Assessing Anxiety Levels In Working Women Basing On Their .
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015www.jmscr.igmpublication.orgImpact Factor 3.79ISSN (e)-2347-176xAssessing Anxiety Levels in Working Women Basing on their MaritalStatus’’ By Using Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment ScaleAuthors1Prabhanjan Kumar Vata *, Abdu Hassen Musa 2, Solomon Hailemariam3*1 College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, PO Box 419 Dilla, EthiopiaEmail: prabhanjanv123@gmail.com2College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, PO Box 419 Dilla, EthiopiaEmail: ahdu97@yahoo.com3College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, PO Box 419 Dilla, EthiopiaEmail: solomon0917242124@gmail.comAbstract"Women develop these anxiety disorders at approximately twice the rate that men do and we really don't havea good explanation for why that happens," says Felmingham.The primary objective of the present study is to assess the impact of out-of-home employment on anxiety levelsof both married and unmarried women. The current study was conducted on working women of Dilla regionof Ethiopia on total of 146 women in which 84 respondents are married and the rest 62 are unmarried. In thepresent study working married women were compared with unmarried working women in respect to theiranxiety levels, measured by using Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale.Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale is a 20-item self-report assessment questioner built to measure anxietylevels. From the present analysis, it can be concluded that in overall respondents, 74.65% are normal with noanxiety and 21.24% are mild to moderate anxiety levels and 4.11% marked to severe anxiety levels and thereis no respondents with extreme anxiety levels. It is also observed that the level of anxiety is high in marriedwomen compared to unmarried women.Key words: Anxiety, marital status, working women, Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale.IntroductionSome have argued that anxiety disorders appear toAnxiety is a state of unpleasant emotion that isbe more common in women because they areexperienced in anticipation of some (usually ill-moredefined) misfortune, accompanied by compulsiveFelmingham says while this might be true, it doesbehavior or attacks of panic. "Women developnot explain the gap between married andthese anxiety disorders at approximately twice theunmarried women.rate that men do and we really don't have a goodThe primary objective of the present study is toexplanationassess the impact of out-of-home employment kingaboutit,butanxiety levels of both married and unmarriedPrabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 MayPage 5681
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015women. The current study is conducted to assessraw score then needs to be converted to anthe prevalence of anxiety in working women. In"Anxiety Index" score using the chart given inaddition it also compares anxiety levels of marriedtable-03. The "Anxiety Index" score can be usedworking women with unmarried working women.on the scale below in table-04, to interpret one'slevel of anxiety.Materials and MethodsThe current study was conducted on workingwomen of Dilla region of Ethiopia, on total of 146women in which 84 are married respondents andthe rest 62 are unmarried. The sampling ofrespondents has been done randomly in bothpublic and private organization. An informedconsent was taken from respondents. The personalinformation of the respondents kept confidential.A case control study was conducted amongworking married women and unmarried workingwomen in respect to their anxiety level, measuredby using Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale.Zung Self- Assessment Anxiety Scale is a 20- itemself-report assessment questioner built to measureanxiety levels as shown in table-1.The checkedmarks for each statement were compared with thekey given below in table-2, with value (1-4) thatcorrelateswith subjects responses toeachstatement.Each question is scored on a scale of 1-4 (basedon these replies: "a little of the time," "some of thetime," "good part of the time," "most of thetime"). Some questions are negatively worded toavoid the problem of set response. Overallassessment is done by total score.Adding up overall values for all statement, a totalscore of each respondent will be interpretedaccording to Zung Self-Assessment AnxietyScale. The total raw scores range from 20-80. ThePrabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 MayPage 5682
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015TABLE-1 QUESTIONNIERES. NO:AGE :Make check mark () in appropriate Colum1. I feel more nervous and anxious than usual1.2. I feel afraid for no reason at allSEX:Non orLittleof thetimeSomeof thetimeGoodpart ofthetimeMost orall of thetime3. I get upset easily or feel panicky4. I feel like I’m falling apart and going to pieces5. I feel that everything is all right and nothing badhappen6. willMy armsand legs shake and tremble7. I am bothered by headaches, neck and back pains8. I feel weak and get tired easily9. I feel calm and can sit still easily10. I can feel my heart beating fast11. I am bothered by dizzy spells2.12. I have fainting spells or feel faint13.3. I can breathe in and out easily14. I get feelings of numbness and tingling in myand toes15. fingersI am botheredby stomachaches or indigestion4.16. I have to empty my bladder often17. My hands are usually dry and warm18. My face gets hot and blushes5.19. I fall asleep easily and get a good night’s rest20. wereI havedeadnightmaresTOTALPrabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 MayPage 5683
