Annual Conference Of The International Wader Study Group .
AnnualConference of the InternationalWader Study Group,Papenburg, Germany, 4-7 November 2004The 2004 IWSG annualconferencewashostedby Institutfiir of waders,the other on Monitoring land"andwas sponsored birds: in their non-breedingareas.by EWE stirtung,UmweltstiftungWeser-Ems,OLB stirtungSaturday morning began with the usual IWSG Annualand VolksbankWilhelmhavene.G. It was held in a mostGeneral Meeting followed by a full day of 'ordinary' ducation ference talks. The day ended with one of the highlights, acentre,Historisch-OkologischeBildungsst itte,justoutside socialevent led by Lack of Limits, a group that seemedtoPapenburg.inspireeventhe mostunlikelypeopleto losetheir inhibitionsAll who attendedthistremendouslysuccessfulconference and dancethe night away. An alternativehypothesisis thatare mostgratefulto theorganisingcommitteefor all theydid this was the influenceof the copiousquantitiesof very palto makeit suchan enjoyableandvaluableoccasion.It broke atable German beer!records:it coveredfour days, includedfour workshopsandOn the Sunday,atler a final morningof talks, our Chairwas attendedby more than 150 wadecologistsfrom 19coun- man, HermannH6tker,closedthe conferencewith a delighttries !fully witty r6sum6of the four daysof intensivewaderology.The core organizing committee consistedof: MichaelIn the afternoon,we dividedinto two excursiongroups,oneExo, ChristlaneKetzenberg,JuttaLeyrer,GregorScheiffarth went to Leybucht,the otherto Dollard. These were a greatand StefanThyen. Duringthe conferenceitself manyother conclusionto a great conference:we all saw enoughgeesepeople helped in all sortsof ways: running the conference to last a lifetime!office, looking after technicalthingslike microphonesandOver 150 peopleattendedthe in thebar:Martin Akkermann, 19 countries:Kerstin Kober, Wiebke Esser, Julia Delingat, GundollReichert, Heike Btittger, Stefan Wolff, Stefan Schrader,The Netherlands 43Spain3Nadine Oberdiek, Jochen Dierschke, Ralf Joest and MarenGermany37Canada3UK23South Africa3Tolske. All are warmly thankedfor their efforts.The conferencestartedon the Thursdaywith an all-dayPortugal5Italy2USA5Austria2workshop on Monitoring Arctic-breeding shorebirds: inDenmark5Russia2their breedingareasandan afternoonworkshopon Turnoverissuesat migration stopover sites - how many individualSweden4Norway2Poland4Belarus2birds use a site, whendo they arrive and how long do theystay? These were followed on Friday with anothertwo allAustralia3Argentina1France3day parallelworkshops,oneon Coastalsaltmarshesthroughout the worM: Significanceandmechanismsin life histories
Minutesof the 2004 InternationalWader Study GroupAnnual General MeetingThe 2004 IWSG Annual GeneralMeeting was held at 09.00hourson Saturday6 Novemberduringtheannualconferenceat Papenburg,Germany.The veryoneto Papenburgandgiving a shortintroduc-4. Treasurer's reportBob Loos referred to his written report that had been published in WSG Bulletin 104. There were no questionsabouthis report.The auditorsreport by Martin de Jong and Tomtionto thelocation,Historisch- )kologischeBildungsst itte,van der Have wasreadout by Bob Loos.This confirmedthatwhich is built and usedin an environmentallyfriendly way. the group'sfinanceswere in goodorder.Again, there wereno questions.1. ApologiesApologies were received from: Rowena Langston,DavidStroud,RodneyWest, PatriciaGonzalezand Hugh Boyd.2. Minutesof the 2003 AGMThe minutesof the 2003 AGM that had been publishedinWSG Bulletin 101/102 were agreed by the meeting andsignedby the Chairman.3. Chairman's reportHermannH6tker thanked the ExecutiveCommitteefor theirwork over the pastyear. He also thankedHumphrey Sittersand his team, Les Underhill and his team and David Stroudfor their work on publicationsaswell asthe businessteam,Rowena Langston, Bob Loos, Rodney West and RobinWard, andPetrade Goeij, ConferenceCo-ordinator,andOleThorup, Project Co-ordinator.The Chairmanstressed that the IWSGneeds more volun-teersandmore members.Help wasparticularlyneededwiththe Englishlanguageeditingof the next issueof Arctic Birds.5. Membership Secretary's reportIn the absenceof the MembershipSecretary,Rodney West,it was reportedby Robin Ward, who had beenhelpingwiththe maintenanceof the membershipdatabase,that membership hasdecreasedfrom 512 in 2003 to 464 in 2004.6. Editor's reportHumphreySittersstressedthree points.The WSG Bulletinlooks very professional. This is becauseof all the workFelicia Stochat the Avian DemographyUnit in SouthAfricahadput in. Unfortunatelyshehadhadto resigndueto healthproblems.Humphrey expressedthe group's thanksfor hersignificantcontribution.Robin Ward had edited the Notes & News section of theBulletin for 15 yearsbut had stoppedrecently,having takenon otherwork for the group.The audiencethankedhim forall his work. Humphreyfinishedwith a plea for memberstopublishtheirpapersin the WSGBulletin,andpointedout thatit was the only journal in the world that was read by theWWW, the WaderologistsWorld Wide!
