2957 Old Rocky Ridge Road Birmingham, Alabama 35243 .
2957 Old Rocky Ridge RoadBirmingham, Alabama 35243BankNotes son Nash, Foundernelson31@charter.netDavid Stearns, Editordavid@infinitebanking.orgMonthly Newsletter - December 2016Why Does Propaganda Work?Some People Want Itideological marching orders and talking points froman authority. Most people have zero interest, and seelittle value, in engaging with arguments put forwardby those who hold differing positions, unless it’s toby Daniel Lattierridicule them. Most people want to simply chooseThere’s a principle in hypnotism that goes like this: A the news media organizations that best fit with theirperson cannot be hypnotized against his will. He must selected ideological camps and immerse themselvesbe a willing subject. He must be fully cooperative.in their informational streams.So it goes with propaganda. For propaganda to be This realization is unfortunate, but not reallyeffective, it requires submissive subjects. As Professor surprising. Over the past few hundred years we’veNicholas O’Shaughnessy wrote, propaganda is a “co- had a massive democratization of public discourseproduction in which we are willing participants.”and higher education in the West. A continually largerPropaganda is typically defined as the disseminationof particularly biased information in support ofa political or ideological cause. In his 1965 bookPropaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes,philosopher Jacques Ellul provided us with some ofthe basic characteristics of propaganda: it thwartsdialogue, it is geared toward the masses, it utilizesvarious media, it is continuous, it is not intended tomake one think.Disable the BrainIf these are the characteristics of propaganda, then itis no exaggeration to say that we are surrounded by ittoday. Most news organizations have become partisanshills and propagandists. They provide viewerswith a steady stream of videos, audio clips, images,and articles—most lacking nuance and of dubiousintellectual merit—that serve the intended purpose ofpromoting an ideology while fueling disdain for the“opposition”. And they have become very successfuldoing it.percentage of the population has gone to school forlonger and longer periods of time, and has been giventhe impression that, as a result of this education, theyare enlightened “critical thinkers” whose opinionshave as much value as the next person’s.Yet, at the same time, we must confront the questionraised by Dorothy Sayers in her famous 1947 essay“The Lost Tools of Learning”:“Has it ever struck you as odd, or unfortunate, thattoday, when the proportion of literacy throughoutWestern Europe is higher than it has ever been,people should have become susceptible to theinfluence of advertisement and mass propaganda toan extent hitherto unheard of and unimagined?”The fact is, though everyone goes through theeducation system today, most are not provided withthe building blocks of thought. Most are no longertaught logic. Most are not shown how to engage inrational debate.Avoiding ComplexityThe reason they are successful, I fear, is that mostpeople today want to be propagandized—though they And even if these skills were better taught in today’swould never admit it. Most people want to be given schools, I highly doubt that our situation would bewww.infinitebanking.orgdavid@infinitebanking.org
BankNotes- Nelson Nash’s Monthly Newsletter - December 2016that much better. If history and experience are anyindicators, the difficult reality is that most peopleeither don’t possess the intellectual chops for doingbattle with complex and controversial ideas, or theychoose not to undertake the discipline necessary toacquire this skill.Maryland’s coastal areas that lose school-aged summeremployees and business from Maryland familieswhen schools start in August. However, as GovernorHogan’s critics have pointed out, some Marylandschool districts, as well as Maryland schoolchildren,benefit from an earlier start to the school year.In the past, when confronted with new or differentideas, people who did not achieve the heights of formaleducation had the values and traditions embedded intheir communities to fall back on. These providedthem with a foundation—a “common sense”—bywhich to assess the merit those opinions that maydiffer from their own.Governor Hogan’s executive order is the latestexample of how centralized government control ofeducation leaves many students behind. A centrallyplanned education system can no more meet theunique needs of every child than a centrally plannedeconomic system can meet the unique needs of everyworker and anization, the breakdown of the family, andideological divisions have caused a decline in theformative influence of community, and reduced ouraccess to the “common sense” that it can provide.Centralizing education at the state or, worse, federallevel inevitably leads to political conflicts over issuesranging from whether students should be allowedto pray on school grounds, to what should be thecurriculum, to what food should be served in thecafeteria, to who should be allowed to use whichbathroom.Intellectually insecure and socially uprooted, manypeople are now desperate for some authority to