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015Table- 2 key to scale the value of subject response of each statementMake check mark () in appropriate Colum2Goodpart ofthetime3412343. I get upset easily or feel panicky12344. I feel like I’m falling apart and going to pieces12345. I feel that everything is all right and nothing bad willhappen6. My arms and legs shake and tremble432112347. I am bothered by headaches, neck and back pains12348. I feel weak and get tired easily12349. I feel calm and and can sit still easily432110. I can feel my heart beating fast123411. I am bothered by dizzy spells6.123412. I have fainting spells or feel faint12.13. I can breathe in and out easily1234432114. I get feelings of numbness and tingling in my fingersand toes14. I am bothered by stomachaches or indigestion15.1234123416. I have to empty my bladder often123417. My hands are usually dry and warm43211. My face gets hot and blushes16.19. I fall asleep easily and get a good night’s rest weredead20. I have nightmares1234432112341. I feel more nervous and anxious than usual21.2. I feel afraid for no reason at allNon orLittleof thetime1Someof thetimeMost orall of thetimeTOTALPrabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 MayPage 5684
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015Table-3: Converting Raw Score Total to Anxiety IndexRaw score Anxiety Raw score Anxiety Raw 8899091939495969899100Table-4: Index scale showing the scores fall into four rangesRaw scoreRange20-4445-5960-7475-80Index scalerange25-5556- 7475-9394- 100Level of anxietyNormal rangeMild to Moderate Anxiety LevelsMarked to Severe Anxiety LevelsExtreme Anxiety LevelsOBSERVATION AND RESULTSregion of Ethiopia. The total score has beenBy using Zung Self- Assessment Anxiety Scale acalculated for each respondent and converted in tosurvey has been conducted among 146 workingindex and the results has been presented in thewomen both married and unmarried in Dillafollowing table-5 & graph-1 respectively.Prabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 MayPage 5685
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015Table -5: Range of anxiety levels in total respondentsRANGENormal rangeMild to Moderate Anxiety LevelsMarked to Severe Anxiety LevelsExtre me Anxiety LevelsTOTAL109 (74.65%)31 (21.24%)06 (4.11%)00 (0%)Graph-1: Range of anxiety levels in total respondentsRANGE OF ANXIETY LEVELS IN TOTALRESPONDENTS4.11% 0%Normal range21.24%Mild to Moderate AnxietyLevelsMarked to Severe AnxietyLevels74.65%Extreme Anxiety LevelsBy referring to table -5 and graph-1 it can be21.24%. In range of marked to severe anxietyconcluded that 76.65% respondents are underlevels of all respondents are 4.11% and there is nonormal range. Under category of mild to moderateincidence of extreme anxiety levels in over allanxiety levels from over all respondents areworking women both married and unmarried.Table -6: Illustrating Basing on marital status, distribution of respondents in different ranges.Marital statusNormal rangeunmarriedmarriedtotal51(82.25%)58 (69.05%)109 (74.65%)Mild toModerateAnxiety Levels9(14.52%)22 (26.20%)31 (21.24%)Marked to SevereAnxiety Levels02(3.23%)04 (4.75%)06 (4.11%)Prabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 MayExtre meAnxietyLevels000000total62 (100%)84 (100%)146 (100%)Page 5686
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015Graph-2: Illustrating Basing on marital status, distribution of respondents in different ranges.Distribution of respondents showing differencesby each .23% 4.75%Mild toModerateAnxietyLevelsMarked toSevereAnxietyLevelsunmarriedmarried0 0ExtremeAnxietyLevelsFrom the above table-6 and graph-2, it can be22 (26.20%) respondents are married workinginterpreted that the range of anxiety levels in twowomen.groups of working women has been categorized inIt shows a significant number of mild to moderatefour groups. The ranges in two groups have beenanxiety levels is more in married working womenpresented as follows.compared to unmarried working women.Normal rangeMarked to Severe Anxiety LevelsIn total 146 respondents both married andFromunmarried women 109 (74.65%) respondents hasrespondents has been classified under Marked tobeen classified under normal range, in whichSevere Anxiety Levels in which 02(3.23%)51(82.25%) respondents are unmarried workingrespondents from total 62 (100%) are unmarriedwomen and 58 (69.05%) respondents are marriedworking women and 04 (4.75%) respondents areworking womenmarried from total 84 (100%) respondents. ItIt shows that, there is high significant number ofshows a slight significant high level of marked tonormal range respondents in unmarried workingseverewomen comparing to married working women.comparing to unmarried women in total 1%)workingrespondents.Mild to Moderate Anxiety LevelsFrom the total of 146 respondents, 31 (21.24%)Extre me Anxiety Levelsrespondents has been classified under mild toThere is no incidence of response in both marriedmoderate anxiety levels in which 09(14.52%)and unmarried in this range of extreme anxietyrespondents are unmarried working women andlevels, from total 146 respondentsPrabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 MayPage 5687