4Wader Study Group Bulletin7. Project co-ordinators reportOle Thorup reportedthat in 2004 there has been only oneactiveproject:thespringRuff census,buthe didnotyet havethe results.Unfortunatelyit had not beenpossibleto publishBreeding Wadersin Europe,but electroniccopiesof sectionsof itcould be made available.Lars Maltha Rasmussengave an overview on the GoldenPlovercensusproject.Up to a million GoldenPlovershadbeencounted.It wasquiteencouraginghow manypeoplecooperated.A publication would soon appearin the WSGBulletin.MagdalenaRemisiewiczgavean overviewon the TringaGlareola2000 project.In spring2004 therehadbeena finalworkshopandthe projectwas in its last stages.It is time towrite the data down. Differentteams will take on this role.The aim is to publishthe resultsin 2005.Mikhael Solovievgave an overview of the Arctic BirdsBreeding Conditions Survey. Routine activities includedmaintainingthe website and publishingthe resultsin theWSG Bulletin. Work had startedon the compilationof theIWS volumescheduledfor 2005. Therewasreasonablygoodcoverageof RussiaandAlaska,butrelativelypoorresponseshad beenreceivedfor Europeand Canada.2004 is the lastof threeyearsfor whichthereis funding.A new applicationfor fundingwas neededto continuethe project.Ole Thorupmentionedthat the Committeefor HolarcticShorebirdMonitoring, CHASM, had been adoptedas anIWSG project. Hans Meltofte and others had formedCHASM duringa workshopin Denmark. CHASM aimstoco-ordinateshorebirdmonitoringthroughoutthe Arctic.workshops.The venuewas great and the organisingteamwas doinga superbjob. Next year's conferencewould takeplacein Irelandfrom 6 to 10 October.Even thoughthe workshopswere great,it is not likely that we will have so manyworkshopsat oneconferencein future.It clashes,for example, with the Executive Committee meeting. Also futureworkshopswill preferablybe on the Monday.For future conferenceswe have offers to organisethemasfollows: Sweden2006, southernEngland2007 andFrance2008.9. Election of officerstive Committeeand membersof the Execu-RowenaLangstonhadindicatedthat shewantsto stepdownasGeneralSecretarydueto too many commitments.GregorScheiffarthwasnominatedto take overthisrole andMagdalena Remisiewiczwas nominatedas a new member to theCommittee.Both were duly elected.Bob Loos, HumphreySitters,Petra de Goeij, HermannH6tker, Patricia Gonzalez, Elena Lebedeva, Pavel Tomkovich and Jim Wilsonwere re-electedto the Committee.RowenaLangstonwas re-electedas an ordinarymemberofthe committee.Martin de Jongand Tom van der Have werere-electedto the audit committee.10. Any other businessBob Loos confirmedthat the membershipsubscriptionfor2005 wouldnotbe increased.He pleadedfor earlypaymentof next year's membership.The membershipforms werealready available.8. Conference co-ordinators reportThe 2004 conferencewas a great successeven before the'official' IWSG meeting startedwith two days of doubleInternational Wader Study GroupAnnualConferenceWelcome2005to Cork!The annualconferenceof the IWSG will be held during6-10 October2005 at KnockadoonHead Field Centre,County Cork, Ireland, hostedby the rk andorganisedby LesleyLewis andJohnO'Halloran.Furtherdetailswill be availableon the web page:http://wsg.ucc.ie/.Pleasekeepchecking thisregularly,asnew informationon theconferencewill be postedtherefirst.Otherwise,contactLesleyLewis at: 2 The Youghals,Clonakilty,CountyCork, Ireland;telephone:(00353) 23 36730;email:limosa@eircom.net.Buffetin 105 December2004
