THE PROJECT FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION .
JICA PROJECT BRIEF NOTETHE PROJECT FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATIONAND HYGIENE PROMOTION IN NIASSA PROVINCE, REPUBLIC OFMOZAMBIQUE IMPROVING THE CONDITION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN THE TARGET DISTRICTS BY STRENGTHENINGTHE CAPACITY OF PLANNING, SUPERVISION AND MONITORING OF THE PROVINCE AND DISTRICTS February 2017NiassaMozambiqueimprove the situation of rural water supply andsanitation, the Government of Mozambique and1．Background and Challenges ofthe Projectthe development partners under Sector-WideMozambique has shown political stabilityApproach Programme (SWAP) have set thesince the end of the sixteen years civil war inNational Rural Water Supply and Sanitation1992.Program (PRONASAR 2010-2015).Sincethen,theGovernmentofMozambique and development partners haveMoreover, Nacala Corridor, which starts atbeen engaged in the reconstruction of the basicthe Port of Nacala in the north of the country andinfrastructures that were devastated.stretches to Malawi and Zambia through theIn the rural water supply and sanitation sector,Provinces of Nampula and Niassa expectsthe MDG (Millenium Development Goals) hasprogress in the revitalization of economicestablished to achieve the rate of 70 % of accessactivities and movement of goods, the reasonto safe water and 50 % access to sanitationwhy the Guidelines for co-operation of thefacilities for the fulfilment of the MillenniumGovernment of Japan sets the support for theDevelopment Goals (MDGs).development of the Economic Corridors asHowever, the access rate to safe water in thetargets of utmost importance, being cantered inrural sector at the planning stage of the projectNacala Corridor.Due to the policy reform undertaken in 2013,the Government of Mozambique reviewed thebeneficiary number per each water point to be500 inhabitants instead of 300 inhabitants.was 29 %, and access to sanitation facilities wasonly 5 %, which was the lowest level comparedwith neighbouring countries. Thus, in order to‐1‐
facilities and strengthening of the Operation andMaintenance (OM) capacity in the community,c) Schools where CLTS activities will beconducted. In the project target communities,we will form Water and Sanitation Committees(CAS) through PEC (Community Participationand Education) activities. The framework of theproject will be as follows.As a result of the new policy, the access rateto safewater in rural area in Niassa Province droppedto 36.45%, which is much lower than thenational average of 52%.In view of the fact that since in Niassa thereare no large-scale cooperation projects of otherdevelopment partners, there are no constructionworks of new facilities under way, and Niassa isnow the only one, among the ten Provinces ofMozambique, which shows downtrend in therate of coverage of drinking water, thuspersisting high demand for projects in the waterand sanitation sector in rural areas, which is thereason why it took the Government ofMozambique to ask the Government of Japanfor a Technical Cooperation Project.【Overall Goal】To improve the condition of water supply andsanitation in Niassa Province.【Project Purpose】Improve the situation of water supply and sanitation intarget districts through institutional capacity buildingof DPOPHRH/DAS and SDPIs.【Outputs】1.2． Approach for Overcoming theChallengesImprove the capacity of planning and preparationfor water supply, sanitation and hygiene activitiesin the target districts.Construct new water points and latrines for schoolin the target district.Enhance the capacity of operation andmaintenance (O & M) of water points in the targetDistricts.Improve hygiene behavior of the local residence inthe target Districts.Disseminate and share the know-how and thelessons learned from the project with stakeholdersof provincial and national level.2.Based on the background above, this projectaims to support the strengthening of thestructure and capacity to implement projects bythe National Directorate of Water Supply andSanitation of the Ministry of Public Works,Housing and Water Resources (DNAAS /MOPHRH) 1 , Provincial Directorate of PublicWorks, Housing and Water Resources of Niassa(DPOPHRH - N) and District Services ofPlanning and Infrastructures (SDPI) based onthe principles of PRONASAR.Furthermore, during the implementation ofthe project activities in the target communities,measures will be taken into consideration so thateven after the completion of the Project, theMozambican side may continue to conductsustainable activities to strengthen the operationand maintenance of water and sanitationfacilities.Based on the results of the baseline surveyconducted in four Districts, we selected thetarget communities for a) construction of newwater points, b) rehabilitation of existing water3.4.5.The Project implementation structure isshown in Figure 1. The responsibilities of eachmember are indicated in the following table.ResponsibleProject ManagerAdministrativeManagerProject ExecutiveManagerProjectTechnicalManagerCounterpart (C/P)InstitutionNational Director, DNAAS/MOPHRHHead of the Department ofWater Supply and NiassaHead of the Department ofWaterandSanitation,DPOPHRH-NiassaDAS/ DPOPHRH Staff, SDPIStaff from the 4 target Districts1 The name was changed to Direcção Nacional de(MOPHRH) due to the organizational reform in DecemberAbastecimento de Água e Saneamento (DNAAS) /2015.Ministério das Obras Públicas, Habitação e Recursos Hídricos‐2‐