clingto, someone who will give simple expression to theinklings of thoughts and instincts to which they canneither give adequate voice nor adequately live out.Is it any wonder, then, that so many people would seekout propaganda today, and that its providers would beso happy to oblige?This piece originally appeared in IntellectualTakeoutDan is the Vice President of Intellectual Takeout. Hereceived his B.A. in Philosophy and Catholic Studiesfrom the University of St. Thomas (MN), and his M.A.and Ph.D. in Systematic Theology from DuquesneUniversity in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. You can findhis academic work at Academia.edu.Secede from the CentrallyPlanned School Systemby Ron PaulMaryland Governor Larry Hogan recently signed anexecutive order forbidding Maryland public schoolsfrom beginning classes before Labor Day. GovernorHogan’s executive order benefits businesses in2 www.infinitebanking.orgThe centralization and politicization of education isrooted in the idea that education is a right that mustbe provided by the government, instead of a good thatindividuals should obtain in the market. Separatingschool from state would empower parents to findan education system that meets the needs of theirchildren instead of using the political process to forcetheir idea of a good education on all children.While many politicians praise local and parental controlof education, the fact is both major parties embracefederal control of education. The two sides onlydiffer on the details. Liberals who oppose the testingmandates of No Child Left Behind enthusiasticallybacked President Clinton’s national testing proposals.They also back the Obama administration’s expansionof federal interference in the classroom via CommonCore.Similarly, conservatives who (correctly) notjust opposed Clinton’s initiatives but called forthe abolition of the Department of Educationenthusiastically supported No Child Left Behind.Even most conservatives who oppose Common Core,federal bathroom and cafeteria mandates, and otherdavid@infinitebanking.org
BankNotes- Nelson Nash’s Monthly Newsletter - December 2016federal education policies, support reforming, insteadof eliminating, the Department of Education.Politicians will not voluntarily relinquish control overeducation to parents. Therefore, parents and otherconcerned citizens should take a page from the UK andwork to “Ed-Exit” government-controlled education.Parents and other concerned citizens should pressureCongress to finally shut down the Department ofEducation and return the money to American families.They also must pressure state governments and localschool boards to reject federal mandates, even if itmeans forgoing federal funding.Parents should also explore education alternatives,such as private, charter, and religious schools, as wellas homeschooling. Homeschooling is the ultimateform of Ed-Exit. Homeschooling parents have thefreedom to shape every aspect of education — fromthe curriculum to the length of the school day to whattheir children have for lunch to who can and cannotuse the bathroom — to fit their child's unique needs.First published by the Ron Paul Institute.Thanksgiving Was a Triumph ofCapitalism over Collectivismby Richard EbelingThis time of the year, whether in good economic timesor bad, is when we gather with our family and friendsand enjoy a Thanksgiving meal together. It marks aremembrance of those early Pilgrim Fathers whocrossed the uncharted ocean from Europe to make anew start in Plymouth, Massachusetts. What is lessappreciated is that Thanksgiving is also a celebrationof the birth of free enterprise in America.The English Puritans, who left Great Britain andsailed across the Atlantic on the Mayflower in 1620,were not only escaping from religious persecution intheir homeland. They also wanted to turn their backson what they viewed as the materialistic and greedycorruption of the Old World.and social altruism. Their goal was the communism ofPlato’s Republic, in which all would work and sharein common, knowing neither private property norself-interested acquisitiveness.What resulted is recorded in the journal of GovernorWilliam Bradford, the head of the colony. Thecolonists collectively cleared and worked land, butthey brought forth neither the bountiful harvest theyhoped for, nor did it create a spirit of shared andcheerful brotherhood.The less industrious members of the colony camelate to their work in the fields, and were slow andeasy in their labors. Knowing that they and theirfamilies were to receive an equal share of whateverthe group produced, they saw little reason to be morediligent their efforts. The harder working among thecolonists became resentful that their efforts would beredistributed to the more malingering members of thecolony. Soon they, too, were coming late to work andwere less energetic in the fields.As Governor Bradford explained in his old English(though with the spelling modernized):For the young men that were able and fit for laborand service did repine that they should spend theirtime and strength to work for other men’s wives andchildren, without recompense. The strong, or menof parts, had no more division of food, clothes, etc.then he that