Silica Pigments For Print Media & Paper SYLOJET SYLOID .
Silica Pigments for Print Media & Paper SYLOJET Micronized and Sub-micronized SilicaSYLOID Micronized SilicaLUDOX Colloidal SilicaSYLOWHITE Aluminium Silicate Grace DavisonMaterials & Packaging TechnologiesEnriching Lives, Everywhere.
IndexThe CompanyProduct Range3SYLOJET Silica Solutions for the Printing IndustryPigments for Ink-Jet CoatingsSafety FirstSYLOID Matting Agents for CoatingsThe Products4Ink-Jet Printing –5LUDOX Colloidal SilicaFormulations and Material Grade SelectionSYLOWHITE Titanium Dioxide Extenders for Paints and Printing InksDURAFILL Ink-Jet Printing – Applications6Digital Printing –Toner and Thermal Technologies7Special Pigments and Fillers for the Paper and Pulp IndustryTRISYL Silica Gel for Refining Edible Oil and Renewable DieselDARACLAR Analogue Printing –Offset and Flexographic MediaBeer StabilizersCRYOSIV Desiccant for Refrigerant DryingMaterial Handling and Dispersion8PHONOSORB Test Capabilities9Beaded Adsorbents for Insulating GlassSYLOBEAD Innovation and Quality10Safety Issues, Food ContactREACHGlobal Scope11Process AdsorbentsSAFETYSORB Desiccants for the Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic ApplicationsSYLOSIV Molecular Sieve Powder for the Polyurethane IndustrySYLOBLANC /SYLODENT Abrasive and Thickening Agents for Toothpaste IndustrySHIELDEX Non-toxic Anti-corrosion PigmentsPERKASIL Reinforcing Agents for the Tire and Rubber IndustryAPPERTA Can CoatingsDAREX Can and Closure SealantsSISTIAGA Can CoatingsCELOX Oxygen ScavengersSINCERA European Headquarters Worms, GermanyClosure SealantsGRACE , GRACE DAVISON , APPERTA , CELOX , CRYOSIV , DAREX , DARACLAR , LUDOX ,PHONOSORB , SAFETYSORB , SHIELDEX , SINCERA , SYLOBEAD , SYLOBLANC , SYLODENT ,SYLOID , SYLOJET , SYLOSIV , TRISYL and ENRICHING LIVES, EVERYWHERE. are trademarks,registered in the United States and/or other countries, of W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. SISTIAGA is a trademark,registered in the United States and/or other countries of Grace, S.A. Grace, S.A. is a wholly owned subsidiaryof W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. SYLOWHITE is a trademark of W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.ELFADENT , DURAFILL , and PERKASIL are trademarks, registered in the United States and/or othercountries, of Grace Silica GmbH. Grace Silica GmbH is a wholly owned subsidiary of W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.SIX SIGMA is a trademark, registered in the United States and/or other countries of Motorola, Inc. Thisbrochure is an independent publication and is not affiliated with, nor has it been authorized, sponsored, orotherwise approved by Motorola, Inc. Responsible Care is a trademark, registered in the United Statesand/or other countries by American Chemistry Council.2This trademark list has been compiled using available published information as of the publication date ofthis brochure and may not accurately reflect current trademark ownership or status. Copyright 2011 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. All rights reserved.