Fig. 1governments, private sector and NGOs etc.,operation of practicing rural water and hygieneand sanitation programs and monitoringmethods.This Project aims to execute capacitybuilding for implementing rural water andsanitation program according to the operationdetermined in PRONASAR, utilizing theoutputs from the Zambezia TechnicalCooperation Project.Construction of new water facilites, operationand manintenance, promotion of hygienen andsanitaiton are carried out basically withoprations in PRONASAR.Also, althogh PRONASAR expects SpareParts Supply Chain is served by the privatesector, there some issues that spare parts shopsare not profitable in the area far from cityaccording to experiences from the ZambeziaTechnical Cooperation Project and any othersimilar projects.So, Spare Parts Supply Chain aims to beestablished as the unifom in the entire NiassaProvince in cooperation with the other donors,Provincial DAS, District SDPI, area pumpartizan and shops.Project Implementation StructureThe Project is being implemented based onthe following guidelines.(1) Ensuring Sustainability and Sense ofOwnership by Mozambican sideIt is expected that the counterpart bodies willhave the ability and structure to achieve theoverall goal on their own efforts. To ensuresustainability and sense of ownership of thecounterpart personnel, the project activities willbe carried out jointly, thus engendering mutualtrust seeking to develop activities and operatingmethods that promote early active utterance ofopinion during meetings/ discussions andpreparation/presentation of reports by self-effort.(2) Cooperation with PRONASARPRONASAR is established as the nationalprogram on rural water and hygiene andsanitation field in Mozambique, which is theprogram constitutes specific policies to achievethe goal determined in PESA-ASR and describeusage of the sector common fund, roles ofstakeholders of the central and Provincial‐3‐
(3)Coordination with Mozambiquerelevant bodiesThe entities and persons involved in thisproject are quite diverse, namely DNAAS,DPOPHRH ; SDPIs and the communities,schools and health centres of the target Districts,where hygiene promotion activities will beconducted in addition to those who areresponsible for health and education sectors inthe province and Districts , among others .In order to ensure smooth coordination,Provincial GAS (Water and Sanitation WorkingGroup) was been revived thus enabling theefficient sharing of information.structure use many private resources, forexample, private consultants for PEC activities.Therefore, now much of fund on operationand maintenance and hygiene and sanitation forwater facilities rely upon one from donors’ fundincluding PRONASAR common fund.Devices to utilize Mozambique budgets orcommon fund are considered from step ofimplementation of the Project in order to sustainimprovement of water and hygiene andsanitation in Niassa Province.(7) Construction of Water Sources50 water sources will be constructed by thelocal contractors as part of technology transferto improve the capacity of DPOPHRH andSDPIs staff in planning and management ofconstruction of water sources.The design and supervision of works will alsobe done by local contractors to be hired, whowill prepare the tender documents and theproject design, supervise the construction works,while ensuring technological transfers to thecounterparts during every phase of this process,at the same time.The construction of water sources is premisedon the prior consolidation of structure ofoperation/maintenance centred in the targetcommunity through PEC activities. Therefore,PEC Zonal activities shall start in the first year.(4) Coordination with Other DonorsIn Niassa Province, the Swiss Agency forDevelopment and Cooperation (SDC) andWater Aid have actively supported the water andsanitation sector. Therefore, the project willinclude sharing information with otherdevelopment partners through Provincial GASmeetings, thus seeking to generate thesynergistic effect by mutual application ofacquired knowledge and challenges overcome.(5) Private Consulting CompaniesIn Mozambique, privatization is accelerated,on the other hand, there is lack of the number ofprivate resources and their capacity in localareas far from main cities, similar to NiassaProvince.In such background, following the provisionsof PRONASAR, we will work also consideringthe need to address, whenever possible, thecapacity development of local private resourcesto ensure sustainability of the projects of ruralwater supply and sanitation.(8) Rehabilitation of Existing WaterSourcesRehabilitation of non-operational handpumps will be done by local contractors inrespective districts subject to hire localmechanics trained by the Project. This willenable the local mechanics to maintain andimprove their repair skill of hand pump.A part of spare parts to be used for therehabilitation work shall be purchased at thespare parts shop established in the district inorder to stimulate the supply chain of spare parts.(6) Sustainable Implementation ProgramStructurePRONASAR’s implementation structure onoperation and maintenance and hygiene andsanitation for water facilities which needssecure budgets continuously because the(9) Construction of Latrines and Handwashing‐4‐
