INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY - Home Science Tools
INTRODUCTION TOBOTANY9
TEXTBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTSTEXTBOOK LESSON 1LAB SUPPLY LISTJUNIOR NOTEBOOKING JOURNAL SAMPLEREGULAR NOTEBOOKING JOURNAL SAMPLEFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSTHIS IS A PREVIEW. THE NUMBER OF PAGES DISPLAYED IS LIMITED.
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. 9LESSON 1:WHY BOTANY MATTERS?.13Welcome.14Creative Creator.16Nature Journaling.17Activity 1.1: Think Like a Scientist.18Activity 1.2: Make a Nature Journal.19Using Your Nature Journal Likea Scientist.19Activity 1.3: Journal About Nature.21Science of Botany.21Activity 1.4: Observe Leaf Veins.25Activity 1.5a: Observing Absorption.25Activity 1.5b: Walking Water Without aVascular System .26Activity 1.6: Go on a Nature Hunt .27To Seed or Not to Seed.27Seedless Plants.28What Do You Remember?.28Activity 1.7: Grouping Plants .29Activity 1.8: Make a Light Hut .29Activity 1.9: Grow Edible Plants .30LESSON 2:SEEDS.31Sleeping Seeds.32Testae. 33Activity 2.1: Design a Seed.34Activity 2.2: Examine Your Seeds.35Anatomy of A Seed.35Activity 2.3: Identify Dicots and Monocots.37Germination.38What Do You Remember.39Activity 2.4: Label the Parts of a Seed.39Activity 2.5: Compare GerminationConditions.40LESSON 3:ANGIOSPERMS.43Flowering Plants.44Activity 3.1: Disect a Flower.46Activity 3.2: Label a Flower.49Activity 3.3: Walk in Nature.49Flower Families.50Activity 3.4: Plant a Sunflower.51Think About This.53Activity 3.5: Label an Orchid.54Flesh Eating Flowers.55What Do You Remember?.58Activity 3.6: Design a Flower.59Activity 3.7: Preserve a Fresh Flower.59LESSON 4:POLLINATION.61Pollination.62Think About This.63Bees.63Other Insects.67Activity 4.1: Explore FlowerPollination.68Bird Pollinators.68Activity 4.2: Build a HummingbirdFeeder.69Mammal Pollinators.70Activity 4.3: Illustrate AnimalPollinators.71Wind Pollination.71Why Most Flowers Don’tSelf-Pollinate.72Self-Pollination.73The Pollinated Flower.73What Do You Remember?.74Activity 4.4: Illustrate What You Learned.74Activity 4.5: Create a Comic Strrip.74Activity 4.6: Make a Butterfly Garden.75Mov
LESSON 5:FRUIT.77A Flower’s Fruit.78Fruits and Veggies.79Fruit Kinds.79Activity 5.1: Observe Insects ona Banana.80Activity 5.2: Catagorize Fleshy Fruits.81Activity 5.3: Split a Squash.82Think About This.82Dry Fruits.83Activity 5.4: Find and Illustrate Fruits.84Seed Scattering.85Activity 5.5: Examine Burrs.88What Do You Remember?.91Activity 5.6: Discribe Seed Dispersal.91Activity 5.7: Preserve the Color of Fruit.92LESSON 6:LEAVES.93Leaf Mouths.94Making Food.96Photosynthesis.97Sunshine Energy.97Activity 6.1: Burn a Candle in a Jar.98Color-Fill.98Activity 6.2: Block the Sun.99Activity 6.3: Sprout Potatoes.100Transpiration.100Activity 6.4: Test Transpiration.101Falling Leaves.102Activity 6.5 Preserve Leaf Color.103Anatomy of a Leaf.103Simple Leaves and Compound Leaves.104Leaf Arrangement.104Leaf Venation.104Leaf Shapes.105Leaf Margins.107What Do You Remember.107Activity 6.6 Illustrate the Anatomyof a Leaf.107Activity 6.7 Make a Leaf Storybook.108Activity 6.8 Collect Leaves.108viLESSON 7:ROOTS.109Good Soil.110Nutritious Soil.111Activity 7.1: Make a Quick Compost.112Root Hairs.114Root Growth.114Preventing Erosion.115Floating Roots.116Geotropism.116Activity 7.2: Discover Geotropism.117Root