1999 with an overview of Marine Corps exposure programsand Marine-specific training programs designed to prepare aspiring midshipmen forservice in the Marine Corps. The analysis includes a review of the Naval Academy'sservice selection and service assignment processes. The models used in this study focuson the impact of Marine-specific summer training for Naval Academy midshipmen onclass standing at The Basic School for newly commissioned Second Lieutenants whoattended the Academy. Ordinary least squares estimation techniques provide the effectsof the selected independent variables on students' success at The Basic School. Theresults of the study indicate that those completing the OCS/Bulldog summer trainingprogram had a significantly higher class standing at The Basic School than other Marinespecific summer training programs.v
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TABLE OF CONTENTSI.INTRODUCTION.1A.BACKGROUND .1B.PURPOSE.2C.RESEARCH QUESTIONS .3D.BENEFITS OF STUDY.3E.SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY .3F.ORGANIZATION OF STUD Y .3II.MARINE OFFICER COMMISSIONING AND TRAINING PROGRAMS.5A.INTRODUCTION.5B.MARINE OFFICER COMMISSIONING OPTIONS .51.Ground Option.52.Aviation Option.53.Law Option.6C.MARINE OFFICER COMMISSIONING SOURCES .61.Naval Academy .6a.Overview .6b.Eligibility Requirements .7c.Training.92.Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) MarineOption.11a.Overview .11b.Eligibility Requirements .12c.Training.133.Platoon Leaders Class (PLC).14a.Overview .14b.Eligibility Requirements .14c.Training.154.Officer Candidate Course (OCC) .16a.Overview .16b.Eligibility Requirements .16c.Training.165.Marine Co rps Enlisted Commissioning Education Program(MECEP).17a.Overview .17b.Eligibility Requirements .17c.Training.186.Enlisted Commissioning Program (ECP) .19a.Overview .19b.Eligibility Requirements .20c.Training.21vii
7.D.E.F.III.Meritorious Commissioning Program (MCP).21a.Overview .21b.Eligibility Requirements .21c.Training.228.Direct Commissioning Program (DCP) .23a.Overview .23b.Eligibility Requirements .23c.Training.24OFFICER CANDIDATES SCHOOL .251.Mission .252.Overview.25THE BASIC SCHOOL (TBS).261.Mission of The Basic School .262.Training Goals .263.Critical Preparation Areas.27a.Leader/Commander .27b.Decision Maker .27c.Communicator.28d.Warfighter/Executor. .28e.Life-long Learner.294.Evaluation of Officer Students .29a.Overview .29b.Leadership.30c.Military Skills.31d.Academics.33CHAPTER SUMMARY.33THE NAVAL ACADEMY AND MARINE CORPS PROGRAMS.35A.INTRODUCTION.35B.MARINE CORPS EXPOSURE PROGRAMS .351.Professional Training of Midshipmen (PROTRAMID).352.Midshipmen Leadership Training (MLT) .373.Naval Tactical Training (NTT) .38C.MARINE CORPS PREPARATION TRAINING PROGRAMS .381.None (Classes of 1993, 1988 and earlier) .392.Bulldog (Classes of 1989-1991) .393.Leatherneck (Class of 1994-Present).414.Junior Officer Practicum Course (Class of 1995 to present) .43D.NAVAL ACADEMY WARFAR E SELECTION/ASSIGNMENTPROCESS .441.Service Selection (Classes of 1994 and earlier) .442.Service Assignment (Class of 1995-Present).46a.Interview Phase.46b.Community Screening Phase.46c.Preference Designation Phase.47d.Assignment Phase .47viii
E.e.Review/Final Approval .47CHAPTER SUMMARY.48IV.NORTH AND SMITH STUD Y RCH METHODOLOGY .53A.INTRODUCTION.53B.DATA SOURCES .531.Naval Academy Data .532.Headquarters Marine Corps Data .543.The Merged USNA/HQMC File .56C.RESEARCH MODEL .561.Background .562.Primary Assumptions .58D.EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS .60E.CHAPTER SUMMARY.68VI.RESULTS OF THE MULTIVARIATE MODELS .69A.INTRODUCTION.69B.PRIMARY MODEL .69C.SECONDARY MODEL .70D.ANALYSES .70E.DATA ANALYSIS .71VII.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.85A.CONCLUSIONS .851.Naval Academy Performance .862.Summer Training Program .863.Ethnic Background .874.Prior Enlisted Experience .885.Varsity Letter Recipients.886.Commissioning Age .897.Parents' Military Service .898.Air Contracts .899.Naval Academy Academic Major.8910.Service Selection.90B.RESEARCH QUESTIONS .911. What years provided the best overall performance of NavalAcademy graduates at The Basic School? .912. What factors at the Naval Academy are associated with strongperformance at The Basic School? .923.Which training program best prepared Naval AcademyMidshipmen for success at The Basic School? .934. How can performance of future Naval Academy graduates at TheBasic School be improved? .93ix
