The Uses Of Portable FT-IR Spectroscopy In The Power .
The Uses of PortableFT-IR Spectroscopyin the PowerGeneration IndustryJim FitzpatrickMobile FT-IR Product SpecialistAgilent Technologies, Inc.July 16, 2013Confidentiality Label1
Spectroscopy“Spectroscopy” is the study of how electromagnetic radiation interacts with the atomsand molecules that compose matter“Infrared” spectroscopy is specifically the study of how infrared light (heat) isabsorbed by the bonds between atoms that form moleculesA spectrum is a graph of how much infrared light is absorbedby molecules at each wavenumber of infrared lightPeaks appear where sampleabsorbs iality Label2
HexaneH H H H H H H–C–C–C–C–C–C–H HHHHHHAbsorbanceC – H stretchH – C – H bendWavenumber (cm-1)Confidentiality Label
HexanolH H H H H H H–C–C–C–C–C–C–O–H AbsorbanceHO – H stretchHHHHHC – O stretchWavenumber (cm-1)Confidentiality Label4
What role can FT-IR play in thePower Generation Industry?Confidentiality Label5
FT-IRInfrared has been anestablished method forover fifty yearsRelegated to laboratoriesdue to Its large size Complexity of use Expensive Generates data and notactionable answers.dueto Its large sizeConfidentiality Label6
Mobile FT-IR Agilent has pioneered theintroduction of portablespectrometers Comparable results tolaboratory spectrometers Field-ruggedized for nonideal conditions Intuitive, actionable answers Methods driven software –expert user not requiredConfidentiality Label7
Analysis of Lubricants-Lubricants protects parts, inherent part of a machine (without it, the machine does not functionproperly) and prevent premature system/ machine failure-Lubricants have a finite life (determined by certain specifications) beyond which they do not performtheir role.-Without a proper lubrication management program, lubricated machines and engines see theiroperating costs and maintenance costs skyrocket-FT-IR spectroscopy can easily determine if an oil is fit for function or notConfidentiality Label8
Causes of oil failureThe most common cause of failure of lubricating oil is oxidation.Oxidation is caused by: HeatExtreme PressuresHigh sheer conditionsWater– Accelerates oxidation by forming peroxides– Can cause wash out of antioxidants and other additives Metal wear particles– Acts as a catalysts that accelerate oxidation Electrostatic sparking– Introduces nitratesEarly detection of oxidation in oil is critical tothe success of any preventative maintenanceprogramConfidentiality Label9
Oxidation Oxidation is a chemical change within the lubricating oil that significantly lowers itlubricity and shortens remaining useful life. It is critical to extend the life of the lubricating oil and to minimize oxidation. This isdone with the use of anti-oxidants Aminic and Phenolic Based Additives are sulfur based –- They function as preservatives to prevent oxidation and to inhibit theoxidation mechanism- Will not reverse oxidation damage- Once they are consumed, consumed oxidation skyrocketsConfidentiality Label10
Infrared Spectrum of Oil2.0Hydrocarbon Oil 40.2Various Oxidation/Nitration Products,and AdditivesWater/AmineAntioxidantDemulsifyingAgents, RustInhibitors, FoamSuppressants,And iality Label11
Measuring Anti Oxidants in Turbine OilPhenolic DBPC,di-tertiary-butylparacresolAminic aDPA, alkyl 6703665366036553650 3645 3640Wavenumber3635363036253620361536103460 3455 3450 3445 3440 3435 3430 3425 3420 3415 3410 3405340 3400 33955Wav
ASTM 2412 Crankcase Mineral Crankcase Oil (A2 Method) Mineral Military Oil Mineral Rotella T 15w40 Mineral Mobile 1 Synthetic Transformer ASTM D2668 - Antioxidants Compressor Monolec LE6403 ISO 68 Crude Water in Crude Oil (0 - 1%) Water in Crude Oil (0 - 80%) Other Antifreeze in water Wa
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
