Introduction To ANSYS Meshing Module 01: Core Skills
Introduction to ANSYS MeshingModule 01: Core SkillsDr. Ahmed Nagib Elmekawy
OverviewIn this lecture we will learn: Meshing Fundamentals ANSYS Meshing interface Geometry concepts Meshing methods Diagnostics & Usability Display Option Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics2
Preprocessing WorkflowMeshingGeometryImport /Creation3GeometryCleanup /ModificationsPreprocessingand Solution
Mesh Process & Course PlanGlobalControlsModule 3MeshingMethodsModule 2CoreSkillsModule 1MeshQualityModule 54LocalControlsModule 4
What is ANSYS MeshingANSYS Meshing is a component of ANSYS Workbench Meshing platform Combines and builds on strengths of preprocessing offerings from ANSYS:– ICEM CFD, TGRID (Fluent Meshing), CFX-Mesh, GambitAble to adapt and create Meshes for different Physics and Solvers CFD: Fluent, CFX and POLYFLOW Mechanical: Explicit dynamics, Implicit ElectromagneticIntegrates directly with other WB systems5
Meshing FundamentalsPurpose of the Mesh Equations are solved at cell/nodal locations–Domain is required to be divided intodiscrete cells (meshed)Mesh Requirements Efficiency & Accuracy– Refine (smaller cells) for high solution gradients and fine geometric detail.– Coarse mesh (larger cells) elsewhere. Quality– Solution accuracy & stability deteriorates as mesh cells deviate from idealshape6
Launching ANSYS MeshingANSYS Meshing is launched within Workbench– 2 ways:From Analysis SystemsFluid Flow (Fluent), Static Structural, From Component SystemsMeshDouble clickMesh in theSystemor right click andselect Edit10
Graphical User InterfaceToolbarsOutlineGraphics windowWorksheetDetails viewManage viewsMessage windowMesh MetricsSection PlanesEntity Details Bar8Units Bar
OutlineThree default sections Geometry– Bodies Coordinate Systems– Default global & user defined systems Mesh– Meshing operations (controls & methods) displayed in the order in which they are insertedIn the tree Right clicking on any object– launches a context sensitive menu– Example: contains commands to generate, preview, clear mesh etc.9
Details ViewAccessing Object Details Select an object (in the Outline)– Related information to that object are displayed in the Details View below– Ex: Select a body (“Fluid”) in the Outline Details of “Fluid” : contains graphical and geometric details– To access meshing details Click the Mesh object or any of the inserted objects The Details View provides options to– review,– edit, or– input10values for every object in the Tree
Geometry Configuration – Multiple Parts Geometry composed of Multiple parts– No connection between parts (no face sharing)‘Contact Region’is automaticallycreated between2 facesGrid interface- FluentEach partmeshedindependentlyResults in Non-conformal interface.Meshes do not match.No nodes connection.Independent faces11GGI - CFXContact Mechanical
Hexa vs. Tetra Hexa: Concentration in one directionHexa– Angles unchanged Tetra: Concentration in one direction– Angles change Prism: Concentration in one directionTetra– Angles unchangedPrismTetra (in volume)Prisms (near wall)12
Geometry Configuration – Multi-bodyParts Geometry composed of multiple bodies in a part– Depend on ‘Shared Topology method’ (in DM) None– Results in a no connection between the bodies (similar tomultiple parts) AutomaticNote: The CFX users willstill get duplicate nodesat interface in CFX, whichis fine for its solverFaces in contact imprinted & fused toform a single face shared between 2 bodies13Results inConformal meshCommon face actsas ‘Interior’
Geometry Configuration – Multiple – body Parts Geometry composed of multiple bodies in a part ImprintsFaces are imprintedon each other ‘like’ faces14Contact Regionis automaticallycreatedFor identical mesh on thesefaces, use ‘Match Control’Results in unconnected meshnonconformalinterfaceGrid interface- FluentGGI - CFX
Meshing – 3D Geometry (1) 3D cell Types First Meshing ApproachPart/Body MethodsPart/Body based Meshing occurs at part orbody level. Meshing Methods are scopedto individual bodies. Method assignment can beautomatic or manual. Bodies contained in one partare conformally meshed.15 Tetrahedrons. Tetras only Sweep. Prisms & hexahedrons MultiZone. Mainly hexahedron Hex Dominant Not for CFD Automatic. Sweep PC Tet (Dependson bodies) or PC Tet