The CompanyTGrace Davison is a business division of W.R. Grace & Co.,one of the world’s largest companies for specialty chemicals, materials and formulation technologies.Our unique SYLOJET submicron silica technologyenables improved printability for the rapidly evolving newfast ink-jet in-line coating application. Grace silicas alsooffer optimal performance in thermal printing technologiesas well as in offset and flexographic media.Grace Davison produces a wide range of products –synthetic amorphous silica gel, colloidal silica, zeolitic adsorbents, precipitated silica and silica-aluminas, materialsfor chromatography, sealants, closures and coatings forthe packaging industry, polyolefin and refinery catalysts.These specialty chemicals and products improve productperformance or enhance manufacturing processes withina wide range of industrial applications. Our key strengthslie in the development of innovative technologies throughwhich product quality and application characteristics areimproved. Manufacturing flexibility, global infrastructureand the commitment of our company to close customerrelationships are factors which provide high levels ofcustomer satisfaction.With manufacturing sites, research & development centersand sales offices around the globe, we are well preparedto meet the challenges of global market requirements.With our sales offices in all key countries, we are able toquickly react to the needs of our customers. In order toguarantee a constantly high level of product quality,all Grace sites are ISO certified and carry out QualityManagement Systems.Products which are tailored to the needs of the customer,punctual deliveries, specialist technical support at a highlevel and a reliable customer service department are allfactors that go to make Grace a preferred supplier withinthe industry.For many years, Grace Davison has been dedicated toworking on innovative amorphous silica solutions to meetthe needs of the Paper & Print Media Industry. Our globalproduct portfolio, coupled with our know-how and globalpresence, allows our customers to meet the global andlocal challenges of the Paper & Print Media Industry.Safety FirstOur first priority is to ensure the safety of all those whowork with us or come into contact with our products.Safety data sheets and information concerning the wayin which Grace’s products adhere to application-relatedprovisions are available on request.At Grace Davison, the environment is a majorissue and we are proud to maintain an outstandingrecord of leadership in safety standards and goodcorporate citizenship.Through the Responsible Care Program, every GraceDavison facility worldwide fulfills both stringent health andsafety requirements as well as environmental requirements.It demonstrates the high priority of work safety within theorganization, which has led to a substantial reduction inworkplace injuries, bringing the company close to thegoal of zero.Silica Solutionsfor the Printing IndustryGrace silica products have been used succesfully for manyyears as performance enhancing additives for diverse printmedia and paper coating applications. The silica materialproperties meet today’s requirements for highly sophisticated ink receptive coatings and ink-jet related applications.The high internal porosity, surface structure and a lowrefractive index make silicas the first choice amongavailable pigment types.Product families are specialized with regard to glossy,semi-gloss and matt coatings on porous substrates andnon-porous films. Grace silicas provide excellent properties for all ink-jet related technologies, ranging from waterbased paper coating, coatings for art and photo printingto industrial applications with solvent-based inks.Manufacturing Plant Curtis Bay, Maryland, USA3
The ProductsSYLOID / SYLOJET Micronized Porous SilicaKey advantages of SYLOJET Submicron Silicaare used in a wide variety of ink-jet and print applications.The unique structure of microporous silica provides idealproperties for high ink absorption. Unlike most conventional pigments in the paper industry, porous silica particleshave a sponge-like rigid silica structure. Its internal poresprovide additional void volume for liquid absorption intothe bulk. In ink-jet the large surface area, with abundantreactive sites for dye molecules, provides perfect conditionsfor bright, saturated colors and wide color gamut. Thelow refractive index of the silica material facilitates dyemolecules in lower layers of the coating to contribute tothe color density. Avoiding handling of dusty powders Available in cationic and anionic versionsproviding easy compatibility Particles below