was weak and not able to do a quarterthe other could; this was thought injustice. The agedand graver men to be ranked and equalized in labor,and food, clothes, etc. with the meaner and youngersort, thought it some indignant and disrespect untothem. And for men’s wives to be commanded todo service for other men, as dressing their meat,washing their clothes, etc. they deemed it a kind ofslavery, neither could their husbands brook it.Because of the disincentives and resentments thatspread among the population, crops were sparse andthe rationed equal shares from the collective harvestwere not enough to ward off starvation and death.In the New World, they wanted to erect a New Two years of communism in practice had left aliveJerusalem that would not only be religiously devout, only a fraction of the original number of the Plymouthbut be built on a new foundation of communal sharing king.org 3
BankNotes- Nelson Nash’s Monthly Newsletter - December 2016Realizing that another season like those that had collectivism rather than individualism. As Governorjust passed would mean the extinction of the entire Bradford expressed it:community, the elders of the colony decided to tryThe experience that was had in this common coursesomething radically different: the introduction ofand condition, tried sundry years, and that amongstprivate property rights and the right of the individualthe Godly and sober men, may well convince offamilies to keep the fruits of their own labor.the vanity and conceit of Plato’s and other ancients;As Governor Bradford put it:-- that the taking away of property, and bringinginto a common wealth, would make them happyAnd so assigned to every family a parcel of land,and flourishing; as if they were wiser than God.according to the proportion of their number for thatForthis community (so far as it was) was foundend . . .This had a very good success; for it madeto breed confusion and discontent, and retard muchall hands very industrious, so as much more cornemployment that would have been to their benefitwas planted than otherwise would have been byandcomfort.any means the Governor or any other could use,and saved him a great deal of trouble, and gavefar better content. The women now went willinglyinto the field, and took their little-ones with themto set corn, which before would alledge weakness,and inability; whom to have compelled would havebeen thought great tyranny and oppression.Was this realization that communism was incompatiblewith human nature and the prosperity of humanity tobe despaired or be a cause for guilt? Not in GovernorBradford’s eyes. It was simply a matter of acceptingthat altruism and collectivism were inconsistent withthe nature of man, and that human institutions shouldThe Plymouth Colony experienced a great bounty of reflect the reality of man’s nature if he is to prosper.food. Private ownership meant that there was now a Said Governor Bradford:close link between work and reward. Industry becameLet none object this is man’s corruption, and nothingthe order of the day as the men and women in eachto the curse itself. I answer, seeing all men have thisfamily went to the fields on their separate privatecorruption in them, God in his wisdom saw anotherfarms. When the harvest time came, not only did manycourse fitter for them.families produce enough for their own needs, but theyThe desire to “spread the wealth” and for governmenthad surpluses that they could freely exchange withto plan and regulate people’s lives is as old as thetheir neighbors for mutual benefit and improvement.utopian fantasy in Plato’s Republic. The PilgrimIn Governor Bradford’s words:Fathers tried and soon realized its bankruptcy andBy this time harvest was come, and instead of failure as a way for men to live together in society.famine, now God gave them plenty, and the face ofthings was changed, to the rejoicing of the hearts ofmany, for which they blessed God. And the effectof their planting was well seen, for all had, one wayor other, pretty well to bring the year about, andsome of the abler sort and more industrious had tospare, and sell to others, so as any general want orfamine hath not been amongst them since to thisday.They, instead, accepted man as he is: hardworking,productive, and innovative when allowed the libertyto follow his own interests in improving his owncircumstances and those of his family. And even more,out of his industry result the quantities of useful goodsthat enable men to trade to their mutual benefit.In the wilderness of the New World, the PlymouthPilgrims had progressed from the false dream ofcommunism to the sound realism of capitalism.Hard experience had taught the Plymouth colonists At a time of economic uncertainty, it is worthwhilethe fallacy and error in the ideas of that since the time recalling this beginning of the American experimentof the ancient Greeks had promised paradise through and experience with freedom.4 www.infinitebanking.orgdavid@infinitebanking.org