Meshing – 3D Geometry (2) Second Meshing Approach (mainly for CFD users)Cut Cell MeshingAssembly Meshing Meshes an entire model in oneprocess. Assembly of parts Performs boolean operations. Volume filling, intersection &combination Does not require prior fluid bodydefinition or shared topology. Conformal mesh created acrossparts.16Assembly MeshingMethods Generate mainly Hexahedrons TetrahedronsPart/Body Meshing& Assembly Meshingnot interoperable
Diagnostics: Mesh display By Body Connection (New in R17.0)Default meshdisplayTurningwireframemode onTurning on Mesh display bybodyconnection.19
Named Selections (1)Named Selections are groups of geometric or finite element entities: Named selections can be created either by selecting the desired items and clicking the “NamedSelection” icon in the context toolbar or RMB Named Selection OR using the named selectionworksheet (shown later).RMB Named selections must be composed of “like” entities (all surfaces or all edges, all nodes, etc.).18
Named Selections (2)A new criteria selection can be based on an initial selection: Make an initial selection followed by a RMB “Create Named Selection”. Note, initial selection must be a single entity.Selection here willcreate the first row ofthe worksheet.RMB 19Convert to nodal named selection immediately.
Named Selections (3)In many detail window fields Named Selections can be referenced directly: In the Details view, change “Scoping Method” from “Geometry Selection” to “NamedSelection” Select the “Named Selection” from the pull-down menu A named selection toolbar provides quick access to basic controls “View Toolbars NamedSelections”:20
Usability: Option to save mesh out to separate file (New in R17.0) When “Save Mesh Data inSeparate File” is on the mesh issaved as a separate file (*.acmo). Duplication, Resume, Replace, andSave will handle the separatedatabase and acmo files. Clear generated data will notremove the acmo file. Reset willremove the acmo file. Design Points (also w/RSM)support the separate database andacmo files.This functionality is particularly helpful on Linuxto keep file sizes smaller.21
Usability: Better Meshing Status in R17.0 Progress is reported as parts are meshed in parallel As a part is meshed the topology (edges, faces, bodies) are highlighted to show what isbeing worked on– This can be turned off by unchecking “Highlight”– If user stops meshing, entity will stay highlighted, allowing user to find problematic geometry easierIf user stops meshing, parts that have beenmeshed are done. Restarting meshing resumesonly with unmeshed parts22
Usability: Folders for Meshing Controls in R17.0 Mesh controls can now be grouped for easierorganization Option: Group All Similar Children, will group allobjects based on type Options to suppress, rename, nest groups,ungroup, delete objects in group Drag and drop capabilities to modify the grouping23
Display Option: Color by qualityProbe ElementValues29Find Min orMax value Displays mesh color by quality metricsOptions to probe quality or show min/maxContour band can be adjustedDisplay meshcontours
Section Planes (1)Displays internal elements of the mesh Elements on either side of plane can be displayed Toggle between cut or whole elements display Elements on the planeEdit Section Plane buttoncan be used to drag section plane to new location Clicking on “Edit Section Plane” button will make section plane’s anchor to appearMultiple section planes are allowedFor large meshes, it is advisable to switch togeometry mode (click on geometry in the TreeOutline), create the section plane and then goback to mesh model39
Section Planes (2) Shaded section planes (New in R17.0)– Shaded or hollow section plane– Plot by body color or same color for section plane26
Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics Displays mesh information for Nodes and Elements List of quality criteria for the Mesh Metric– Different physics and different solvers have different requirements for mesh qualityMesh metrics available in Workbench Meshing include:––––––––Element QualityAspect RatioJacobean RationWarping FactorParallel DeviationMaximum Corner AngleSkewnessOrthogonal QualityFor Multi-Body Parts, go to corresponding body in Tree Outlineto get its separate mesh statistics per part/body27