C.D.RECOMMENDATIONS.93RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH.97APPENDIX A.DATASET FREQUENCY COUNTS AND FREQUENCYANALYSES .99APPENDIX B. EMPIRICAL DATA ANALYSIS .109APPENDIX C. REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESULTS .119LIST OF REFERENCES .123INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST.127x
LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1.Figure 2.Figure 3.Figure 4.Figure 5.Figure 6.Figure 7.Figure 8.Figure 9.Figure 10.Figure 11.Figure 12.Figure 13.Naval Academy Accession Sequence (FY 2002). .7Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (Marine Option) AccessionSequence (FY 2002).12Platoon Leader Class and Officer Candidate Class Accession Sequence(FY 2002). .15Marine Corps Enlisted Commissioning Education Program AccessionSequence (FY 2002).18Enlisted Commissioning Program and Meritorious CommissioningProgram Accession Sequence (FY 2002). .20Direct Commissioning Program Accession Sequence (FY 2002). .24Sample and Predicted TBS Class Standing Percentile by Summer TrainingProgram.75Sample and Predicted TBS Class Standing Percentile by Naval AcademyVarsity Letter Winner Status .76Sample and Predicted TBS Class Standing Percentile by Prior EnlistedExperience.77Sample and Predicted TBS Class Standing Percentile by Race/EthnicCategory.78Sample and Predicted TBS Class Standing Percentile by Aviation orGround Option .79Sample and Predicted TBS Class Standing Percentile by Academic MajorGroups. .80Sample and Predicted TBS Class Standing Percentile by Service Selectionor Service Assignment/Capstone Course Participation .81xi
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LIST OF TABLESTable 1.Table 2.Table 3.Table 4.Table 5.Table 6.Table 7.Table 8.Table 9.Table 10.Table 11.Table 12.Table 13.Table 14.Table 15.Table 16.Table 17.Table 18.Table 19.Table 20.Table 21.Table 22.Table 23.Table 24.Table A-1.Table A-2.Table A-3.Table A-4.Table A-5.Table A-6.Table A-7.Table A-8.Table A-9.Table A-10.Table A-11.Table A-12.Scholastic Assessment Test I (SAT-I) and American College Testing(ACT) Scores from a Recent Naval Academy Entering Class. .9Graded Military Skills Events During The Basic Officer Course. .32Graded Academic Events During The Basic Officer Course. .33Marine Specific Training Programs at The Naval Academy (1988-1999).48Description of Variables Used in the Study.54Academic Majors Available at The Naval Academy During the SubjectPeriod .55Hypothesized Effects of Selected Independent Variables on TBS StandingPercentile.60TBS Class Standing Percentile by Summer Training Program .61TBS Class Standing Percentile by Varsity Letter Winners .62Ages at Commissioning by Summer Training Program.62TBS Class Standing Percentile by Age at Commissioning .63TBS Class Standing Percentile by Prior Enlisted Experience .63TBS Class Standing Percentile by Ethnic Category .64TBS Class Standing Percentile by MOS Guarantee .64USNA Order of Merit Percentile by Summer Training Program.65USNA Academic QPR (AQPR) by Summer Training Program .65USNA Military QPR (MQPR) by Summer Training Program.66TBS Class Standing Percentile by Academic Major Grouping .66TBS Class Standing Percentile by Service Selection Participation.67TBS Class Standing Percentile by Parents' Military Experience .68Ordinary Least Squares Estimates of TBS Class Standing Percentile(Primary Model).72Ordinary Least Squares Estimates of TBS Class Standing Percentile(Secondary Model).73Statistically Significant Predictors (Primary Model) .85Statistically Significant Predictors (Secondary Model) .86Dataset Variable Frequency Counts Part 1 .99Dataset Frequency Counts Part 2 .99Dataset Frequency Counts Part 3 .99Dataset Frequency Counts Part 4 .99Dataset Frequency Counts Part 5 .99Dataset Frequency Counts Part 6 .100Naval Academy Graduating Class (grad yr) Frequency Table .100Naval Academy Varsity Letter Winner (var ltr) Frequency Table .100Commissioning Age (agecomm) Frequency Table .100Ethnicity (ethnic) Frequency Table .101Ethnic White (ethwhite) Frequency Table .101Ethnic Black (ethblack) Frequency Table.101xiii