BankNotes- Nelson Nash’s Monthly Newsletter - December 2016to take effect only if passed by Congress, wouldend the effective delegation of legislative powerto regulatory bureaucrats and restore some of theConstitution’s eroded separation of powers. It wouldoffer some real political accountability, by movingus back toward Americans’ earlier understanding ofThe real meaning of Thanksgiving, in other words,legislative powers, gutted in U.S. v. Grimand (1911)is the triumph of capitalism over the failure ofand subsequent court rulings.collectivism in all its forms.Before Grimand, Congress had already begunRichard M. Ebeling is BB&T Distinguished Professorgiving administrative agencies power to formulateof Ethics and Free Enterprise Leadership at The Citadelspecific rules to implement Congress’ general policyin Charleston, South Carolina. He was president ofobjectives. But in Grimand, the Supreme Court gavethe Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) fromsuch administrative rulings the full force of law, with2003 to 2008.delegation mushrooming since.This is the lesson of the First Thanksgiving. This year,when we sit around our dining table with our familyand friends, let us also remember that what we arereally celebrating is the birth of free men and freeenterprise in that New World of America.The Bureaucracy Is Now MorePowerful Than Congressby Gary GaillesWho creates federal laws? Civics books say it isCongress, but the real answer today may be theexecutive branch. Earlier this year, James Gattusoand Diane Katz reported that just the 229 majorregulations issued since 2009 added over 100 billionin annual costs (according to the regulatory agencies), 22 billion coming in 2015. With estimates of the totalregulatory costs now exceeding income tax burdensat over 2 trillion annually, regulations were far moreburdensome for many Americans than legislation.The result has been ever-growing power for federalbureaucrats, enacted through reams of rules,imposing massively large costs on Americans. Butbureaucrats need not clearly spell out their policiesand their consequences to the public, much lesssubmit themselves for voter approval. And whenevera scandal reveals some regulatory abuse or failure,politicians hide from their responsibility by blamingthe bureaucrats they delegated the power to and thenfailed to effectively oversee.There is another very practical reason for reining in ourcurrent Pandora’s Box of congressional delegation.The fact that legislators must leave policy detailsvague — to be filled in later by others — illustrateshow members of Congress don’t know enough aboutUnfortunately, missing from this process isthe problems they’re supposedly addressing.accountability to citizens. In response, some membersof Congress have turned to supporting the "Regulations To adequately address a societal problem requiresfrom the Executive in Need of Scrutiny" (REINS) detailed knowledge of the problem and the specifics ofAct, which would require Congress to approve major how it will be “fixed.” But legislators who had reallymastered such details would trumpet them at everyregulations before they could take effect.opportunity to ensure they got credit. So, when theyWhy is this necessary when the US Constitutiondelegate policy details to agency bureaucrats, theyspecifically assigns all legislative powers toreveal they do not know the specifics of a workableCongress? Because Congress has increasinglysolution.abdicated its lawmaking responsibility, delegating itspower through vague laws and mandates to executive Despite the ineffectiveness of legislatively delegatingagencies, which then impose and enforce the actual vaguely outlined responsibilities to executiveagencies, it is prevalent because it gives theregulations that legally bind Americans.appearance of a legislative solution without requiringThe REINS Act, by allowing major regulationslegislators to actually have a solution. Given ing.org 5
BankNotes- Nelson Nash’s Monthly Newsletter - December 2016shaky knowledge of social problems, policies, andpossibilities, such play-acting can work for politiciansalmost as well as (if not better than) actual solutions.It also provides politicians ready-made scapegoatswhenever the political heat gets turned up, allowingthem to absolve themselves from true accountability.Americans constantly hear public servants’ verbalcommitments to accountability
There’s a principle in hypnotism that goes like this: A person cannot be hypnotized against his will. He must be a willing subject. He must be fully cooperative. So it goes with propaganda. For propaganda to be effective,it requires submissive subjects. As Professor Nicholas O’Shaughnessy wrote, propaganda is a “co-
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 26, NO. 6, JUNE 2017 2957 No-Reference Quality Assessment of Tone-Mapped HDR Pictures Debarati Kundu, Deepti Ghadiyaram, Student Member, IEEE,AlanC.Bovik,Fellow, IEEE, and Brian L. Evans, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—Being able to automatically predict digital picture quality, as perceived by human observers, has become important
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instance in EN 10269, ASTM F2281 and in ASTM A320/A320M. This part of ISO 898 is applicable to nuts: a) made of carbon steel or alloy steel; b) with coarse thread M5 D M39, and fine pitch thread M8 1 D M39 3; c) with triangular ISO metric thread according to ISO 68-1;