Mesh Metric Graph Displays Mesh Metrics graph for the elementquality distribution Different element types are plotted withdifferent color bars Can be accessed through menu bar usingMetric Graph button Axis range can be adjusted using controlsbutton (details next slide) Click on bars to view corresponding elementsin the graphics window– Use to help locate poor quality elements28
Mesh Metric Graph Controls Elements on Y-Axis can be plotted with twomethods;– Number of Elements– Percentage of Volume/Area Options to change the range on either axis Specify which element types to include in graph––––––Tet4 4 Node Linear TetrahedronHex8 8 Node Linear HexahedronWed6 6 Node Linear Wedge (Prism)Pyr5 5 Node Linear PyramidQuad4 4 Node Linear QuadrilateralTri3 3 Node Linear Triangle Te10, Hex20, Wed15, Pyr13, Quad8 & Tri6 non-linearelementsFor more information about the different mesh metrics please consult module 05: Mesh Quality29
SummaryWhat have we learnt in this session: The global process to run ANSYS Meshing On overview of the interface and The various Geometry configurations– Multiple parts– Multi-body parts– Multiple body partsAnd the associatedshared topology option Meshing methods– Part/body based– Assembly meshing Section Planes Diagnostics & Usability Mesh Statistics & Mesh Metrics Display option30
Workshop 1.1 CFD – ANSYS WB Meshing Basics31
Workshop 1.1 FEA – ANSYS WB Meshing Basics32
Introduction to ANSYS MeshingModule 2:Meshing Methods
Meshing MethodsWhat you will learn from this presentation Meshing Methods for Part/Body Meshing– Assembly Meshing covered separately Methods & Algorithms for;– Tetrahedral Meshing– Hex Meshing– 2D Meshing Meshing Multiple Bodies– Selective Meshing– Recording Meshing Order34
Preprocessing WorkflowGeometry CreationORGeometry ImportSketches andPlanes3D OperationsExtrude, Revolve,Sweep, etcGeometry ImportOptionsDirect CAD/BiDirectional CADGeometryOperations3D OperationsBoolean, BodyOperations, Split,etcMeshingMeshingMethodsHybrid Mesh: Tet,Prisms, PyramidsHexa Dominant,Sweep meshingGeometryCleanup andRepairAssemblyMeshingAutomaticCleanupGlobal MeshSettingsMerge, Connect,Projection, FlowVolumeExtraction, etcLocal MeshSettingsSizing,Body/Sphere ofInfluence, MatchControl, etc35Solver
MethodsWhy Multiple Methods? Choice can depend on;– Physics– Geometry– Resources Mesh could require just one or acombination of methods. Example – Typical mesh designbased on geometric, physics andresource considerations.Hex (3d) or Quad(2d) cells used tomesh simpleregions36High aspect ratio cells(Inflation) near wall tocapture boundary layergradientsCells refined aroundsmall geometricdetails and complexflowTet (3d) or Tri (2d) cells used here to meshcomplex region
Inserting Methods In the Outline, right click Mesh, Insert Method– Select body in Details View Or, in the Graphics Window, Select body(s) , rightclick, Insert Method– Body automatically selected in Details View Method is selectable using the drop down box– Select, Automatic, Tetrahedrons, Hex Dominant,Sweep or Multizone37
Tetrahedrons MethodMethod Behavior Generates tetrahedral elements - two algorithms areavailable: Patch Conforming Patch Independent38
Tetrahedrons Method: Patch ConformingMethod & Algorithm Behavior Bottom up approach: Meshing process starts from edges, faces and then volumeAll faces and their boundaries are respected(conformed to) and meshedGood for high quality (clean) CAD geometries– CAD cleanup required for dirty geometrySizing is defined by global and/or local controlsCompatible with inflationAccess Insert Method and set to Tetrahedrons– Additional drop down box for algorithm choiceappears - Set to Patch Conforming39
Tetrahedrons Method: Patch IndependentMethod & Algorithm Behavior Top down approach: Volume mesh generated first and projected on to faces and edgesFaces, edges and vertices not necessarilyconformed to– Controlled by tolerance and scoping ofNamed Selection, load or other objectGood for gross de-featuring of poor quality(dirty) CAD geometriesMethod Details contain sizing controlsCompatible with inflationAccess Insert Method and set to Tetrahedrons– Additional drop down box for algorithmchoice appears - Set Patch Independent40