one micron to allowsmooth and semi-glossy coatings0.3µmLUDOX Nano-Silica Dispersions and Colloidal Silicaprovide unique properties for ink-jet top coats and receiverlayers. The particles in LUDOX colloidal silica are discretespheres of silica with no porosity. The absence of particleporosity make it suitable for achieving surface modificationsand otherfunctions rather than to provide ink-capacity.Key advantages of SYLOID Micronized Silica Outstanding ink absorption capacity controlsdot size, resolution and bleeding Low refractive index providing brilliant colors Defined pore structure allowing for acontrolled ink uptake dynamics.Key advantages of LUDOX Colloidal Silica High gloss level in cast-coated ink-jet Excellent transparencyThe SYLOID / SYLOJET silica productsprovide the highest absorption capacity ofall silica grades, with a pore volume of 1.6to 2.0 ml/g depending on specific grades.These grades work best in coatingformulations with high binder/pigmentratios. SYLOID silica grades with a porevolume of 1.2 ml/g are designed to workwith lower binder/pigment ratios and achievehigher solid levels in liquid dispersions.5µm SYLOID Micronized Porous Silica HydrogelsSYLOID silica W-grades are unique in their low dustingtendency. Their internal silica pores already containwater, which allows rapid incorporation into aqueousformulations. Like all other micronized porous silica grades,SYLOID silica W-grades are supplied in powder form.SYLOJET Submicron Porous Silica A- and C-GradesThe SYLOJET silica A- and C-grades are submicronporous silica grades with particle sizes below 1 micron.They can be used for numerous ink-jet applications – frommatt to glossy, for inks and ink-jet related areas. They aresuitable for various kinds of functional layers with low coatweight and need less binder than the micronized silicagrades. These grades are supplied as aqueous dispersions,allowing easy dosing and incorporation into aqueoussystems.4 Improved marking resistance200ÅA wide range of particle sizes andmodifications is available to providecompatibility and colloidal stability inthe different applications.AdditivesHigh quality ink-jet prints require precise adjustment ofthe interaction between ink receptive coating and printingink, controlling both the tendency of ink to spread on thecoating surface and the velocity of ink penetration intothe coating layer.SYLOJET A200 aluminum salt solution contains anacidic cationic aluminium salt, which is an effectiveagent to adjust the coating surface charge and thusimprove ink compatibility.SYLOWHITE Aluminium SilicateSYLOWHITE SM405 silicate is a fine-sized precipitatedsodium magnesium aluminium silicate powder that isused as a specialty coating pigment for paper. It can givebenefits for solvent ink-jet, offset and flexographic inkapplications due to its internal porosity which providesliquid adsorption capacity. SYLOWHITE aluminiumsilicate has a higher opacity compared to silica gel,thereby improving paper whiteness. It can also be usedas a titanium dioxide extender.100nm
Ink-Jet Printing – Formulation and Material Grade SelectionSilica Properties and Aspects of UseSilica Grade Selection for Matt Ink-JetThe porous structure, combined with a high surface area,and the optical properties make the silica materials the firstchoice for matt ink-receptive coatings. The selection of aspecific grade is mainly based on the pigment pore volumeand particle size, and other secondary properties such asthe specific surface area and the pore size distribution. SYLOID / SYLOJET Micronized Silica ProductsMain Benefits of Silica Pigmentsare the main choice for premium matt ink-jet media:papers, films, various fabrics, canvas and more.The following scheme provides an overview how toselect the silica best suited to the desired applicationand print quality requirements. This refers mainly tomatt coatings.Silica pigments are different from other materialslike calcium carbonate pigments or clays becauseSilicas have a combination of porosity high surface area low refractive indexPigment Pore Volume Cationic RecipesFor the purpose of dye fixation, most of the ink-receptivecoatings have a cationic charge. It is very easy to createa cationic silica surface, simply by dispersing the silicapowder into the water after the desired cationic fixativehas been added. The silica surface is compatible with alltypes of cationic surface modifiers such as polydadmac,polyamine or alumina salts. For each recipe, there is anarrow optimal pH range, often between 3.5 and 4. BindersThe selection of suitable binders is important to providetwo main functions: a) binding the silica particleswithout