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015Conclusion3. Heath H. Exploring the influences and useFrom the above analysis of the answers to theof the literature during a grounded theoryquestionnaire by the respondents, it can bestudy. J Res Nurs. 2006; 16: 519–28.concluded that a significant number of 74.65% are4. Abendroth A, Lippe T, Maas I. Socialnormal with no anxiety, 21.24% are mild tosupportmoderate anxiety levels,employed4.11% of re marked to severe anxiety levels and there is norelevance of the state, the workplace, andrespondents with extreme anxiety levels. It can bethe family. J Soc Sci Res. 2012; 41:581–concluded that there is a high significant levels of97.anxiety in working married women comparing to5. RstgarkhaldA.Relationbetweenunmarried women.work/family: Gender differences in socialIt is also observed that the level of anxiety is highsupportin marriedStud. 2004; 2:55–75.women compared tounmarriedandenjoyment. JWomenswomen. It can be even conclude by seeing the6. William W.K.Zung. A rating instrumentoverall scores, a married woman has to showsfor anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics.balance between their family and work, On the1971other hand unmarried working women has to7. Ramirez,S.LukenbillJ.(2008).focus on job with little concentration on family.Psychometric properties of the Zung Self-So comparatively anxiety is more in marriedRating Anxiety Scale for Adults withwomen.intellectual Disabilities (SAS-ID). JournalA detailed research with more sample size inofdifferent fields, need to be conducted about theDisabilities, Vol.20, No.6., PP. 573-580causes of anxiety in all associate co- existing8. Lindsay, W. R., & Michie, A. M. (1988).factors have to be ruled out in brief.DevelopmentalandphysicalAdaptation of the Zung self- rating anxietyscale for people with a mental handicap:ReferencesJournal of Mental Deficiency Research1. Javaheri F, Daryapur Z. Occupationalproblems of women faculty members. JVol. 32(6) Dec 1988, 485-4909. Perez Blasco, J., & Serra Desfilis, E.Womens Stud. 2008;2: 79–106.(1997).Influenceofthetraditional2. Hashemi A. Women, development and thefeminine role on the anxiety symptoms inmultiplicity of roles. Tehran: Publicationa sample of adult women: Anales deof Olive Leaf; 2001. A comparative studyPsicologia Vol. 13(2) 1997, 155-161.of female participation in the labor market10. Mc Carthy AM. Work- life integration:and other countries; p. 302.Prabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Mayexperiences of mid –career professionalPage 5688
JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 Page 5681-5689 May 2015workingmothers. JManagerialPsychol. 2008;23:25–32.11. Jamshidi A, Bahadori M, Jahanbakhsh M,Molavi H. Comparison between mentalhealth and social health of housewives andemployed in Isfahan city. 1 Congress ofSocialPsychology,Tehran,Iran. 2011:121–3.12. Karatepe O, Kilic H. Relationship ofsupervisor support and conflict in thework–family interface with job outcome offrontlineemployees. JTourManag. 2007;28:238–52.13. Kinnunen U, Vermulst A, Gerris J,Mäkikangas A. Work–family conflict andits relations to well-being: The role ofpersonality as a moderating factor. JPersonal Individ Differ. 2003;35:1669–83.Prabhanjan Kumar Vata et al JMSCR Volume 03 Issue 05 MayPage 5689
Zung Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale is a 20-item self-report assessment questioner built to measure anxiety levels. From the present analysis, it can be concluded that in overall respondents, 74.65% are normal with no anxiety and 21.24% are mild to moderate anxiety levels and 4.11% marked to severe anxiety levels and there
Anxiety and sleep questionnaires Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory The STAI [35] assesses self-reported anxiety (both state and trait anxiety) using a validated 40-item Likert scale questionnaire. State anxiety reflects transient (i.e., current moment) emotional anxiety due to situational stress. Trait anxiety assesses an individual’s .
the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), however in this study we will only be examining trait anxiety because trait anxiety is a measure of personality and state anxiety measures anxiety in specific situations (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg & Jacobs, 1983). Reducing trait anxiety would hopefully translate into a long term change in .
using Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), self-reported anxiety assessment arranging severity into 4 indexes ranging from normal range, minimal to moderate anxiety, marked to severe anxiety, and extreme anxiety. The study examined how each of the 18 individual EMSs serves as predictors of anxiety symptomatology in college
If you have social anxiety disorder, there are a number of strategies that you can use to learn to overcome your fear of social situations. For social anxiety disorder, tools in the toolbox include: TOOL #1: Observing your social anxiety. An important first step in learning to manage social anxiety involves better understanding your social anxiety.
Step 1: Learning about anxiety No matter what type of anxiety problem you are struggling with, it is important that you understand the facts about anxiety. Fact 1: Anxiety is a normal and adaptive system in the body that tells us when we are in danger. Therefore, dealing with your anxiety
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organizations. Anxiety refers to the organism’s response to real or current threat. Bowen sees that there are two kinds of anxiety: acute anxiety and chronic anxiety. Acute anxiety occurs when the threat is real, and is short-lived. Acute anxiety is about one’s reactions to stress.
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