Tetrahedrons Method: AlgorithmComparison (Surface Mesh)Geometry containingsmall detailsPatch Conforming:Allgeometric detail iscapturedPatch Independent: Canignore and defeaturegeometry
Tetrahedrons Method: AlgorithmComparison (Volume Mesh)Geometry containingsmall detailsPatch Conforming:Delaunay mesh –smooth growth ratePatch Independent: DefaultOctree Mesh – approximategrowth rateSmooth Transition optioncreates Delaunay mesh42
Tetrahedrons Method: ControlPatch Conforming Sizing– Mesh sizing for the Patch Conforming algorithmis defined by Global & Local Controls– Automatic refinement based on curvatureand/or proximity accessible in Global Controls Details of Global & Local Controls covered inseparate lectures– Choice of surface mesher algorithm in globalcontrolsProximityCurvature43
Tetrahedrons Method: ControlPatch Independent Sizing– Sizing for the Patch Independent algorithmdefined in Patch Independent Details– Automatic curvature & proximityrefinement option44
Tetrahedrons Method: ControlPatch Independent Defeaturing Control– Set Mesh Based Defeaturing On– Set Defeaturing Tolerance– Assign Named Selections toselectively preserve geometryNamed Selection assignedand Defeaturing Tolerance 0.03m. Features 0.03mrespected.Defeaturing Tolerance Off45
Tetrahedrons Method: ApplicationExamples46Patch ConformingPatch Independent Clean CAD, accurate surface mesh Dirty CAD, defeatured surface mesh
Hex Meshing47
IntroductionTet MeshHex MeshingElements: 48K Reduced element count– Reduced run time Elements aligned in direction of flow– Reduced numerical errorMethods Available Sweep MultiZone Hex Dominant (not recommended forCFD)Initial Requirements Clean geometry May require geometric decomposition48Sweep MeshElements: 19K
Sweep MeshingMethod BehaviorSweep Path Meshes source surface, sweeps through to thetarget– Body must have topologically identical faceson two ends, (which act as source and targetfaces) Generates hex/wedge elements Side faces must be mappable Only one source and one target face is allowed– Alternative ‘Thin’ sweep algorithm can havemultiple source and target facesAccess Insert Method and set to Sweep49Side Face(s)Target FaceSource Face
Sweep MeshingSource/Target (Src/Trg Selection) Automatic– Source & target faces identified automatically– Not compatible with inflation Manual Source & Manual Source and Target– User selection (required for inflation)– Compatible with inflation Automatic Thin & Manual Thin– Multiple source and target faces– Not compatiblewith inflationSweep Direction50Source FaceTarget Face
Sweep MeshingSrc/Trg Selection Behaviour Automatic selection requiresthat the application find theSource and Target. Specifyingboth Source & Target willaccelerate meshingAutomatic SelectionSweep Mesh No inflation Inflation– Must specify at least Sourcemanually when usingInflation & Sweep Method– 2D inflation defined onsource face from boundaryedges then swept throughvolume, source musttherefore be specified firstManual SelectionSweep Mesh with inflation
Sweep MeshingSweepPathRotational Sweeping Sweep meshes can also becreated by sweeping a Sourcearound an axisTargetFace Example: Src/Trg Selection Rotational sweep for sectorgeometry– Rotational sweeping requiresboth Source & Target to beselected For both rotational and axialsweeping Source & Target facesare color coded when selected52Manual Source &Target SelectionSourceFace
Sweep MeshingSrc/Trg Selection: Automatic Thin& Manual Thin Selects an alternate sweepalgorithm Advantages– Capable of sweeping multipleSource & Targets– Can perform some automaticdefeaturing Disadvantages– For Multibody Parts only onedivision across the sweep isallowed– Inflation & Sweep Bias notallowed53SourceFacesTargetSource FacesImprinted on Target
Sweep MeshingHow to Identify Sweepable bodies ANSYS Meshing can identify sweepable bodies automatically– Rotational Sweep bodies are not identified Right click Mesh object in Outline and select Show Sweepable BodiesGeometry54RMB on Mesh to findsweepable bodiesSweepable bodies ingreen color
Sweep MeshingHow to Ensure Bodies are Sweepable Bodies which will not allow sweeping can be decomposed into a numberof topologically simpler sweepable bodies Decomposition can be performed in CAD/DM Example 1Unsweepable body55Decomposed inCAD/DMSweepable!
