Design Of Solar Power Based Water Pumping System
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013Design of Solar Power Based Water Pumping SystemM.Bala Raghav 1, K.Naga Bhavya 2, Y.Suchitra 3GUIDE:G.Srinivasa Rao 41,2,3- B.Tech(Electrical & Electronics Engg),4-Asst.Professor,Electrical & Electronics Engg,K.L.University,Vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh.Abstract:IJERTDay by day the use of non-renewable energies havebeen increased a lot and now they are becomingextinct.The raw materials used to generate poweri.e. coal,fossil fuels have been depleting veryrapidly.People have been suffering a lot due toimmense power cuts. To get out of these problemswe are going for the renewable energies likesolar,wind,biomass etc. As agriculture is heart of acountry and every individual depend on agriculturefor food. Farmers have been facing horribleproblems due to power cuts. Our paper is asolution for this problem.We are now coming upwith the design of “Solar power based waterpumping es,buckconverter,boostchopper,submersible motor.Introduction:Solarenergy,radiant light and heat fromthe sun, has been harnessed by humanssince ancient timesusing a range of ever-evolvingtechnologies.The early development of solartechnologies starting in the 1860s was driven by anexpectation that coal would soon become scarce.However, development of solartechnologiesstagnated in the early 20th century in the face of theincreasing availability, economy, and utility of coaland petroleum.Cedric Philibert, senior analyst inthe renewable energy division at the IEA said:“Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meetmost of the world’s demand for electricity by 2060and half of all energy needs with wind, hydropowerand biomass plants supplying much of trated solar power together can become themajor source of electricity”.IJERTV2IS100198Characteristics of PV CellA one kilowatt PV system each month: prevents 150 lbs. of coal from beingmined prevents 300 lbs. of CO2 fromentering the atmosphere keeps 105 gallons of water from beingconsumed keeps NO and SO2 from beingreleased into the environment *in Colorado, or an equivalent systemthat produces 150 kWh per monthwww.ijert.org333
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013Fig:Year and growth phenomenaDESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSISOF THE SOLAR PV DC WATER PUMPINGSYSTEMIJERTA solar water pumping system isdesigned with solar photovoltaic panels andlocally available electric pumps. Allcomponents in the system design have beenprocured locally except solar panels. A DCDC Buck converter is used to integrate withthe solar water pumping system to operate itefficiently. Themicrocontroller based solartracking system has incorporated in order toattain maximum solar power for electricitygeneration and thereby increasing the systemefficiency.generator based pumping system but itrequires far less maintenance cost. Howeverby comparing installation costs (includinglabor), fuel costs and maintenance costs over10 years with other conventional fuel basedpumping system, the solar PV water pumpingsystem can be a suitable alternate option. Thissystem has the added advantage of storingwater for use when the sun is notshining,eliminating the need for batteries,simplicity and reducing overall system costs.Solar water pumps are designed to use thedirect current (DC) provided by a PV array,although some newer versions use a variablefrequency AC motor and a three-phase ACpump controller that enables them to bepowered directly by the solar modules. Sincesolar cell is expensive and its electricityproduction is of intermittent nature thereforesolar pumps need to be as efficient as possiblei.e. they need to maximize the gallons of waterpumped per watt of electricity used.The long-term cost analysis makes thesolar PV pumping system comparable to mostother remote watering options in the ruralareas. The lifetime of solar water pump isusually 20 years, which ultimately is lowerthan the life span period cost compared to theSOLAR WATER PUMPING SYSTEM:The solar-powered pumping systemcan be used anywhere but it is appropriate forrural areas of India which is facing energycrisis like other developing countries of theworld. However due to geographical position,India has ample sunshine through the yearwhich makes it ideal location for utilization ofsolar energy. Small farms, villages, and animalherds in