1. Coastal saltmarshes throughout the world'significance and mechanisms in life histories of wadersSaltmarshesaregloballyspreadandmoreor lessimportantbreeding,stagingor winteringhabitatson severalwaderflyways.More than280 parativelylittle is knownaboutthe functionof thesehighly dynamicandunpredictablehabitatsat differentstagesin thelife historiesof waders.Thepurposeof thisworkshopwasthereforeto affordan opportunityfor an exchangeof experienceandknowledgeintegratingseveralaspectsof waderecologyfrom saltmarshsitesworldwide.The aimswereto emphasisethe significanceof saltmarshhabitatsin waderlife histories,to contributeto an improvementin understandingthefunctionof saltmarshesin waderbiology, to highlightopenquestionsand to inspireco-operationand coordinationin coastalwaderresearch and conservation.Stefan ThyenAbstractsChanges in land use and their consequencesfor saltmarshJ.P. Bakkercommunitiesof talksDirect and indirectinteractionsbetweenshorebirds, burrowing crabs, and marsh plants insouth-western& J. StahlUniversityof tre for Ecologicaland EvolutionaryStudies,Universityof Groningen,PO Box 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, the mento de Biologia, UniversidadNacional deMar del Plata, CC 573 Correo Central B7600WAG,Argentina. fbotto@mdp.edu.arj.p.bakker riculturallyexploitedsincetheiremergenceabout2600 Be.Since1000AD,saltmarsheshave been embankedand g the shedby sedimentationfields and artificial drainage systems,and subsequentlyembanked.Natural saltmarshes,i.e. includingdrainagebycreeksand without livestock grazing exist on somebackbarrier marshesand are up to 60 years old. Saltmarshesexperiencefloodingand inundationwaterbringssedimentthat includesnutrients.Saltmarshsuccessionis driven bynitrogeninput.During successionthequantityof thebiomass(dry weight, canopyheight)increases,but the quality (leaf/stemratio, crudeprotein)decreases.Relatedto the changesin biomassquantityandquality, an initial increaseand subsequentdecreaseis observedin the numbersof eandresidenthares.Haresfacilitatefor geese,whereaslivestockin its turnfacilitatesfor haresand geese.Long-term(up to 20 years)experimentally grazed and ungrazedisland and mainlandsaltmarshesoftenconfirmthe observationson naturalsaltmarshes.Cessationof livestockgrazingseemspositivefor thenumbersof waders,butlong-termstudiesarelacking.The first resultsof the effectsof de-embankingare consid-Estuariesfrom southBrazil to northPatagonia(Argentina)are importantstopoversitesfor shorebirds.Theseare characterizedby the intertidalburrowingcrab Chasmagnathusgranulatus.This crab glargecrabbedswith densitiesup to60 crabsm-2. Many directandindirectinteractionswerefound in es.Marshplantsarethemainsourceof energysupportinghigh crabdensities.Crabsaffect sedimentand theirassemblagesalterthe suitabilityof intertidalhabitatsusedbyshorebirds.While somespeciesexploittheseareasfor foraging,evenfeedingcloseto burrowsandmaximizingintakerates, others avoid crab beds. Given that crab beds are alsoavoided by people for recreational activities, the humaneffecton shorebirdsis differentfor speciesthatavoidor prefer these areas. Crabs also affect the abundance and availabil-ity of preyfor shorebirds.However,asthezonationpatternsof the benthicfauna are also altered,the result is a largerintertidalforagingareaavailablefor shorebirdsamongcrabbeds.Crabsalso occupypatchesof Sarcocorniaperennisacceleratingerosionratesat the centre,formingring-shapepatches.When thesepatchesjoin, barefiat areasare formedleadingto changesin the speciesd tributionof shorebirdsin such environments.ered.Bulletin105 December2004
6Wader Study GiroupBulletinPredationrisk on saltmarshes:a case study from the Firth of Forth, ScotlandW. Cresswell& D.P. WhitfieldUniversityof St Andrews,Schoolof Biology,Bute Building,St Andrews,Fife, KY16 9TS, UK.in CentralAsia may explain the existenceof only two majorflyways, the nominatesubspeciesmigratingalongthe eastern MediterraneanFlyway and sibirica migratingalongtheAustral-AsianFlyway, and the small populationsize on aglobal scale.wrlc @ st-and. ac. ukSaltmarshescan providegoodfeedingareasfor wadersbutmay alsohave high predationrisk. Wadersmay thereforehave to trade-off a decreasein the probabilityof starvationby feedingin a saltmarshagainstanincreasedprobabilityofbeing killed. We presentan overview of a systemwhereRedshanksachievevery high intakerateson a saltmarshbutalsosuffera veryhighriskof predationfromSparrowhawks.Use of the saltmarshis dependenton therateof energygainin safer habitats, daily energy expenditure and densitydependentcompetitionfor saferfeedingsites.When