Bio-based Building Blocks And Polymers – Global Capacities .
orDfata1802Bio-based Building Blocksand Polymers – Global Capacities,Production and Trends 2018 – 2023EPDMPPPEPETPBTPVCPBATPropyleneVinyl ccinic acid1,3 cacidPUPAItaconicacidLignocellulosePlant oils5-HMF/5-CMFHemicelluloseDN5CaprolactamFatty MPGNatural RubberStarch-based PolymersLignin-based PolymersCellulose-based PolymersABSNatural rylic acidFructosePFALCDAPHAUPRPAEpoxy resinsPUPUPUAuthors:Raj Chinthapalli, Pia Skoczinski, Michael Carus, Wolfgang Baltus,Doris de Guzman, Harald Käb, Achim Raschka, Jan RavenstijnFebruary 2019This is the short version of the market study (380 pages, 3,000).Both are available at www.bio-based.eu/reports.
Table of ContentsGlobal Markets and Trends of Bio-based BuildingBlocks and Polymers 2018 – 2023ImprintBio-based Building Blocksand Polymers – Global Capacities,Production and Trends 2018 – 2023PublisherMichael Carus (V.i.S.d.P.)nova-Institut GmbHChemiepark KnapsackIndustriestraße 30050354 Hürth, GermanyAuthor of the short versionMichael Carus, EditionNorma Sott2019-02Order the full reportThe market report and moretrend reports can be orderedfor 3,000 plus VAT atwww.bio-based.eu/reportsAll nova-Institute graphicscan be downloaded atwww.bio-based.eu/graphicsExecutive summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bio-based Polymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bio-based Building Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Global production capacities of bio-based polymersby region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Market segments for bio-based polymers. . . . . . . . . . . .Authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nova-Institute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358910121416
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023Global Markets and Trends of Bio-based Building Blocksand Polymers 2018 – 2023Executive summary2018 was a very good year for bio-based polymers: Several additional capacities wereput into operation.The new market and trend report “Biobased Building Blocks and Polymers –Global Capacities, Production and Trends2018 – 2023” from the German nova-Instituteshows capacities and for the first time alsoproduction data for all bio-based polymers.In 2018 the total production volume reached7.5 million tonnes – these are already 2%of the production volume of petrochemicalpolymers. The potential is much higher, butis currently hampered by low oil prices anda lack of political support.The production of bio-based polymershas become much more professional anddifferentiated in recent years. By now, thereis a bio-based alternative for practically everyapplication. The capacities and production ofbio-based polymers will continue to grow withan expected CAGR of about 4% until 2023,almost at about the same rate as petrochemicalpolymers and plastics Therefore, the marketshare of bio-based polymers in the total polymerand plastics market remains constant at around2% (Figure 1).Plastics production from 1950 to 2017350Production (million tonnes)300Bio-based worldwide 7.2 MtFossil-based worldwide 348 MtFossil-based Europe (EU28 NO/CH) 65 Mt2017250200150100501950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020Includes thermoplastics, polyurethanes, thermosets, elastomers, adhesives,coatings and sealants and PP-fibres. Not included PET-, PA-, and polyacryl-fibres.Data sources:PlasticsEurope, Consultic and nova-Institute -Institute.eu 2019Figure 1: Plastics production from 1950 to 2017 (nova-Institut 2019) nova-Institut GmbH 2019 Version 2019-02 www.bio-based.eu/reports 3