TableTableTableTableA-13.A-14.A-15.A-16.Table A-37.TableTableTableTableB-1.B-2.B-3.B-4.Table B-5.Table B-6.Table B-7.Table B-8.Table B-9.Table B-10.Table B-11.Table B-12.Table B-13.Table B-14.Table B-15.Ethnic Hispanic (ethhisp) Frequency Table.101Ethnic Other (ethother) Frequency Table .101Parents Military Experience (svcjrcom) Frequency Table .102Parents with Non-Marine Corps Military Experience (svcjr) FrequencyTable.102Parents with Marine Corps Military Experience (svcjrmar) FrequencyTable.102Parents without Military Experience (svcjrnon) Frequency Table .102Prior Enlisted Experience (prior) Frequency Table .103Prior Enlisted Service (Non-Marine) (prisvc) Frequency Table .103Prior Enlisted Service (Marine) (primarne) Frequency Table .103No Prior Enlisted Service (prinone) Frequency Table.103Gender (gender) Frequency Table .103Naval Academy Summer Training Program (sumtrn) Frequency Table .104OCS/Bulldog Summer Training Program (bulldog) Frequency Table .104Leatherneck Summer Training Program (ltrneck) Frequency Table .104No Marine-Specific Summer Training Program (notrng) Frequency Table .104Aviation/Ground Option (contract) Frequency Table .104Aviation Option (aircont) Frequency Table.105Ground Option (grndmos) Frequency Table .105Naval Academy Academic Major (ac major) Frequency Table .105Naval Academy Academic Major Group (majgroup) Frequency Table .106Naval Academy Group-1 Academic Major (group1) Frequency Table .106Naval Academy Group-2 Academic Major (group2) Frequency Table .106Naval Academy Group-3 Academic Major (group3) Frequency Table .106Naval Academy Service Selection Participant (servsel) Frequency icerPracticum/Capstone Course Participant (servasmt) Frequency Table .107TBS Class Standing Percentile by Summer Training Program .109TBS Class Standing Percentile by Summer Training Program ANOVA .109TBS Class Standing Percentile by Varsity Letter Winners .109TBS Class Standing Percentile by Varsity Letter Winners IndependentSamples T-Test .109Ages at Commissioning by Summer Training Program.110Ages at Commissioning by Summer Training Program ANOVA.110TBS Class Standing Percentile by Age at Commissioning .110TBS Class Standing Percentile by Age at Commissioning ANOVA .110TBS Class Standing Percentile by Prior Enlisted Experience .111TBS Class Standing Percentile by Prior Enlisted Experience ANOVA .111TBS Class Standing Percentile by Ethnic Category .111TBS Class Standing Percentile by Ethnic Category ANOVA .111TBS Class Standing Percentile by MOS Guarantee .112TBS Class Standing Percentile by MOS Guarantee Independent SamplesT-Test.112USNA Order of Merit Percentile by Summer Training Program.112xiv
B-18.B-19.B-20.B-21.B-22.B-23.Table B-24.Table B-25.Table B-26.Table B-27.Table B-28.Table B-29.Table B-30.Table B-31.Table B-32.Table B-33.Table B-34.Table B-35.Table B-36.Table B-37.Table B-38.Table C-1.Table C-2.Table C-3.Table C-4.Table C-5.Table C-6.Table C-7.Table C-8.USNA Order of Merit Percentile by Summer Training Program ANOVA.112USNA Academic QPR by Summer Training Program.113USNA Academic QPR by Summer Training Program ANOVA .113USNA Military QPR by Summer Training Program.113USNA Military QPR by Summer Training Program ANOVA .113TBS Class Standing Percentile by Academic Major Grouping .114TBS Class Standing Percentile by Academic Major Grouping ANOVA.114TBS Class Standing Percentile by Service Selection or ServiceAssignment/Capstone Course Participant .114TBS Class Standing Percentile by Service Selection or ServiceAssignment/Capstone Course Participant Independent Samples T-Test .114TBS Class Standing Percentile by Parents' Military Service Experience .115TBS Class Standing Percentile by
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF NAVAL ACADEMY GRADUATES AT THE BASIC . Naval Academy, Marine Corps, Officer Accessions, Officer Recruiting, Officer Candidates School, .
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