forcedto use the saltmarshas a feeding area, Redshanksuse anumberof effective anti-predationbehavioursto minimisetheirrisk of captureper Sparrowhawkattack.However,theystill suffervery high mortalitywhenthey areforcedto feedon the saltmarshfor long periodsduringwinter.The Sivash, Ukraine: salinity, prey quality andwind action determine staging opportunities forwaders in Europe's largestnon-tidal, lagoon systemT.M. van der Have , Y. Verkuil2& J. van der Winden FoundationWorkingGroupIntemationalWaterbirdand WetlandResearch (WIWO), Rijksstraatweg178,6573 DG Beek-Ubbergen,the atory,Universityof Groningen,PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren,the Netherlands.y. verkuil@biol.rug.nlFitness consequences of habitat selection the importance of saltmarshes as feeding habitatfor Avocetchicksin the WaddenSeaRalf Joest & Hermann H6tker 2 FriedrichstraBe12, 33619 -lnstitutimNABU,Goostroot1, 24861 Bergenhusen,Germany.With morethan 10,000breedingpairs,theWaddenSeacoastof the Netherlands,GermanyandDenmarkholdsa substantial partof the totalEuropeanbreedingpopulationof AvocetsRecurvirostraavosetta.In ondaryhabitatsanda considerableproportion is now breeding in reclaimed areas.However, innorthernGermany,breedingsuccessin reclaimedhabitatswasfoundto be consistentlylower thanin nearbysaltmarshhabitats.This might be a reasonto be concernedfor the conservationof the rs might explain the variation in breedingsuccess of Avocets in saltmarshes and embanked habitats.The impacton hatchingsuccessof eggpredationandflooding of breedingcoloniesseemsto be of minor importance.However, weather-relatedchick mortalitywasidentifiedasthe mainfactorexplainingannualvariationin breedingsuccessin both habitat types (H6tker & Segebade2000, BirdStudy47). In periodsof adverseweatherconditions,chickshaveto spendmoretime beingbroodedandthisreducesthetime the adultshave available for foraging.We comparedtime budgets,habitat selectionand foragingbehaviourofAvocet chicks in saltmarshes and embanked habitats in orderThe Sivashis situatedin the westernpartof the Seaof Azov,Ukraine, and is the largestunited lagoonsystemin Europeto investigatetheeffectof habitatselectiononchicksurvivalof Avocetsin the s.Half a nmigration. Salinity determinesspeciescompositionof potentialprey speciesvarying from brine shrimpsin hypersalinelagoonsto polychaetesandbivalvesin thebrackishlagoons.Wind actiondeterminesshort-termwaterlevel dynamicsandconsequentlyprey availability in the brackish lagoons,becausemudflats usually fall dry on the lee side of thelagoonsandmoresoduringstrongwinds.On theotherhand,brine shrimpavailabilityin thehypersalinelagoonsmay bereducedby he largenumberof relativelysmall,interconnectedlagoonscreatesa hugeshorelineanda virtualconstantsupplyof feedinghabitatfor mostof the 37 waderspeciesregularlystagingin the areadespiteor evendueto the daily variationin wind speedand direction,temperatureand rainfall. TheSivashis of particularhighimportancefor thenominatesubspecies of Broad-billed Sandpiper, as over 30% of theEuropeanpopulation stageshere at its last stopoversitebeforethebreedinggrounds.We showthatthe suitabilityofthe Sivashlagoonsfor Broad-billedSandpiperis relatedtothe high, local abundanceof macro-invertebratesand highavailabilityof feedingsites.The lackof similarstopoversitesBulletin105 December2004Saltworks as feeding grounds for shorebirdsJose A. Masero & Macarena Castro 2 Areade Zoologfa,Facultadde Ciencias,Universidadde Extremadura, A venida de Elvas s/n.E-06073 Badajoz, Spain.jamasero@unex.es.2Departamentode Biologœa,Facultadde CienciasdelMar y Ambientales,Universidadde C diz,E- 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.Coastalsaltworksor salinasarefunctionalwetlandssupporting importantnumbersof waterbirdsaroundthe world. Weassessedtherole of saltworksasfeedinggroundsfor severalshorebirdspeciesby reviewingdataabouttime spentforaging andnetenergyintakerateson intertidalnaturalareasandon saltworks. We concluded that saltworks are suitable for-aginghabitatsfor migratingshorebirdssuchasLittle Stint,CurlewSandpiper,Dunlin, Sanderling,Redshankor BlacktailedGodwit.We supportedtheideathatsaltworksarevaluablebuffer wetlandsthat may supplementdecliningnaturalhabitatfor many long-distancemigratingshorebirds,especially small-sizedcalidrid species.