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023The increase in production capacity is mainlybased on the expansion of the polylacticacid (PLA) production in Thailand, thepolytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and starchblends in US. Especially PLA and starch blendswill continue to grow significantly until 2023.Also new capacities of bio-based polyamides,polyethylene (PE) and, for the first time,polypropylene (PP) and poly(butylene adipateco-terephthalate) (PBAT). The great hopefulpolyethylene furanoate (PEF) will presumablyonly be able to offer commercial capacities after2023.Overall, the market environment remainschallenging with low crude oil prices and littlepolitical support.4 So far, the two major advantages ofbio-based polymers have not beenpolitically rewarded. The first advantageis that bio-based polymers replace fossilcarbon in the production process withrenewable carbon from biomass. This isindispensable for a sustainable, climatefriendly plastics industry and is not yetpolitically rewarded. The second advantage is offered byabout a quarter of bio-based polymerproduction: They are biodegradable(depending on the environment) andcan therefore be a solution for plasticsthat cannot be collected and enter theenvironment where they can biodegradewithout leaving behind microplastics.Only a few countries such as Italy,France and, in future probably Spainwill politically support this additionaldisposal path.The most important market drivers in 2018were brands that want to offer their customersenvironmentally friendly solutions andcritical consumers looking for alternatives topetrochemicals. If bio-based polymers were to beaccepted as a solution and promoted in a similarway as biofuels, annual growth rates of 10 to20% could be expected. The same applies assoon as the price of oil rises significantly. Basedon the already existing technical maturity ofbio-based polymers, considerable market sharescan then be gained.The market report is updated every yearand the update for the year 2018 offers veryspecial highlights: It contains comprehensiveinformation on capacity development from2018 to 2023, per bio-based building block andpolymer and for the first time production data forthe year 2018, per bio-based polymer. A total of17 bio-based building blocks and 16 polymersare covered in the report. In addition, the newissue includes analyses of market developmentsand producers per building block and polymer,so that readers can quickly gain an overviewof developments that go far beyond capacityand production figures. For the first time, adetailed research, calculation and explanationof the market development of cellulose acetate(CA), bio-based epoxy resins and bio-basedpolyurethanes was made possible through acooperation with the main experts in this area.The deep dive into the producing companieswas comprehensively updated and shows now173 detailed company profiles – from start-upsto multinational corporations.The data published annually by EuropeanBioplastics (www.european-bioplastics.org/market/) are taken from the market report ofthe nova-Institute, but with a reduced selectionof bio-based polymers. nova-Institut GmbH 2019 Version 2019-02 www.bio-based.eu/reports
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023Bio-based PolymersFigure 2 shows all commercially realizedpathways from biomass via different buildingblocks and monomers to bio-based polymers.As in previous years, we have added severalpathways and some new intermediates.EPDMPPPEPETPBTPVCPBATPropyleneVinyl ccinic acid1,3 cacidPUPAItaconicacidLignocellulosePlant oils5-HMF/5-CMFHemicelluloseDN5CaprolactamFatty ralNatural RubberStarch-based PolymersLignin-based PolymersCellulose-based PolymersABSNatural RubberLysineHDMASuperabsorbentPolymersAcrylic acidFructoseSaccharosePFALCDAPHAUPRPAEpoxy resinsPUPUPUAll figures available at www.bio-based.eu/markets -Institute.eu 2019Figure 2: Pathways to bio-based polymers (nova-Institut 2019) nova-Institut GmbH 2019 Version 2019-02 www.bio-based.eu/reports 5
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023Schematic differentiation of pathways of drop-in,smart drop-in and dedicated bio-based chemicalsCrude Oil / NaphthaNatural Gas / MethaneChemicalsCoal / Syngas / FTDrop-insEPDMPE / PPPETBiomassSmart drop-insEpoxy resinsPBATPBS (X)PTTPUR – based on other polyols than NOPsDedicatedCAPEFPHAPLAPUR – based on NOPsStarch blendsAll figures available at www.bio-based.eu/marketsNewChemicals -Institute.eu 2019Figure 3: S chematic differentiation of pathways of drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated bio-basedchemicals.1 Selected bio-based polymer examples are shown for each classification group.Figure 3 shows the different pathways of biobased “drop-in”, “smart drop-in” and “dedicated”inputs within the chemical