ALABAMA ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND REMEDIATION .
ALABAMA ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION ANDREMEDIATION GUIDANCE (AEIRG)Revision 4.0February 2017
NOTICEThis document has been prepared to assist individuals in understanding the minimumnecessary elements of environmental investigations and remediation projects. It is notintended as a substitute for the regulations and should not be used as such. Mention of tradenames or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.The hyperlinks and citations provided in this document are for helpful reference and maybe used in the development of a facility’s respective sampling, remediation plans, etc. Itshould be noted that use of the provided hyperlinks and citations alone does not ensureDepartmental approval/acceptance of such sampling, remediation plans, etc.March 2002Revised October 2002Revised September 2005Revised February 2017The Alabama Department of Environmental Management does not discriminate on the basisof race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, or disability.i
ALABAMA ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND REMEDIATION GUIDANCETABLE OF CONTENTS1.0INTRODUCTION2.0PRELIMINARY .24.34.44.54.65.05.15.25.35.45.5SECTION OUTLINEPURPOSE OF A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONELEMENTS OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ACTIVITIESSUBMISSION OF A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION REPORTCOMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATIONSECTION OUTLINEPURPOSE OF A COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATIONELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION WORK PLANELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATIONSUBMISSION OF A COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION REPORTRISK ASSESSMENTSECTION OUTLINEPURPOSE OF A RISK ASSESSMENTREGIONAL SCREENING LEVELSEVALUATION OF BACKGROUND CONDITIONSCOMPREHENSIVE RISK EVALUATIONRISK MANAGEMENT EVALUATIONREMEDIATIONSECTION OUTLINEPURPOSENECESSARY ELEMENTSREMEDY SELECTIONLAND-USE CONTROLSAPPENDIX A - GLOSSARYAPPENDIX B - MONITORING WELLINSTALLATION/DEVELOPMENT/ABANDONMENT GUIDELINESB.1APPENDIX OUTLINEB.2MONITORING WELL DRILLING METHODSB.3MONITORING WELL CONSTRUCTION METHODSB.4MONITORING WELL DEVELOPMENT METHODSB.5WELL ABANDONMENT PROCEDURESATTACHMENT 1 - WATER SUPPLY WELL ABANDONMENT PLANii
APPENDIX C - SAMPLING METHODSC.1C.2C.3C.4C.5APPENDIX OUTLINESOIL SAMPLING METHODSGROUNDWATER PURGING METHODSGROUNDWATER SAMPLINGSURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLINGAPPENDIX D - QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROLD.1D.2D.3D.4D.5D.6D.7APPENDIX OUTLINEQA/QC REQUIREMENTSSAMPLE CONTAINERS & PRESERVATIONSAMPLE HANDLINGSAMPLE IDENTIFICATIONCHAIN-OF-CUSTODYINVESTIGATION DERIVED WASTE (IDW)APPENDIX E - FIELD DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURESE.1E.2E.3E.4E.5E.6APPENDIX OUTLINESTANDARD CLEANING LIQUIDSDECONTAMINATION PADDECONTAMINATION OF DRILLING EQUIPMENTDECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING EQUIPMENTPREPARATION OF DISPOSABLE SAMPLE CONTAINERSAPPENDIX F - REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIESF.1F.2F.3APPENDIX OUTLINEINTRODUCTIONREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIESAPPENDIX G - TABLESTABLE 1 - RECOMMENDED CONTAINERS, HOLDING TIMES, & PRESERVATIVESTABLE 2 - DISPOSAL OF IDWAPPENDIX H - REFERENCESiii
List of AcronymsADEM – Alabama Department of Environmental ManagementADPH – Alabama Department of Public HealthAHWMMA – Alabama Hazardous Waste Management and Minimization ActAOC – Area of ConcernAPEG – Alkaline Polyethylene GlycolARBCA – Alabama Risk Based Corrective ActionASTM – American Society of Testing and MaterialsASTSWMO – Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management OfficialsAWWA – American Water Works AssociationBCD – Base-Catalyzed DecompositionBOD5 – 5-Day Biochemical Oxygen DemandBTAG – Biological Technical Assistance GroupBTEX – Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and XyleneBTU – British Thermal UnitCERCLA – Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability ActCFR – Code of Federal RegulationsCIR – Comprehensive Investigation ReportCOC – Chemical of ConcernCOD – Chemical Oxygen DemandCOPC – Chemicals of Potential ConcernCROW – Contained Recovery of Oil WasteCSM – Conceptual Site ModelDDT – DichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDNAPL – Dense Non-Aqueous Phase LiquidDOC – Dissolved Organic CarbonDP – Direct PushDPE – Dual Phase ExtractionDU – Decision UnitEC – Environmental CovenantED – Exposure DomainEPA – Environmental Protection Agency – synonymous with “USEPA”ER – Electrokinetic RemediationESV – Ecological Screening ValueFEC – Field Equipment CenterFID – Flame Ionization DetectorGAC – Granulated Activated CarbonGC/MS – Gas Chromatography/Mass SpectrometryGPS – Global Positioning SystemGSA – Geological Survey of AlabamaHTTD – High Temperature Thermal DesorptionICP – Inductively Coupled PlasmaIDW – Investigation Derived WasteISEE – In-situ Steam-Enhanced ExtractionISM – Incremental Sampling MethodISV – In-situ VitrificationITRC – Interstate Technology & Regulatory Counciliv
LDPE – Low-Density PolyethyleneLNAPL – Light Non-Aqueous Phase LiquidLTTD – Low Temperature Thermal DesorptionLUC – Land-Use ControlMCL – Maximum Contaminant LevelMDL – Method Detection LimitMNA – Monitored Natural AttenuationMTBE – Methyl Tertiary-Butyl EtherNGVD – National Geodetic Vertical DatumNOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNPDES – National Pollutant Discharge Elimination SystemNTU – Nephelometric Turbidity UnitOB/OD – Open Burn/Open DetonationORC – Oxygen Releasing CompoundORP – Oxidation-Reduction PotentialPAH – Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonPCB – Polychlorinated BiphenylsPCP – PentachlorophenolPDB – Passive Diffusion BagPE – PolyethylenePF – Pneumatic FracturingPFA – Perfluoroalkoxy AlkanePID – Photoionization DetectorPIR – Preliminary Investigation Reportppb – Parts per BillionPPE – Personal Protective EquipmentPRP – Potentially Responsible Partypsi – Pounds per Square InchRSL – Regional Screening LevelPVC – Polyvinyl ChlorideQA – Quality AssuranceQC – Quality ControlQSTP – Quality System and Technical ProcedureRBTL – Risk-Based Target LevelRCRA – Resource Conservation and Recovery ActRDX – Royal Demolition Explosive – cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (Hexogen (explosive))RFH – Radio Frequency HeatingRM – Risk ManagementRSL – Regional Screening LevelSARA – Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization ActSERP – Steam-Enhanced Recovery ProcessSID – State Indirect DischargeSIVE – Steam Injection and Vacuum ExtractionSOP – Standard Operating ProcedureSQAG – Sediment Quality Assessment GuidelinesSSL – Soil Screening LevelSWMU- Solid Waste Management UnitS/S – Solidification/Stabilizations.u. – Standard Unitsv
SVE – Soil Vapor ExtractionSVOC – Semi-Volatile Organic CompoundTCLP – Toxicity Characteristic Leaching ProcedureTHQ – Target Hazard QuotientTOC – Total Organic CarbonTIC – Tentatively Identified CompoundTNT – TrinitrotolueneTOX – Total Organic HalogensTR – Target RiskUCL – Upper Confidence LimitUIC – Underground Injection ControlUSEPA – United States Environmental Protection AgencyUSGS – United States Geological SurveyUST – Underground Storage TankUV – UltravioletUXO – Unexploded OrdnanceVOC – Volatile Organic CompoundXRF – X-ray Fluorescencevi
1.0INTRODUCTIONThis guidance document presents a comprehensive statement of the requirements for performingenvironmental investigations and remediation projects in Alabama. These requirements generallyrepresent the Alabama Department of Environmental Management’s (ADEM’s) minimumexpectations necessary for complete investigations and remediation projects for programs thatmanage contamination from hazardous constituents, hazardous waste, petroleum products, and/orpetroleum wastes. Various programs administered by ADEM, which require investigation,monitoring and/or remediation, may have areas in which different or more specific requirementsapply. This guidance document is designed to be used strictly as an aid for the development ofadequate environmental investigations and remediation projects by individuals with theappropriate technical expertise and skill. This guidance document is not intended to be used as asubstitute for existing program regulations and should not be used as such. Certain submissionsrequired by ADEM involve the practice of engineering and/or land surveying, as those terms aredefined in Code of Alabama 1975, as amended, § 34-11-1 to 34-11-37; and/or the practice ofgeology, as that term is defined in Code of Alabama 1975, as amended, § 34-41-1 to 34-41-24. Itis the responsibility of any person preparing or submitting such information to ensure compliancewith these laws and any regulations promulgated thereunder, as may be required by the State Boardof Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors and/or the Alabama Board ofLicensure for Professional Geologists. All submissions, or parts thereof, which are required byState law to be prepared by a licensed engineer, land surveyor, or geologist, must include theengineer's, land surveyor's and/or geologist's signature and/or seal, as required by the applicablelicensure laws of the State of Alabama.1-1