For the selection of targets schools, enoughconsideration about the degree of accessibilityto drinking water was taken into account. Aboveall, construction of new borehole with handpump or existing borehole shall be preconditions and hand washing facilities areaccompanied with latrine to be constructed inthis Project in consideration with handicappedpersons or rural culture.nationwide.(13) Scaling up to Other DistrictsThe knowledge and experiences gained throughthe activities of this project will be compiled inthe form of manuals, which will be shared withrelevant agencies through Provincial GAS, andit is expected that after completion of the project,the outputs will also be shared with otherDistricts. Thus, the Districts are encouraged toparticipate in Provincial GAS, as well as infuture activities of the Project.(10) Zone PECFollowing the guidelines of PRONASAR, thescaling up of PEC activities will be made byoutsourcing to local consulting companies. TheProject will seek to improve water andsanitation conditions, involving and sensitizingthe community through PEC activities.Following the procedures of PRONASAR,Zone PEC approach, covering a certain areaselected, rather than taking the entirecommunity as a unit will be adopted.3．Practical Results of theApproach(1) Hosting PSC MeetingsDuring the Project period, PSC (ProvincialSteering Committee) was organized eight timesin total in Lichinga. In those meetings, theDistricts shared their progress of projectactivities such as PEC activities, construction ofwater supply facilities, construction of schoollatrines, establishment of supply chain of spareparts and SINAS.(11) Activities to Improve Hygiene HabitsThrough construction of latrines andconducting hygiene and sanitation education aspart of CLTS (Community Led Total Sanitation)activities in the schools located in the vicinity ofthe communities where the activities are beingdeveloped to eradicate open defecation, we willpromote improvement of hygiene habits(elimination of open defecation) of the entirepopulation by raising awareness of childrenabout sanitation and hygiene. For thecommunities that will become ODF (opendefecation free), we will promote piloting ofimproved experimental latrines will be made.(2) Publicity of ActivitiesThe following publicity activities were carriedout during the Project period:・ Published advertisement of the Project intoAGUA seven times, which is the specializedmagazine for water and sanitation inMozambique.・ Supported updating website for theProvincial GAS and publish project news.・ Invite TV stations and radio stations to PSCand JCC, and project activities werebroadcasted in national news as a JICAproject.Through these publicity activities, the Projectactivities became widely known by stakeholdersin water supply and sanitation sector in thecountry.(12) Capacity Building of DPOPH andSDPIsBased on PRONASAR, the specific roles of theprovince, Districts and communities will beclarified to provide for the consistentorganizational strengthening for each institution.The courses required for the training ofProvincial / District staff have been assigned toCFPAS, in order to unify the level of training‐5‐
Project Site Visit during National GAS MeetingAdvertisement of the Project published in thespecialized magazine “AGUA” in June 2016 number.(4) Construction of Water Supply Facility(Output 2)32 water supply facilities for communitiesand 18 for schools, in total 50 facilities wereconstructed. The allocation of the facilities ineach district is; 12 in Mavago, 13 in Muembe,12 in Majune and 13 in Mandimba.As previously stated, following the guidelinesof PRONASAR, before and after theconstruction of water points, Water andSanitation Committees were established / reactivated through PEC activities in the targetcommunities.(3) Reactivation of Provincial GAS(Output 1)Since it was reactivated in April 2013, theProvincial GAS (Water and Sanitation WorkingGroup) has 14 member institutions and itsregular meeting has been held every month. Thetopics and issues are picked up to be discussedand shared with member institutions working inwater and sanitation sector in the Province suchas international organization, mental Action, Provincial Directorateof Health, Provincial Directorate of Education,NGOs, etc.In 2015, National GAS meeting was held inNiassa Province in October 29th and 30th, and 80people participated from the Ministry,DPOPHRH of other provinces, donors,international organization and NGOs etc. Someactivities being implemented by the Projectwere presented and a project site was visitedduring the meeting. The experience and goodpractises shared by the Project were highlyesteemed by the participants.Borehole with hand pump constructed by the Project(5) Construction of School Latrines(Output 2)School latrines with hand wash facilities wereconstructed in 20 schools in the four targetdistricts. These latrines were constructed undercontract with local construction companieslocated in each District. The local constructioncompanies were decided to be used due to thestrong request from District SDPIs onimproving the capacity of those local companies.Under the close supervision and carefulinstructions by local supervisors contracted with‐6‐