Sweep MeshingExample 2T Junction GeometryUnsweepableDecomposed inCAD/DMSweepable!56
MultiZone MeshingMethod Behavior Based on blocking approach used in ANSYS ICEMCFD Hexa Automatically decomposes geometry into blocks Generates structured hex mesh where blocktopology permits– Remaining region (Free Mesh) filled withunstructured Hexa Core or Tetra or HexaDominant mesh. Can select source & target faces automaticallyor manually– Can have multiple source faces Compatible with 3D inflationAccess Insert Method and set to MultizoneTarget faces should also be selected as “Source” for MultizoneMethod as mesh is swept from both directions57MultiZoneMesh
MultiZone Meshing Mapped Mesh Type - determines the shape of theelements used to fill structured regions (the default isHexa). Hexa - All hexahedral elements are generated Hexa/Prism - For swept regions, the surface mesh canallow triangles for quality and transitioning Prism - All prism elements are generated– This option is sometimes useful if the source facemesh isbeing shared with a tet mesh, as pyramids are not required totransition to the tet mesh Surface Mesh Method – specifies method to create thesurface mesh. Program Controlled - automatically uses a combinationof Uniform and Pave mesh methods depending on themesh sizes set and face properties Uniform - uses a recursive loop-splitting method whichcreates a highly uniform mesh Pave - creates a good quality mesh on faces with highcurvature, and also when neighboring edges have a highaspect ratioSurface mesh method UniformSurface mesh method PaveRelease 14.5
MultiZone MeshingExample 1 59Single body automatically decomposed into three blocksSrc/Trg Selection – AutomaticResults in all hex meshEquivalent to manually decomposing by slicing off upperand lower cylinders to produce three bodies andapplying sweep methods
MultiZone MeshingExample 2 Blend on central body, Multizone no longer abletocreate structured block– Filled according to Free Mesh setting Tetra, Hexa Core, Hexa Dominant Can specify type of surface mesh using MappedMesh Type (Hexa, Hexa/Prism, Prism)60
Automatic Method
Automatic MethodMethod Behavior Combination of Tetrahedron PatchConforming and Sweep Method– Automatically identifies sweepablebodies and creates sweep mesh– All non-sweepable bodies meshedusing tetrahedron Patch Conformalmethod Compatible with inflationAccess Default Method where not specified Can specify by inserting Method andsetting to Automatic62
2D Meshing63
Methods for 2D Meshing Patch Conforming eQuad– Automatic Method (QuadrilateralDominant) & Triangles Patch Independent Methods– Multizone Quad/Tri– Full Quad will be generated if "All Quad" isselected as Free Face Mesh Type Advanced size functions and local sizecontrols are supported64Multizone Quad/Tri & Multizone Quad Methods werepreviously called Uniform Quad/Tri and UniformQuad till R14.0
2D Meshing Control & InflationMapped Surface Meshes Fully mapped surface meshes andspecified edge sizing/intervals can beobtained by applying local controls– Covered in the Local Mesh Controlslecture2D mesh with Inflation Boundary edges are inflated Support for global and local inflationcontrols652DMappedMesh
2D Mesh Solver GuidelinesANSYS FLUENT For a 2D analysis inANSYS CFX For 2D analysis in CFX, create aFLUENT generate themesh in the XY plane (z 0). For axisymmetricapplications y 0 and make sure that thedomain is axisymmetric about x axis In ANSYS Meshing, bydefault, a thickness isdefined for a surfacebody and is visible whenthe viewis not normal tothe XY Plane. This ispurely graphical – nothickness will be presentwhen the mesh isexported into the FLUENT2D solver66volume mesh (using Sweep) that is 1element thick in the symmetrydirection, i.e.,Thin Block for Planar 2DThin Wedge ( 5 ) for 2D Axissymmetric