2.0PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION2.1Section 3.82.3.92.3.102.4Purpose of a Preliminary InvestigationElements of Preliminary Investigation ActivitiesSurrounding Land UseWell InventorySurface Water Intake InventorySurface Waters LocationsRecords SearchUtility SearchSampling StrategyEmergency Response and Free Product RecoveryManagement of Investigation-Derived Waste (IDW)Local GeologySubmission of a Preliminary Investigation Report2.2Purpose of a Preliminary InvestigationA Preliminary Investigation is conducted to gain site information, identify conditions indicative ofreleases or threatened releases, confirm or deny that a release or releases of chemicals of potentialconcern (COPCs) has occurred, and determine what potential receptors exist in the area. Thedevelopment of a dynamic conceptual site model (CSM) should begin at this point. The CSMshould “support project decisions about exposure to contaminants, site cleanup and reuse, longterm monitoring, etc. A detailed discussion regarding the CSM may be located in Section 2.4.3 ofthe ITRC “Technical and Regulatory Guidance for the Triad Approach – December 2003.”2.3Elements of Preliminary Investigation ActivitiesA Preliminary Investigation Work Plan should be developed and, if required by a specificregulatory program, submitted to ADEM. The plan should include a detailed discussion of allapplicable issues outlined in this section. The performance of the Preliminary Investigationshould, at a minimum, include the following activities:2.3.1Surrounding Land Use - An accurate description of the surrounding land use should bemade and should include, at a minimum, the following information:(a)The type of surrounding population (rural vs. urban, residential/unrestricted vs.industrial, and population density),(b)The location of the site (physical address, mailing address, latitude and longitude indecimal degrees with precision of six significant digits to the right of the decimal,and topographic map location (section, township and range)),2-1
(c)A site map developed with information that includes, but is not limited to, all known:i.ii.iii.iv.v.vi.vii.viii.ix.x.xi.2.3.2Areas of concern (AOCs)Solid Waste Management Areas (SWMUs)Monitoring wellsSampling sitesDrainage patternsUtilitiesBuildingsProperty BoundariesNorth ArrowPrivate & Public Supply Wells within a 1-mile radius of the property boundaryHorizontal ScaleWell Inventory - A complete well inventory, both public and private, should be conductedwithin a 1 mile radius of the site boundaries using publicly available resources (i.e., localwater supply authorities, ADEM’s Public Water Supply Branch, United States GeologicalSurvey (USGS), Geological Survey of Alabama (GSA), etc.). Any pertinent informationgleaned from a door-to-door survey of all residents within 500 feet of the propertyboundaries or as otherwise directed by the Department should also be included. Adetermination should also be made to identify if the site is located within a source waterassessment area. Information on each identified well should include the following:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)The owner of the wellThe depth of the wellThe aquifer(s) of productionThe use of the wellThe screened intervalThe depth to groundwater2.3.3Surface Water Intake Inventory - A complete inventory of surface water intakesincluding both the potable springs and the surface water intakes should be conducted withina 1 mile radius of the site using publicly available resources (i.e., local water supplyauthorities, ADEM’s Public Water Supply Branch, USGS, GSA, etc.). Any pertinentinformation gleaned from a door-to-door survey of all residents within 500 feet of theproperty boundaries or as otherwise directed by the Department should also be included.A determination should also be made to identify if the site is located within a source waterprotection area. Information regarding source water protection areas may be foundin ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-7 and on USEPA’s website.2.3.4Surface Water Locations - The locations of all surface water bodies that may potentiallybe impacted by the subject property should be determined with a review of topographic orother area maps. Classification(s) of surface water stream(s) are listed in ADEM Admin.Code r. 335-6.2-2