Annual Conference: Workshops: 1. SaltmarshesAgricultural habitat provides an important dietarycomponent for Dunlin wintering on the FraserRiver delta: evidence from stable isotope analysisThe importance of the Wadden Seasaltmarshes for breeding wadersL.M. Rasmussen, D. Fleet, B. Hgtlterlein, B.J. Koks,P. Potel & P. S0dbeckLesley J. Evans Ogden, Keith A. Hobson,David B. Lank & ShabtaiBittman7Vester Vedstedvej 123, DK6760 Ribe, Denmark.larsmaltha @ mail. dkCentre for Applied ConservationResearch,UBC Dept of Forest Sciences, 3rd Floor,Forest Sciences Centre, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver,British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.Since1991, the breedingbirdsin the WaddenSeahavebeenmonitoredundera programmethat has providedessentiallesleyje@interchange.ubc.cadata on the importanceof this uniquearea.The resultsof two total surveysconfirm the outstandingAt the Fraser River delta, Canada's largest west coast value of the Wadden Sea, especiallyfor colonial breedingestuary,nativesaltmarshwasconvertedto agriculturalland species.Moreoverhabitatslike saltmarshes,brackishmeadover a centuryago. The value of this farmlandfor foraging ows andpermanentgrasslandin poldersare We evaluatedthe breedingareasfor severalterritorialspecies.Two groupsofproportionaluseof agriculturalversusestuarinefoodsources non-colonial wader speciescan be identified as showingusingstableisotopeanalysis(d13C,d15N) of Dunlin Calid- tat,ris alpina pacifica blood, testingfor individual, age, sex, ncesin whereasmost speciesdependanton terrestrial feeding infarmlandfeeding.Basedon single(d 13C) and dual isotope habitatsaffectedby farmingpractisesare ately38% ofSo far, habitatprotectionin the Wadden Seahasfocusedtheirdiet,with widevariationamongindividualsin theextent on marinehabitatsand colonialbreedingspecies.With theof terrestrialfeeding,rangingfrom an estimatedl to 95% of intensification of farming practises,many specieshavediet. Dunlin field-usepeaksin January.Youngerbirds had declineddramaticallyon inland meadows.At the sametime,higher terrestrialisotopicvaluesthan adults,obtainingan the importanceof saltmarshes,brackishmeadowsand peraverageof 43.2% of their diet from fields, comparedwith manentgrasslandin poldershasincreasedsignificantlyfor34.5% for adults.We observeda relationshipwith tempera- severalterritorialbreedingspecies.There is a need for tarture andprecipitationonly for adultdunlin.The isotopedata getednaturemanagementof theselarge areasof extensiveprovideno evidencefor sexor overallbody size effectson farmingto tionof diet from fields.The maintenanceof suitable for wadersof the WaddenSeaandnorth-westEurope.farmlandhabitatis an importantcomponentin conservationplanningfor thisDunlin population,andmay provesignificant on a wider geographicscale,particularlywhere nativeDistribution and abundance patterns ofhabitat such as saltmarsh has been removed or reduced.Redshank in the UK: How important issaltmarsh for breeding Redshanks?Jennifer Smart, Andrew Watkinson,Fitness consequences of habitat selection in theEurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegusMartijnvan de Pol, Leo Bruinzeel, Dik Heg,MarcelKersten& Bruno EnsUniversityof Groningen,Kerklaan 30, 9750 AAHaren, the Netherlands.m.van.de.pol @biol.rug.hiA populationof EurasianOystercatchershasbeenfollowedon theDutchWaddenSeaislandof Schiermonnikoogfor 22years.Oystercatchersbreedon the saltmarshandfeed on theintertidalmudflats.Somepairs have adjacentfeedingandnestingterritories,otherpairs have separatedfeedingandnestingterritories.This differencein spatialorganization,ata scaleof only a few hundredmetres,hasenormousconsequences.We will discusstheimportanceof territoryqualityversusindividualqualityin