Systems.118Geophytes.118Rooting.119What Do You Remember?.120Activity 7.3: Illustrate Roots.120Activity 7.4: Classify Roots.121Activity 7.5: Clone Vegetables ThroughRooting.121LESSON 8:STEMS.123Plant Structure.124Activity 8.1: Explore Xylem .125Woody and Herbaceous Stems.126Activity 8.2: Draw Woody andHerbaceous Stemmed Plants.127Succulent Plants.128Auxins.128Activity 8.3: Imitate Phototropism.129Examples of Phototropism.129What Do You Remember?.130Activity 8.4: Color a Flower.130Activity 8.5: See Auxins in Action.131
LESSON 9:GARDENING.133Your Edible Garden.134Gardening Power.134Better Foods.135Activity 9.1: Create a Garden Journal .136Activity 9.2: Plan Your Garden .136Tools for Gardening.137Raised Bed Garden.137Location.138Building Your Bed.138Width and Length of Garden.138Activity 9.3: Build Your Raised Bed .139Soil .139Mixing Your Soil.140When to Plant.140Image of USDA Hardiness Map.141Growing Seasons by Zone.141What to Plant When.142Activity 9.4: Journal Your Plan .142Planting Seedlings.142Spacing Plants.142Tall to Small.143Activity 9.5: Map Your Garden.143Watering Your Garden.144Activity 9.6: Make an IrrigationSystem.144Maintaining Your Garden.145Fall and Winter Ideas.148What Do You Remember.149Activity 9.7: Draw Your Garden.149LESSON 10:TREES.151Trees are Special.152Trees are Important.153Activity 10.1: Identify Things MadeFrom Trees.153Animal Shelter.153More Tree Facts.155Activity 10.2: Plant Some Trees.155Seed Making.155Tree Growth.156Twig Anatomy.157Activity 10.3: Measure Twig Growth.158Activity 10.4: Estimate the Height ofa Tree.158Growing Outward.159Tree Trunks.160Trunk Layers.160Tree Bark Patterns.161Activity 10.5: Make a Bark Rubbing.161Thirsty Trees.162What Do You Remember?.162Activity 10.6: Diagram a Tree’sLayers.163Activity 10.7: Make a Tree FieldGuide.163vii
LESSON 11:GYMNOSPERMS.165Uncovered Seeds.166Conifers.166Activity 11.1: Measure GeneralSherman.167Activity 11.2: Compare Transpiration.169Activity 11.3: Identify and IllustrateLeaves.170Cycads.172Ginko Biloba.172Forests.173Forest Fires.175What Do You Remember.176Activity 11.4: Write a BristleconePine Story.176Activity 11.5: Opening and ClosingPinecones.176LESSON 12:SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS.177Sporangium.178Fern Anatomy.179Fern Lifecycle.180Pteridomania.182Activity 12.1: Create Fern Artwork.183Type of Ferns.184What Do You Remember?.185Activity 12.2: Illustrate a Fern.185Activity 12.3: Build a Small FernTerrarium .186LESSON 13:NONVASCULAR PLANTS.187Brophytes.188Mosses.189Uses for Mosses.189Liverworts.191Activity 13.1: Hunt for Moss andLiverwort.192Lichens.192What Do You Remember?.195Activity 13.2: Illustrate the MossLife Cycle.195Activity 13.3: Build a Lichenometer.196Activity 13.4: Create Moss Graffiti.197viiiLESSON 14:MYCOLOGY.199Fungi.200Consumers.201Fungus Among Us.201Yeasts.201Activity 14.1: Experiment with Sugarand Yeast.203Molds.204Activity 14.2: Test MoldEnvironments.206Mushrooms.207Mushroom Lifecycle.208Dust in the Wind.211Spore Dispersal.212Saprotrophs.212Fairy Rings.213Parasitic Mushrooms.213Mycorrhizal Mushrooms.214What Do You Remember?.214Activity 14.3: Mycorrhizal MissionStory.215Activity 14.4: Hunt Mushrooms.215Activity 14.5: Grow EdibleMushrooms.216APPENDIX.219Supply List.220Answer Key.223Index.231Photo Credits.237
THIS IS THE START OFTEXTBOOK SAMPLETHIS IS A PREVIEW. THE NUMBER OF PAGES DISPLAYED IS LIMITED.