of spare parts for local venders etc. have beenconducted, and the sales of spare parts sarted inDecember 2015 in all seven districts supportedby the Project.the Project, the construction works were carriedout prioritizing safety, quality and schedulecontrol.The project also has been organizingprovincial joint workshops twice a year to sharethe progress and experience with all districts andstakeholders in the Province in order to establishthe unified structure at the province level. Thisapproach contributed to spread the know-how ofthe relevant activities to the districts supportedby other cooperating partners and promote theprogress at the provincial level.Constructed School LatrineDesign of the school latrines which givesconsideration to gender issues and Islamiccultural background of majority of people in theProvince is appreciated and shared widely withstakeholders in the sector.(6) Establishment of Unified Spare PartsSupply Chain in the Niassa Province(Output 3)In order to secure the sustainability of thestructure if Spare Parts Supply Chain, theProject established unified structure of supplychain of spare parts as a whole Province byinvolving not only four target districts but alsoall relevant stakeholders working in theProvince.Spare Parts Shop in Muembe District(7) Training on planning, implementationand monitoring and evaluation forimprovement of water supply andsanitation in the Province and the targetDistricts (Output 3)i) National Information System for Water andSanitation (SINAS)The Project supported, in addition to thefour target districts, three districts which donot have cooperating partner and also twodistricts which are supported byPRONASAR since it is important toestablish SINAS simultaneously in all 16districts in the Province for its smooth andsustainable operation. Trainings andsupports necessary for operation of SINASsuch as data collection, data entry andupdate, and monitoring, etc. wereconducted targeting stakeholders at eachadministrative level.Unified Structure of Spare Parts Supply Chain inNiassa Provinceactivities for determining the quantity ofinitial stock, calculation of selling price of spareparts, procurement and delivery of initial stockto local venders, training on sales management‐7‐
(8) Improvement of Hygiene and SanitationActivities in the target District (Output4)i) Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)and Open Defecation Free (ODF)The CLTS was implemented in thetarget communities for the purpose toachieve the ODF in more than 60communities by the end of the Projectimplementation period. The ODFevaluation was conducted by externalinstitution in Niassa Province in November2015 and October 2016, and 72communities were declared to achieve theODF.Location Map of Boreholes Createdin GIS Trainingii) Orientation for Operation and Maintenanceof school latrines with hand-wash facilitiesOrientation training was conducted forall students and teachers in the targetschools to teach how to use and maintainthe constructed latrines. Operation andMaintenance Manual was elaboratedutilizing efficient visual materials such asillustration to be used during the trainingso that the students, who have never usedsuch facility before, can easily understandthe contents.Each of the students entered into thefacility and confirmed what they hadlearned during the lecture.ii) Capacity Building for CounterpartTargeting the Project counterparts inDPOPHRH/DAS and SDPI in the four districts,various trainings for capacity building wereconducted. Based on the road map elaborated byJapanese expert, necessary trainings tostrengthen their administrative capacity, startingfrom basic skills for computer up to skills toprepare district annual budget and action plan,were carried out through the Project period.As a result of those trainings, the capacityassessment conducted at the end of the projectshowed great improvement of their knowledgeand skills compared to
improve the situation of rural water supply and sanitation, the Government of Mozambique and the development partners under Sector-Wide Approach Programme (SWAP) have set the National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PRONASAR 2010-2015). Moreover, Nacala Corridor, which starts at the Port of Nacala in the north of the country and
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