determiningreproductiveoutput.Becauseof consistentdifferencesin territoryquality,youngoystercatchersadjusttheir habitatselectionstrategy.Consequently, differential habitat selectionaffects populationdynamicsin this decliningpopulation.Jennifer Gill & William SutherlandUniversityof East Anglia, Sunnyside, Station Rd,Cantley, Norfolk,UK. jennifer.smart@uea.ac.ukAnimals are expectedto distributethemselvesin sucha wayas to maximisetheir reproductiveoutput.Thereforebreeding densityis oftenregardedas a proxy measurefor ostubiquitousof breedingwadersin the UK. Importantpopulationsof breedingRedshankcan be found on irof Scotland.It hasbeen estimatedthat 45% of the UK breeding population(Brindleyet al. 1998) and 10% of the NW Europeanpopulation (Piersma1986) currentlynestson saltmarsh,makingthis a habitatof both n this presentation,we give an overview of thedistributionandabundanceof breedingRedshankacrossa range of habitats within the UK and make somepredictionsof habitatqualityfrom patternsof breedingdensities.Bulletin105 December2004
8Wader Study Group BulletinSea level rise: Are breeding Redshank Tringa totanuscaughtbetweenthe sea walland the deepbluesea?Jennifer Smart, Andrew Watkinson,Jennifer Gill & William SutherlandUniversityof East ifer.smart@uea.ac.ukIn the UK, the highestdensitiesof breedingRedshanksarefoundon saltmarshes.Thiscouldbe interpretedasevidencethat saltmarshis thehighestqualitybreedinghabitatfor thespecies.However,breedingdensitiesmay not accuratelyreflecthabitatquality,particularlyin velrise(SLR)isthemostcertainof climatechangeimpacts,andfor re.Thekeyimplicationsof SLR are a lossor declinein the availabilityor suitabilityof saltmarshandpotentiallossesof othercoastalhabitats.Mitigationmaynotbe possiblein thecoastalzone,andsoareprotectedby natureprotectionlawsor aredesignatedasnationalparks.This presentationgivesan overviewof thelocation,typeandsizeof themarshes,presentsdataon spatial developmentandsummarisesthe aimsof the trilateralmanagementarrangementsas well as within the differentcountries.The mainfocusof thepresentationwill be a summary of the responseof the birdlifeto differentsaltmarshmanagementregimesin the WaddenSea.The importance of the WaddenSea saltmarshes for reproduction ofRedshanks Tringa totanusStefanThyen, Heike B0ttger& Klaus-MichaelExoInstitutfor Vogelforschung,An der Vogelwarte 21,26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.stefan.thyen ortant.However,therelativequalityof thesedifferenthabitatsforbreedingwader The majority of the es lationsarein decline,butpopulationdifficult to devise.East Anglia is both low-lying and has Whereasmany inland populationsand even the coastalimportantbreedingpopulationsof Redshanks.Theirhabitof populationof Great Britain tionbreedingon bothcoastalandinlandhabitatsmakesthisan duringrecentdecades,to anunderidealspeciesfora comparativestudyof habitatquality.Here, is relativelystableat a highlevel.To contributeRedshankreproductionwaswe presenta comparisonof Redshankbreedingsuccesson standingof marshesanddiscuss studiedat differentWaddenSeabreedingsitesin Germany.thesefindingsin relationto the productionof highquality At a mainland site in the western Jadebusen(since 2000)mitigationhabitatsto replacefuturelossesof coastalhabitats. and on WangeroogeIsland (2003), ding,e.g.,nest-siteselection, behaviourandhabitatuseof adults,wereinvestigated.Wadden Sea saltmarshes, management and birdlife At the mainlandsite, hatchingsuccesswas extremelylow(1-11% of clutchesin 2000-2003) due to high predation,M. Stock, B. Haelterlein & K. Eskildsenwhereasit was comparativelyhigh on the island (89%).NationalparkamtSH Wattenmeer,Schlossgarten1,25832 Toenning,Germany.Stock@Nationalparkamt.dePotential causes of these substantialdifferences are pre-sentedanddiscussed.We alsotry to assesspossibleconse-quenceson demographyand populationdynamicson aThe WaddenSeasaltmarshesarea uniquehabitatalongthecoastlinesof Denmark,GermanyandtheNetherlands.TheyBulletin105 December2004broaderspatialscale.
