Getting Started With Orchids - University Of Wisconsin-Madison

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GettingStartedWithOrchidsAbout Orchids The orchid family is thelargest plant family Over 35,000 species Every country in theworld and every state inthe United States,including Alaska, hasorchids!Coelogyne pandurataOrchids in Wisconsin 46 species in 18 genera All terrestrialEpipactis helleborineCypripedium acaule,the Pink Lady‐slipperPhoto by Jeffrey R. HapemanVanilla OrchidsVanilla Orchids 60 or so species Throughout the tropicalAmericas, includingFlorida and the Bahamas All are vines,several areleafless Vanilla planifolia ( V. fragrans,V. vanilla) grown commercially Yellow‐green flowers Produces fruit when 10 feet Vanilla is the orchid “fruit” Harvested before it is fully ripe –referred to as vanilla beans 6‐9” pods are fermented andcured1

Where Orchids Are Found Tropical rainforestsGrasslandsBogsForestsOrchids In NatureAnselliaafricana Epiphytes – grow on trees(NOT parasites!) Lithophytes – on rock surfaces Saprophytes – grow in decayingvegetation on the forest floor Terrestrials – grow in soil or sandBrassavola nodosa“Lady of the Night”Orchid FlowersOrchid Propagation (Sexual) Pollinated by Takes several yearsfrom seed toflowering Seeds are sown onagar in a flask Germinate intoprotocorms Eventually growinto seedlings InsectsBirdsBats Often long‐blooming Some fragrant Raspberry, coconut,citrus, perfumelilac,Maxillari(ell)a tenuifolia Selections and hybridsOrchid Propagation (Asexual)Orchid Growth Habits Division of large plants Keikis (small plantlets that develop on oldstems) Monopodial (“one‐footed”) Only one main stem New growth from thecrown of the plant Aerial roots common Phalaenopsis, Vanda2

Orchid Growth HabitsOrchid Structure: Roots Sympodial (“feet together”) Characteristicepidermis (velamen)prevents water loss For water andmineral uptake To attach tosubstrate New seasonal growths Pseudobulbs Rhizome with lateralgrowth pattern Cattleya, OncidiumGrowing OrchidsIf you can grow houseplants,you can grow orchids!Orchid Care: Potting Medium Various substrates, plain or in mixes Bark (fir or redwood)Crumbled charcoalPebblesOn tree‐fern or cork slabs Drains well Allows air penetrationOrchid Care: Watering Water thoroughly(until water comesout bottom of pot) Allow medium to dryout between watering Schedule will varydepending on pot,medium, temp, light Use rainwater ifpossibleOrchid Care: TemperatureClassification based on preferred mperaturePhalaenopsis 60 FIntermediate50 to 60 FCattleyaCool50 FCymbidium3

Orchid Care: HumidityOrchid Care: Light 50% or higher Enhances flowering Increase with humidifier or set on gravel trayswith water Need optimum for flowering Three categories High Medium Low Light to medium green‐yellowleaves, NOT dark greenOrchid Care: LightOrchid Care: Fertilizing Potting medium RecommendedSouth or east windowsShadow testArtificial lightBe careful of sunburnwhen changing locations! Diluted 20‐20‐20 weekly Blossom‐booster (more P,less N) in fall Less is better if you’reunsure Outdoors in summerOrchid Care: RepottingOrchid Care: Repotting Why? Plant has outgrown its pot Medium is degraded How? Remove plant Divide if necessary Replace inappropriate sizedpot When? Just as new roots show When roots are 5‐6” long4

Suggested Orchids: PhalaenopsisSuggested Orchids: Cattleya Types Sympodial growth Medium to high lightintensity Intermediate temperatures Numerous species andhybridsMonopodial typeLow light intensityWarm temperaturesLong‐lasting flowersMoth OrchidSuggested Orchids: DendrobiumsSuggested Orchids: Cymbidium Sympodial growth Varying lightrequirements Intermediatetemperatures Some have archingsprays of flowers;others bunches at thenodes of stems Suggested Orchids: PaphiopedilumPurchasing Orchids Semi‐terrestrial,monopodial growth Medium light intensity Intermediate temperatures Exotic blooms Discount retailersSympodial growthHigh light intensityCool temperaturesAttractive, grassy foliage andlong‐lasting, waxy flowers Local nurseries Specialty nurseries Mail‐order5

Selecting an OrchidSelecting an Orchid The Plant The Flowers In proportion to thecontainer Healthy roots Clean and unblemished Turgid and mediumgreen Free of visible pests Lustrous and held well above the foliageOn a strong, well‐supported spikeUnblemished and free of fungal spottingHave some buds yet to openAre appealing to youLearning More About OrchidsRegional Orchid Shows Orchid QuestBooksWebsitesOrchid growersOrchid showsLate January / early FebruaryMadison, WI Northeastern WisconsinOrchid Society ShowEarly MarchGreen Bay, WI6

The orchid family is the . Madison, WI Northeastern Wisconsin Orchid Society Show Early March Green Bay, WI. Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Getting Started With Orchids [Compatibility Mode] Author: Master Gardener Created Date: 3/1/2018 11:46:31 AM .

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