Meshing Multiple Bodies67
Selective MeshingWhat is Selective Meshing? Selectively picking bodies and meshing them incrementallyWhy use Selective Meshing? Bodies can be meshed individually Mesh seeding from meshed bodies influences neighboring bodies (user 68has control)Automated meshing can be used at any time to mesh all remainingbodiesWhen controls are added, only affected body meshes require remeshingSelective body updatingExtensive mesh method interoperability
Selective MeshingLocal meshing Mesh or clear meshes on individualbodies Subsequent bodies will use the attached facemesh The meshing results (cell types) will depend onthe meshing order Adjust/add controls – able to remesh onlyaffected body Select body(s) right click for context menuMeshing first the pipe then the block69Meshing first the block then the pipe
Selective MeshingRecording Mesh Operations When using selective meshing the orderof meshing can be recorded forautomated future use Right click Mesh in the Outline forContext Menu Worksheet is generated recording meshoperations as ordered steps Named Selections are automaticallycreated for each meshed body forreference in the Worksheet– Example; Meshing cylinder then block70
Selective MeshingSelective Body Updating Remeshing only bodies that have changed Access option through Tools Options– No: All geometry updated, all bodiesremeshed.– Associatively: Accommodates for bodytopology change (add/delete) (slower)– Non-Associatively: Assumes no topologychange (faster) Example; Geometric change to block.
Workshop 2 – Introducing Meshing Methods
AppendixContents 73Hex Dominant MeshingSweep Meshing Biasing & Complex GeometrySurface Meshing with InflationMesh ConnectionsShell MeshingPatch Independent Tetrahedrons - Transition
Hex Dominant Meshing The mesh contains a combination of tetand pyramid cells with majority of cellbeing of hex type Useful for bodies which cannot be swept Useful for CFD applications not requiringinflation Useful for CFD in the range ofacceptable Skewness or OrthogonalQuality mesh quality metricsAccess RMB on Mesh Insert Method Definition Method74
Hex Dominant Meshing Example:Geometry withvalve inside75Hex DominantMesh generated
Hex Dominant MeshingFree (unstructured) Face Mesh Types Determines the element shape in the free zone (wherestructuredmeshing is not possible)Options Quad/Tri All Quad– May insert triangular elements depending on complexity of geometry76
Hex Dominant MeshingExample:Higher no. ofelementsFree Face Mesh Type:Quad/TriGeometry withvalve insideLower no. ofelementsFree Face Mesh Type:All Quad77
Sweep Meshing Control: Free (unstructured) Mesh TypeSource faceelements: OnlyQuadType: All QuadSource faceelements: Quadplus TriType: Quad/TriSweepable GeometrySource faceelements: Only TriType: All Tri78
Sweep MeshingControl: TypeElement size inswept direction2mmSweep Element SizeNo. of elements inswept direction: 10Sweepable GeometrySweep Num Divisions79
Sweep Meshing Control: Sweep Bias TypeUniform meshNo BiasCells areconcentrated onone sideSweepable GeometryWith Bias
Sweep Meshing : Complex geometry81
Tetrahedrons Method: Patch IndependentTransition Effect of Smooth Transition Smooth transition uses advancedfront meshing techniqueSmooth Transition Off (default)82Smooth Transition On
ANSYS Meshing is a component of ANSYS Workbench Meshing platform Combines and builds on strengths of preprocessing offerings from ANSYS: –ICEM CFD, TGRID (Fluent Meshing), CFX-Mesh,Gambit Able to adapt and create Meshes for different Physics and Solvers
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