2. Monitoring Arctic-breeding shorebirds: in their breeding areasThis workshopfocussedon improvingand coordinatingexistingprogramsthat monitorshorebirdsin theirArctic cparametersof denvironmentalfactors.Invitedspeakersdescribed(1) geographicandlogisticalconstraintsfacedby Arcticshorebirdbiologistsaroundtheworld,(2) intensivedemographic/ecologicalstudieson Arctic shorebirds,and(3) lessintensivechecklist/densitystudies.The remainderof the day was spentondevelopingandfinalizingprotocolsthatcanbe implementedcircumpolar-wide.Suchprotocolswill be published in a future issueof the Wader StudyGroup Bulletin.Rick LanctotAbstractsThe slippery slopes of assessing the status ofmontane-nesting shorebirds: a protocol for AlaskaRobert Gill, Lee Tibbitts,Colleen Handel & Dan RuthrauffAlaska Science Center, U.S. GeologicalSurvey,1011 East TudorRoad, Anchorage,Alaska, USA.robert gill@usgs.govof talksThe use of double-sampling and habitat-basedregression models for estimating shorebirddistributionand abundancein NorthAmericaR.B. Lanctot , B. Andres2, J. Bart3,S. Brown 4 & J. Johnson U.S. Fishand WildlifeService(USFWS),Anchorage,Alaska, USA. Richard Lanctot@fws.gov;Mountainsareprominentfeaturesof all continents,but vey (USGS), Boise, Idaho, USA;associatedavifaunas are generally poorly known. Such4Manomet Center for anddifficultto work in, withManomet, Massachusetts, USA.Alaskaanexemplarof each.Beginningin thelate 1990s,wedesigneda protocolto inventoryprimarilymontane-nestingshorebirdsand implementedit between2001 and 2003 on The Arcticportionof theProgramfor RegionalandInternasome81,000 km2 of National Park lands in north-west tionalShorebirdMonitoring(PRISM) recommendsperiodic,Alaska. Building from the few small-scalestudiesdonepre- comprehensivesurveysof breedingshorebirdsin the Arcticviouslyin thisregion,our objectivewastwo-fold: 1) design region of North America to estimatepopulation size anda protocolthat was efficient and repeatableunderexisting trends, and to provide information on distribution, abunandnear-futureconstraintsof economicsand logistics,and dance,andhabitatrelationships.PRISM relieson a double2) obtain sufficient data on the occurrence,abundance,and samplingmethodthat includesintensiveandrapid surveyshabitatrequisitesof individualspeciesto allow multi-scale at a sampleof plots selectedrandomlywithin a studyareadetec(point,plot, andlandscape)descriptionsof habitatassocia- and stratifiedby ions(distribution,relativeabundance,and tion rates are estimatedby conductingintensivesurveysondensityfor abundantspecies).a smallsampleof plotsthatarealsosurveyedusingtherapidFrom a stratified and randomizedgrid we selected69, method.After collectingdataat a largenumberof locations,10 x 10 km plots. Within each, we conducted20-28 point
Minutes of the 2004 International Wader Study Group Annual General Meeting The 2004 IWSG Annual General Meeting was held at 09.00 hours on Saturday 6 November during the annual conference at Papenburg, Germany. The Chairman, Hermann H6tker, opened the meeting, wel- coming everyone to Papenburg and giving a short introduc-
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