plugging too many of the pores, b) modifyingthe surface energy to a desired level; not completelyhydrophilic but at the same time not too hydrophobic.For a given formula, it is vital to determine a Pigmentto Binder (P/B) ratio which represents the right balanceof sufficient binding strength to avoid dusting, rub off,adhesion, in the case of coatings on film, and on theother side, leaves as much as possible of the pigmentporosity free.Binder Demand(binder/pigmentratio)high lowDispersionSolidshigh lowThe silica as such is compatible with basically alltypes of inks: water-based, solvent, eco-solvent andUV inks, dye based and pigmented inks. The differentinks require tailored coating formulations for optimalprint results. The high surface area of silica pigmentsallow their use as a substrate for a mainly monolayeradsorption of the printed dye colorants therebyproviding brilliant colors and high optical densities.HighSYLOID C800 SilicaRequired CoatingThicknesshigh low Ink-CompatibilityLowSYLOID 72/621 SilicaPrint Quality(color & resolution)lowThe surface properties allow the use of silica pigmentsin water based as well as in coatings with organicsolvents, whereby the water based formulas dominate.For more details please see page 8 "Material Handlingand Dispersion". The function of the silica coating is toadsorb the ink-liquid.high Silica Coating Recipes SYLOJET Submicron Silica Products can be usedas a lower layer for photo glossy ink-jet. The uniquenature of the particles make them also suitable for lightpaper machine in-line coatings. LUDOX Colloidal Silica Grades create gloss andcontribute to the image forming in the top coat of castcoated glossy ink-jet papers for water based dye inks.Micro-cracks overcome the low porosity of the colloidalsilicas in such coatings, since uncracked coatings fromthe non-porous colloidal particles often have too lowink absorption. The unique properties of colloidal silicascan also provide specific functions such as improvingthe surface strength in a light top coat layer over amicroporous alumina receiver layer.For an overview of available grades, please refer to theseparate leaflet “Print Media Solutions“.5
Ink-Jet Printing – ApplicationsTraditional Ink-Jet MediaWe find different types of silica pigments in all kinds ofink-jet media – papers for small and large format, variousfilm media, photo ink-jet on PE paper, on clear film forback-lit, release films for textile transfer printing, labelsand more. The selection of a suitable silica depends onthe technology: printer types, inks and media.The main application for porous silica is for water based,dye and pigmented inks in microporous coatings. Forsolvent and eco-solvent inks similar microporous formulasare also in use for film coatings. There are also films withlighter polymer type coating where silica is added only asa “spacer” or anti-block agent to reduce ink transfer in aback side contact. UV ink-jet printing typically doesn’trequire a porous coating.100µm10µmComparison SEM picture of the uncoated base layerFast Ink-Jet or Industrial Ink-Jet100µm10µmSEM picture with a light coating of submicron silicaTo reduce the coating cost it is possible to mix silicapigments with calcium carbonate. It is importantthen to adjust application parameters accordingly.In this fast growing market, the paper economics are veryimportant. Whereas lower quality papers are made without a surface coating or only pigmentation, high qualitymedia have a silica coating on both sides. Grace'sunique SYLOJET submicron silica grades offer theoption for light paper machine in-line coatings to enhanceprintability, and thus achieve improved colour quality at afavorable cost.Semi Glossy Brochure Ink-JetPCC / Silica mixes in a lower layer coating on paper plus alighter microporous glossy top coat, for example based onsuitable alumina pigments, can provide an economic structure for coated semi glossy ink-jet papers.Alumina or LUDOX Colloidal SilicaMain Benefits offered in Ink-jet Printingby SYLOID /SYLOJET Silicas Controlled silica pore size to ensure high speedink absorptionCalcium Carbonate / SYLOID Silica Gel MixBase Paper Very good resolution, no bleeding Combined with highest optical densitiesCalcium Carbonate / SYLOID Silica Gel MixAlumina or LUDOX Colloidal SilicaScheme with paper and two layer coatings6