production chain.For each group certain bio-based polymers areexemplarily shown. The different bio-basedpolymer groups are subject to different marketdynamics. While the drop-ins have directpetrochemical counterparts and can substitutethem, the dedicated ones have new propertiesand functionalities that petrochemistry does notprovide. Both have their own advantages anddisadvantages from a production and marketperspective.Figure 4 summarises the results of the results ofthe 380-page report and shows the developmentof capacities from 2018 to 2023 on the basisof forecasts by current and some additionalproducers. Here an increase is shown from 8Mio. tonnes production capacity in 2018 to 9.6Mio. tonnes in 2023, which means an expectedyearly growth rate of about 4% (CAGR).With an expected CAGR of 10% between 2018and 2023, Europe will display the highest growthof bio-based polymer capacities compared toother regions of the world (see Figure 7).If only the new dedicated polymers (fordefinition see Figure 3) are considered, thegrowth rates are expected to be even higher(CAGR 5%), as Figure 5 shows. In the groupof dedicated bio-based polymers, price pressurestemming from cheap crude oil is lower thanfor other groups because there are no directpetrochemical counterparts.1 Source: Carus, M. et al.: Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals. Version 2017-12.Free download at: www.bio-based.eu/technology).6 nova-Institut GmbH 2019 Version 2019-02 www.bio-based.eu/reports
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023Production capacities (million tonnes)Bio-based polymers production capacities in 2018 and 2023202310820186420Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC)Cellulose acetate (CA)Epoxy resinsEthylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM)Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)Polyamides (PA)Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymersPolyethylene (PE)Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)Polylactic acid (PLA)Polypropylene (PP)Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)Polyurethanes (PUR)Starch blendsAll figures available at www.bio-based.eu/markets -Institute.eu 2019Figure 4: Bio-based polymers production capacities in 2018 and 2023Production capacities (million tonnes)Dedicated bio-based polymers production capacities in 2018 and 20237652023201843210Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclicCellulose acetate (CA)Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)Polylactic acid (PLA)Polyurethanes (PUR) – based on NOPsStarch blendsAll figures available at www.bio-based.eu/markets -Institute.eu 2019Figure 5: Dedicated bio-based polymers production capacities in 2018 and 2023 nova-Institut GmbH 2019 Version 2019-02 www.bio-based.eu/reports 7
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023Bio-based Building BlocksFigure 6 illustrates the development of capacitiesfor the main bio-based building blocks, the coreof the new bioeconomy, used for the productionof polymers. Between 2018 and 2023, theCAGR of 4.5% will be only slightly higher thanthat of bio-based polymers (4%) as a whole.The building blocks can be used in structuralpolymers as well as in functional polymers (fordefinition see below) and also in various otherapplications such as food, feed, cosmetics orpharmaceuticals.Production capacities (million tonnes)Bio-based building blocksEvolution of worldwide production capacities from 2011 to 20233.5Adipic acid (AA)11-Aminoundecanoic acid (11-AA)1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO)Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)Epichlorohydrin (ECH)EthyleneFuransIsosorbideD-lactic acid (D-LA)L-lactic acid (L-LA)LactideMonoethylene glycol (MEG)Monopropylene glycol (MPG)1,5-Pentametylenediamine (DN5)1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)Sebacic acidSuccinic acid (SA)32.521.510.5201120122013201420152016All figures available at www.bio-based.eu/markets201720182023 -Institute.eu 2019Figure 6: Bio-based building blocks – Evolution of worldwide production capacities from 2011 to 2023The overall production capacity of bio-basedbuilding blocks increased about 5% (120,000t/a) in 2018, although some pioneers wentbankrupt. The overall forecast for bio-basedbuilding blocks evolution worldwide indicatesa total growth by 4.5% until 2023 with8 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), 1,4-butanediol (1,4BDO), 1,5-pentamethylenediamine (DN5) and2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) / furandicarboxylic methyl ester (FDME) being themain drivers. nova-Institut GmbH 2019 Version 2019-02 www.bio-based.eu/reports