2.3.5Records Search - A thorough records search concerning the current and historicalactivities and processes used on-site should be conducted. Corrective actions and responseactivities as well as institutional and engineering (land-use) controls at the site should benoted. The search should include an inventory list of all chemicals stored and used on site.The search should also include an inventory list of all types of wastes produced, managed,and/or disposed on site. These inventory lists will be essential in the determination ofCOPCs. The identification of COPCs is necessary in determining a sampling or analysisstrategy. The inventory list of chemicals used and/or wastes produced on site should becompared with constituents listed in program-specific regulations to determine which, ifany, may be of potential concern. A review of nearby and adjoining properties withpotential environmental conditions or impacts should also be documented during therecords search.2.3.6Utility Search - A thorough utilities survey should be conducted to identify and delineateall utilities that cross under the site or that are adjacent to the property. The utilities to bedelineated should include sanitary sewers, storm sewers, water lines, electrical lines, gaslines, phone lines, or other utility lines. The delineation can be accomplished through useof “Line Locator” services, local utility personnel, personal communication with owner,ground penetrating radar, or other similar methods.2.3.7Sampling Strategy - A sampling strategy should be determined for each type of media tobe sampled.(a)The soil sampling strategy should include the following:i.Soil sampling should be conducted in a manner expected to produce arepresentative concentration within each decision unit. A decision unit (also,sometimes referred to as an “exposure domain”) is the defined area upon whicha human receptor inhabits, works, plays, etc. The decision unit (DU) is the areaupon which a representative concentration is defined for each of the COPCsand used to determine the exposure to the various receptors present in thedefined area. In addition, an effort should be made to capture the maximumconcentration of each of the COPCs within the DU(s) and along potentialmigration pathways (i.e., utilities).ii.A minimum of 4 soil borings for the collection of surface soil samples andsubsurface soil samples should be conducted (See Appendix C of thisdocument).iii.To establish background surface and subsurface soil conditions (i.e., forinorganic contamination or if a potential source of COPCs are upgradient of thesite), the method described in Section 4.4 of this document should be followed.iv.Soil borings should be extended to obtain samples that represent the zones mostlikely to have been impacted.v.Soil borings should be extended to the top of the first continuous zone ofsaturation under the site or to bedrock if no groundwater is encountered. If it is2-3
determined that the water table or bedrock exists at significantly excessivedepths, the Department should be notified for assistance.vi.Soil samples should be collected in accordance with the methods outlined inAppendix C of this document. All soil samples should be analyzed inaccordance with USEPA-approved methods included in the EPAdocument Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/ChemicalMethod, SW-846 (latest edition) or others.vii. A minimum of 4 surface soil samples should be collected. All surface soilsamples should be collected as grab samples and collected within the uppermost12-inches of soil. These samples should be analyzed for the COPCs usingMethod Detection Limits (MDLs) that are less than or equal to the appropriateADEM referenced Regional Screening Levels (RSLs) in accordance withSection 4.0 of this document.viii. Subsurface soil samples should be collected at no more than 5-foot intervalsfrom each boring. Subsurface soil samples may be field-screened (i.e., PID,FID, XRF, and color-metric). If field screening methods are used, a minimumof 3 subsurface soil samples per boring (if possible) should be collected forlaboratory analysis. The 3 subsurface soil samples should include, at aminimum, 2 samples exhibiting high field screening levels and 1 sample justabove the water table. If soil borings are greater than 50 feet in