Digital Printing – Toner and Thermal TechnologiesLight coatings with porous silica pigments can createspecific structures on a substrate, especially on variousfilm types. Such a specific surface structure improves thekeying of toner particles or in case of thermal transfer,the fixation of the colored wax from the donor ribbon.The layer thickness ranges from 1 to 3 µm or more.Typically, finer silica grades are selected for suchapplications. In the case of water based coatings, theGrace submicron silica, SYLOJET A and C dispersionsare the first choice for a slightly structured surface.In the thin top-coat of thermalpapers, the submicron silica canprovide some porosity which improves the printabilitywith offset and flexographic technology. At the sametime, the silica particles are quite transparent comparedto standard pigments. This means there is only very littlecovering effect of the black which will develop in theunderlying thermal layer in the subsequent thermal printingprocess. Submicron silicas added in the thermal layer canimprove specific properties for higher value grades.For a rougher surface, especially when increasedadsorption capacity is required, a low particle sizemicronized silica like SYLOID 244 silica or SYLOID C803 silica would be suitable.Main Benefits in Thermal Paper Excellent top coat printability Superior print resolution in the thermal layerAnalogue Printing – Offset and Flexographic MediaMain Benefits in Offset Printing offeredby Grace Silicas Reduced ink setting time Faster processing of printed paper Lower gloss level and reduced markingsensitivity of matt coated papersSilica can be mixed with standard pigments; 10 parts ofsilica are often enough to achieve the targets. Relativelythin layers on film – 3 to 6 g/m² silica coating – can improvethe printability to an extend that the film is printable like acoated paper.For flexographic printing papers, SYLOID / SYLOJET silica can improve the printability, especially for inks withreduced solvent levels. The increased porosity results infaster ink absorption and reduces the risk of residual inktransfer into the subsequent inking unit. In this applicationit is sufficient to mix a certain ratio of porous silicapigment with the standard coating pigments,to improve the ink-setting substantially.SEM-Coating cross sectionPaper Coatings basedon Calcium CarbonateSilica MixesElement Mapping CaElement Mapping Si7
Material Handling and DispersionSilica PowdersDepending on the porosity and particle size, the micronizedsilica materials are light powders with apparent particledensities down to 0.4 cm³/g and with bulk densities from0.5 to 0.07 g/cm³. Grace provides advice for powderhandling and dispersing technology if requested.The occupied volume theory describes the silica loadingin a dispersion. For more details, refer to the Gracetechnical bulletin, “Silica Pigments in Water BasedCoatings”.Aqueous Silica DispersionsPorous silica pigments show some specific characteristicswhen dispersed in water. The viscosity development ofsilica dispersions in water is strongly pH dependent. Theeffect becomes noticeable when the silica concentrationis close to the maximum possible silica loading – highoccupied volume ratios:no dispersing agentwith sodium aluminatePreferable pH ranges for silica dispersionin water are: Below pH 4.5, also cationic Ab
sorbents, precipitated silica and silica-aluminas, materials for chromatography, sealants, closures and coatings for the packaging industry, polyolefin and refinery catalysts. These specialty chemicals and products improve product performance or enhance manufacturing processes within a wide range of industrial applications. Our key strengths
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and Other Non-Crystalline Forms . CAS Registry Numbers: 7631-86-9 (synthetic amorphous silica) 60676-86-0 (fused) 69012-64-2 (silica fume) 61790-53-2 (uncalcined diatomaceous earth) 112945-52-5 (pyrogenic colloidal silica) 112926-00-8 (precipitated silica and silica gel) Prepared by . Jong-
U.S. SILICA COMPANY Safety Data Sheet Silica Sand, Ground Silica and Fine Ground Silica Page 4 of 10 Appropriate engineering controls: Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to maintain concentrations in the workplace below the applicable exposure limits listed above.
Production of Fused Silica Wafers Manufacture of Fused Silica A method for producing fused silica wafers is the melt-ing and subsequent re-solidifying of ultra-pure quartz. Synthetic fused silica is made from gases such as SiCl 4 which is oxidized in a H 2 O 2 atmosphere. The SiO 2 dust formed hereby is
Fig.2 Fly Ash Fig. 3 SILICA FUME i. Silica Fume: Silica fume is a byproduct of producing silicon metal or ferrosilicon alloys. One of the most beneficial uses for silica fume is in concrete. Because of its chemical and physical properties, it is a very reactive pozzolan. Concrete containing silica
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