LESSON 1WHY BOTANYMATTERS
LESSON 1digging deeperThen God said, “Let the earth producevegetation: seed-bearing plants and fruittrees on the earth bearing fruit with seedin it according to their kinds.” And it was so.The earth produced vegetation: seed-bearingplants according to their kinds and treesbearing fruit with seed in it according to theirkinds. And God saw that it was good. Eveningcame and then morning: the third day.Genesis 1:11–13WELCOMEAll animals that live in the rainforestdepend on plants for survival.As you embark on this year’s science course, discovering the secrets of all God created on the third day,remember that the Earth is the Lord’s and everything belongs to Him—including you!Your journey into the wonderful world ofbotany begins right here, right now. All that youlearn this year will be important for the rest of yourlife. Why? Well, let’s find out.Botany, as you probably know, is the studyof plants. It is one of the most important fields ofscience in the whole world. Why? It’s because ourvery survival depends on plants. You see, plantsproduce the air we need to breathe, the food wemust eat, the medicines that make us well, andmany other items we use every single day. In fact,this book you are reading is made from plants! Andlet us not forget that plants also make Earth a morebeautiful place to live. Imagine a world withoutany plants. What would you eat? Think about that.Did you know that virtually everything you eat iseither a plant or something that depends on plantsfor survival?Think about pizza, for example. Every partof a pizza requires plants to exist. The crust is madefrom wheat. The tomatoes sauce is made from the14Humans are dependent on the food crops that farmersgrow such as this orange grove.
LESSON 1fruit of the tomato plant. Several other fruits and vegetables add to the taste and flavor. But what about thepepperoni? It’s made from pork and beef. Pork comesfrom a pig, and beef comes from a cow. Well, can youguess what pigs and cows eat? Plants! Without plants,there is no pork or beef. Indeed, almost every animalyou eat—such as a chicken and fish—lives on plants.Of course, some people eat alligators, frogs, and such.However, even though those animals eat other animals, the animals they eat actually live on plants. Soit all comes down to plants. We need them. And weshould learn as much as we can about them because theyare a vital part of life on Earth.This pizza could not exist without plants.By understanding the secret worldof botany, you’ll become an expert on whatit takes to grow and nourish plants and helpthem flourish in this world. When you’redone with this first lesson, you will createa special structure called a light hut that’sdesigned to grow plants from seeds any timeof the year. You can plant any seeds you want,but I recommend herbs if you’re starting inthe fall because herbs can be grown indoorsthrough the winter. If you are beginningin the spring, plan for fruits and vegetablesHerbs are easy to grow indoors and can be used for cooking.because you’ll be planting an edible gardenoutside! That means you’ll grow food likestrawberries, blueberries, carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes, lettuce, and so much more. If youlive in the southern United States and are starting this book in the spring, you maywant to go directly to Lesson 9 to begin building your outdoor garden.In addition to these important projects, you’ll do experiments, dissections, activities, and much more. As you can see, you’re going to learn a lotof important information this year, and I’m quite certain you’ll be a brilliantbotany student by the end of this course!But botany isn’t all we have planned for this year. In addition tolearning about plants, you’ll also learn about fungi (fun’ jye). What on earthare fungi? Have you ever seen mushrooms growing outside? They are fungi.Because fungi also grow outdoors alongside plants, sometimes even helpingplants, we’re going to take one lesson to dive into the fascinating world offungi. I think you’ll find this special creation of God quite interesting.This mushroom is a fungus.15