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023Global production capacities of bio-based polymers by regionBesides the leading Asian region which hasinstalled the largest bio-based productioncapacities worldwide with 53% in 2018, Europefollows with 18% and North and South Americawith 17% respectively 11%. In the next fiveyears, the share of Europe will rise to 25% until2023 – all other regions will face decreasingshares (see Figure 7).Global production capacities of bio-based polymers by region in 2018 and 2023(excluding polyurethanes, epoxy resins and cellulose acetate)1%1%17%18%201815%25%11%20239%America – NorthAmerica – SouthAsia53%All figures available at www.bio-based.eu/marketsEurope50%Oceania -Institute.eu 2019Figure 7: G lobal production capacities of bio-based polymers by region in 2018 and 2023 (excludingpolyurethanes, epoxy resins and cellulose acetate)This increase is mainly due to the dedicatedbio-based polymers PEF, PHA, PLA and starchblends as well as the new established bio-basedproduction capacity of PP, the increase in PEcapacity and an increase in polyamides andPBAT.This shows that the substantial investment inresearch and development in Europe is bearingfruit. Now, if the political framework weredesigned more favourably, the bioeconomy inEurope could really flourish. Technology andbusiness are ready. nova-Institut GmbH 2019 Version 2019-02 www.bio-based.eu/reports 9
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023Market segments for bio-based polymersToday, bio-based polymers can be used in almostall market segments and applications, but theapplications per polymer are very different.Figure 8 shows a summary of the applicationsfor all polymers.Shares of the produced bio-based polymersin different market segments in 2018 and 20232%1%1% 2%2%1%1% 1%Consumer goodsBuilding and construction6%28%9%6%Automotive and transports30%8%Textiles (incl. woven, non-woven and fibres)Packaging - rigid (incl. food serviceware)201811%202310%Packaging - flexibleElectrics and electronics (incl. casing)19%21%19%Agriculture and horticulture22%Functional (adhesives, coatings, cosmetics etc.)OthersAll figures available at www.bio-based.eu/markets -Institute.eu 2019Figure 8: Shares of the produced bio-based polymers in different market segments in 2018 and 2023Consumer goods make up the largest share ofactually produced bio-based polymers with28% in 2018 (mainly PUR, epoxy resins andPA), followed by the building and constructionsector (epoxy resins, PA, PUR) with 21%, theautomotive and transport sector with 19% (epoxy10 resins, PA, PUR) and the packaging (flexible andrigid) (PLA, PBAT, PE, PET, starch blends)with 15%, as well as textiles (wovens and nonwovens) (CA, PA, PLA, PTT) with 11%. For2023, no significant changes are expected withregard to market application shares. nova-Institut GmbH 2019 Version 2019-02 www.bio-based.eu/reports
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018 – 2023Bio-based Polymers & Building BlocksUPDA19 TE20UPDA19 TE2020Data128Dfaorta01 for8The best market reports availableBio-based Building BlocksBio-based Building Blocksand Polymers – Global Capacities,and Polymers – Global CapacitiesProduction and Trends 2018 – 2023and Trends icPBTMEG TerephthalicVinyl Aof worldwide production capacitiesfrom THF2011 toSBR2022p-Xylene6PUIsobutanolGlucosePHA Succinic acid1,3 p-inPlant oils2,5-FDCA/FDMEFatty hlorohydrin201420152016 2017Polyols20182019 PUFurfurylalcoholMPG2013 De-icerEngineering plastics and epoxy curingagents/hardenersHerbicides, fungicides, regulators of plantgrowthIntermediate for lacquers photographic chemicalsPlasticizer (replaces phtalates, adipic acid)PolymersSolvents, lubricantsSurface cleaning agent(metal-/electronic-/semiconductor-industry) PFALCDA 