depth, additionalsubsurface soil samples should be collected for laboratory analysis. Allsubsurface soil samples should be analyzed for COPCs using MDLs that areless than or equal to ADEM’s RSLs selected in accordance with Section 4.0 ofthis document.ix.All surface soil samples should be obtained by using appropriate equipmentsuch as spoons, shovels, hand augers, push tubes, and post-hole diggers.Surface soil samples may also be collected in conjunction with the collection ofsubsurface soil samples using mechanical drilling equipment and/or ADEMapproved specialized sampling equipment (see Appendix C of this document).x.All subsurface soil samples should be obtained using appropriate equipmentsuch as Shelby Tubes, split spoon samplers or other specialized samplers (directpush technologies, EnCoreTM Samplers, etc.) (see Appendix C). The use ofspecialized samplers must be approved by ADEM prior to initiating allassessment activities. Auger cuttings are prohibited.xi.Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures and decontaminationprocedures outlined in Appendices D and E of this document should be utilizedto ensure sample quality. USEPA’s Guidance on Systematic Planning Usingthe Data Quality Objectives Process – EPA QA/G-4 may be helpful whenconsidering such procedures.xii. All Investigation-Derived Waste (IDW) should be collected, properly containedand stored, sampled and analyzed for a waste determination, and properlydisposed of as outlined in Appendix D of this document and in accordance2-4
with ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-14-3-.08, 335-13-4-.21(1)(c), and 335-13-4.26.xiii. All analysis collected should be compared to the RSLs identified in Section 4.0of this document.(b)(c)Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells should meet the following criteria:i.Groundwater flow direction should be determined after the installation of 3piezometers or Type-I temporary monitoring wells. All piezometers or Type-Itemporary monitoring wells should be installed in accordance with the design,construction, and installation criteria addressed in Appendix B of thisdocument.ii.Based on the groundwater elevation/potentiometric surface data collected fromthe piezometers or Type-I temporary monitoring wells, a minimum of onepermanent upgradient well located in an area that has not been impacted by therelease or the site’s activities should be installed.iii.Typically a minimum of 3 permanent wells, located immediately down-gradientof the unit, struct
A Preliminary Investigation is conducted to gain site information, identify conditions indicative of releases or threatened releases , confirm or deny that a release or releases of chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) has occurred, and determine what potential receptors exist in the area. The
David Rountree, Alabama Public Service Commission david.rountree@psc.alabama.gov (334) 242-5194 Mac Sadler, Alabama Department of Revenue mac.sadler@revenue.alabama.gov (334) 242-1498 DeLois Thigpen, Alabama Executive Budget Office delois.thigpen@budget.alabama.gov (334) 242-7245 Tammy Wallace, Alabama State Board
The Green Remediation: Incorporating Sustainable Environmental Practices into Remediation of Contaminated Sites technology primer was developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI). The document was prepared in cooperation with EPA's Brownfields and Land Revitalization Technology
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TTTexas Mold Assessment and Remediation Rules Texas Mold Assessment and Remediation Rules exas Mold Assessment and Remediation Rules ---- Amended May 20, 2007 Amended May 20, 2007 §295.302 3 (16) Facility - Any institutional, commercial, public, governmental, industrial or residential building.
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premises in which the Alabama State Port Authority has an ownership and are used as part of the operations of the Alabama State Port Authority; . The accelerate Alabama Strategic Economic Development Plan adopted in January 2012 by the Alabama Economic Developm
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Yazoo Valley Electric Power Association (EPA) regarding the remediation of property located at 651 East 15th Street in Yazoo City, MS. Environmental Site Assessments have revealed the site is contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons at levels in excess of Target Remediation Goals (TRGs). Therefore, remediation of the site is necessary.