LESSON 1CREATIVE CREATORGenesis 1:11–13 tells us that God created plants onthe third day of creation. And boy oh boy, did He doan amazing job! In fact, we might say that plants trulymagnify the Lord. Are you wondering what it meansto magnify the Lord? Have you ever looked througha magnifying glass? A magnifying glass makes thingslook bigger so we can see them better, and that’s exactly what God’s beautiful world does. It magnifies Godso we can see Him better. When we study the flowers—their beauty and how perfectly they were created—we know that God is also beautiful, perfect, andcreative. But of course our Creator is creative! He usedunbelievable imagination when creating Earth. Didyou know that God even gave you the gift of creativityJust as you do when you create things,when He designed you in His image? Do you have anGod cares about His creation.imagination? Of course you do! You were made in theimage of God. Did you know that it magnifies God when you do creative things? It certainly does.That’s because you’re using the gift of creativity He gave you. What are some creative things you liketo do? Do you like to draw pictures, tell stories, or build things? Do you imagine new adventures ordesign new ways of doing things? Don’t ever forget that God loves you and specially designed you withyour own unique way of expressing your creativity.In addition to creating the wonderful person that you are, God created so many different andamazing kinds of plants. In fact, there are thousands of unusual plants in God’s kingdom. For example,some plants capture insects or small creatures and consume them for food. One kind of plant grows aflower that’s three feet long (probably as long as youare) and smells like rotten meat. Some flowers lovethe sun so much that they turn around throughoutthe day to always face it. Other flowers don’t like thesun, staying closed during the day and opening onlyat night. A few flowers are specially designed foronly one single kind of animal to drink their nectar.God even created flowers that look like animals. Didyou know that a special tree in Madagascar drinks inwater, storin
WELCOME As you embark on this year’s science course, discov-ering the secrets of all God created on the third day, remember that the Earth is the Lord’s and every-
Biological Sciences OSU BI 201 General Botany BOT 1404 Biological Sciences OSU-OKC BI 201 General Botany BIOL 1404 1 Biological Sciences OSUIT-OKM BI 201 General Botany BIOL 1404 Biological Sciences OU BI 201 General Botany PBIO 1114 5 Biological Sciences RCC BI 201 General Botany BOT 1114 1 Biological Sciences RSC BI 201 General Botany BIOL 1215 1
I Introduction to Botany Introduction to Botany, its branches and scope. A brief history of Botany. Botany in Ancient India. Contributions of Indian Botanists – J. C. Bose, BirbalSahni, P. Maheshwari, B.G.L. Swamy, E. K. JanakiAmmal and M. S. Swaminathan. A brief study of historical developments of Kingdom system of classification.
departments that award degrees in botany, with the caveat that some institutions that had removed Botany from the name of their department could retain a botany degree. Even in 2004, with a few exceptions, only Research Universities had Botany departments. Of those surveyed in 2004, 41%
Botany for degree students. Bryophytes 8th ed. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. Delhi. Schofield, W.B. 1985. Introduction to Bryology. Macmillan Publishing Co. London. Hussain, F. and I. Ilahi. 2004. A text book of Botany. Department of Botany, University of Peshawar. Journals / Periodicals: Pakistan Journal of Botany, International Journal of Phycology and Phycochemsitry, Bryology, Phycology. Title of .
Optional :- Botany o IFS Botany solved papers by Mamata Singh Paper I 1. Botany for Degree Students by A C Dutta 2. The Embryology of Angiosperms by Bhojwani and Bhatnagar 3. A textbook of Botany, vol- I,II & III --- Pandey and Trivedi / A textbook of Botany by Singh, Pandey and Jain 4. Textbook of Bacteria Fungi & Viruses by H.C. Dubey 5.
BOTANY Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Theory Syllabus Effective from June 2018 . A Text Book of Botany Vol. 1 & 2. S.N. Pandey, P.S. Trivedi and Mishra., Vikas Publication House Pvt. Ltd. Botany for degree students, Algae, Botany for degree students Fungi, Padey,
2. Vasishtha, B.R. 1974 Botany for Degree students Vol I Algae 3. Vasishtha, B.R. 1974 Botany for Degree students Vol III Bryophya 4. Vasishtha, P.C. 1974 Botany for Degree students Vol IV Pteridophyta 5. Vasishtha, P.C. 1976 Botany for Degree students Vol V Gymnosperms 6. Bhatnagar, S.P.
ECONOMIC BOTANY Vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 1-108 Spring 2007 Economic Botany Vol. 61 No. 1 Spring 2007 Devoted to Past, Present, and Future Uses of Plants by People Published for The Society for Economic Botany by The New York Botanical Garden Press Issued 30 March 2007