20202021SuccinicAcidOtherPTF Caprolactam2012 ABSFood5-HMF/5-CMFHemicelluloseDN5Natural RubberStarch-based PolymersLignin-based PolymersCellulose-based Polymers -Institut.eu 2018 Smart Drop-in SuperabsorbentPolymersItaconicacidNatural RubberLysineHDMAPA2 DedicatedIndustrialAcidic ingredient for denture cleaner/toothpasteAntidoteCalcium-succinate is anticarcinogenicEfferescent tabletsIntermediate for perfumesPharmaceutical intermediates (sedatives,antiphlegm/-phogistics, antibacterial, disinfectant)Preservative for toiletriesRemoves fish odourUsed in the preparation of vitamin AAcrylic acidFructoseSaccharoseLignocellulosePU2011 PBS(X)1,4-ButanediolSorbitolAPCPTT illion TonnesSuccinic acid: New bio-basedbuilding block with a huge marketand environmental potential?PVCPBAT3Carbon dioxide (CO2) as chemicalfeedstock for polymers – technologies,polymers, developers and producersPHA2022 UPRBread-softening agentFlavour-enhancerFlavouring agent and acidic seasoningin beverages/foodMicroencapsulation of flavouring oilsPreservative (chicken, dog food)Protein gelatinisation and in dry gelatinedesserts/cake flavouringsUsed in synthesis of modified starch Anodizing AluminiumChemical metal plating, electroplating bathsCoatings, inks, pigments (powder/radiation-curablecoating, resins for water-based paint,dye intermediate, photocurable ink, toners)Fabric finish, dyeing aid for fibresPart of antismut-treatment for barley seedsPreservative for cut flowersSoil-chelating agentPAEpoxy resinsPUPUFull study available at www.bio-based.eu/reportsPUAuthors:Authors:Raj Chinthapalli,Michael Carus,Baltus, Baltus,Raj Chinthap
Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers Global Capacities, Production and Trends 2018– 2023 Bio-based Polymers Figure 2 shows all commercially realized pathways from biomass via different building blocks and monomers to bio-based polymers. As in previous years, we have added several pathways and some new intermediates.
159386 BIO BIO 301 Biotechnology and Society 158405 BIO BIO 202 Microbiology and Immunology 158396 BIO BIO 304 Ecology of Place 159428 BIO BIO 300 Population, Resources and Environment 159430 BIO ENS 110 Populations, Resources and Environment 151999 ENG ENG 340 Global British Literature
Dawn Roush, Env Mgr 14 Kevin Goodwin, Aqua Bio Spl 13 Bill Keiper, Aqua Bio Spl 13 Sam Noffke, Aqua Bio 12 Lee Schoen, Aqua Bio 11 Elizabeth Stieber, Aqua Bio 11 Kelly Turek, Aqua Bio 12 Chris Vandenberg, EQA 11 Jeff Varricchione, Aqua Bio 12 Matt Wesener, Aqua Bio 11 Marcy Knoll Wilmes, Aqua Bio Spl 13
Bio-based acrylic acid -stalled R&D due to low petro price Bio-based MMA Slow but growing R&D. No commercial production Lucite using building blocks (bio-acetone, bio-ethylene, bio-methanol, etc.) or a novel one-step fermentation route (undisclosed) Itaconic acid route; Isobutene/Isobutanol route; Isobutyric acid route
Bio-based Polymers – Full Market Study Bio-based Building Blocks and Polymers – Global Capacities and Trends 2016 – 2021 (2017-01) About 500 pages and 200 tables & figures 4,750 The Study Includes all Single Reports Market data on bio-based building blocks and polymers & Qualitative analyses of selected bio-based polymers
includes bio-based shares at different levels. The bio-based share for structural polymers, which are the focus of the study, is 2%. For polymers overall, however, the bio-based share is even higher (8.3%) because of the higher bio-based shares in rubber (natural rubber) and man-made fibres (mainly cellulosic fibres). In 2011,
on bio-based chemicals and materials Vision & Policy Bio-based Building Blocks Bio-based Polymers Biodegradable Solutions Biorefineries NEW Bio-based Fine Chemicals (Food Ingredients, Flavours, Body Care, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals) Innovation Award „Bio-based Material of the Year 2019“ www.fkur.com www.neste.com
AlphaGuard BIO The AlphaGuard BIO System is a liquid-applied, bio-based, two-component, polyurethane roof restoration system. The development of AlphaGuard BIO is derived from unique bio-based, polyurethane technology. The high bio-content makes for a sustainable, environmentally responsible roofing product while
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