developing countries requirehydraulic output power of less than a kilowatt.Many of these potential users are too far froman electrical grid to economically tap thatsource of power, and engine-driven pumpingtends to be prohibitively expensive as well asunreliable due to the high cost of purchasedfuel and insufficient maintenance and repaircapabilities. Though the installation cost ofsolar powered pumping system is more thanthat of gas, diesel, or propane-poweredIJERTV2IS100198conventional pumps. By using solar PV pumps,load on the grid system can be reduced and thesubsidy on the diesel can be lowered.COMPONENETS USED FOR THEDESIGNED SYSTEM:1. Solar Panel2. Chopper3. Battery4. D C Motor5. ConnectorIn Components are sized accordinglyand then connected directly with the panels toexamine the converter design.SOLAR PANEL AND ARRAY:There are different sizes of PVmodules commercially available. For theproposed system, solar panels are used. Thespecifications of the solar panels are providedbelow:Rated Current: 7ampsRated Voltage: 24voltsShort Circuit (SC) Current: 8.07ampOpen Circuit (OC) Voltage: 42voltwww.ijert.org334
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013Cell Temperature: 25 cSix 250Wp solar panels have beenused to provide DC power supply for the waterpumping system. Such 6 solar panels supply1500Wp power during the normal condition.The solar panels are connected in two arrays,the first, second arrays and 6 panels. All sixpanels are connected in parallel to providepower supply to the pumping system.RATINGS OF SOLAR PANEL(STAND 1500W Inverter set Charge regulators FF 70% Efficiency 15-20% Tolerance -3 to 15 V max 34v Vo c 42v Imax 7A Is c 7.05A UPS back up Battery of 1800 AhIJERTALONE SYSTEM):DC - DC CONVERTERBATTERY COUPLED SOLAR WATERPUMPHere we are using battery-coupledwater pumping systems. It consist ofphotovoltaic (PV) panels, charge controlregulator, batteries, pump controller, pressureswitch and tank and DC water pump which isshown in figure1. The electric currentproduced by PV panels during daylight hourscharges the batteries and the batteries in turnsupply power to the pump anytime wheneverthe water is needed.DC SOLAR PUMPThe DC solar pump (DCSP) is widelyused throughout the world today. The DCSPoperates in a very simple mechanism. Figure 4shows the basic connection diagram of aDCSP. In the proposed photovoltaic waterpumping system, the solar panels are directlyconnected to a DC motor that drives the waterpump. For such simplified systems, DC motorsIJERTV2IS100198and centrifugal pumps are required, because oftheir ability to be matched to the output of thesolar panels. Volumetric pumps, often referredto as positive displacement pumps, havecompletelydifferenttorque-speedcharacteristics and are not well suited to beingdirectly coupled to solar panels. Similarly, arange of motor types is used for waterpumping systems, including DC series motors,DC permanent magnet motors, DC permanentmagnet brushlessmotors, AC asynchronousinduction motors and AC synchronous motors.For AC motors, an inverter is to be includedbetween the solar panels and the motor.For the proposed design, a DC motorand a centrifugal pump are used for the solarwater pumping system. Initially this system isimplemented without power conditioning unit(PCU) to observe the performance of thepumping system. Later a buck converter isincorporated with the designed system tosupply initial high current for starting of themotor.A dc to DC-to-DC converter is adevice that accepts a DC input voltage andproduces a DC output voltage. Typically theoutput produced is at a different voltage levelthan the input. Besides thereare SMPSconfigurations which can step up, step downvoltages with precise voltage regulation. Inthis design the buckconverter is used forcurrentboosting by stepping down the voltage for staringof the DC motor.BOOST CONVERTER:A boost converter (step-up converter) isa DC-to-DC power converter with an outputvoltage greater than its input voltage. It is a classof switched-modepowersupply (SMPS)containing at least two semiconductor switches(a diode and a transistor) and at least one energystorage element, a capacitor, inductor, or the two incombination. Filters made of capacitors (sometimesin combination with inductors) are normally addedto the output of the converter to reduce outputvoltage ripple.www.ijert.org335
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013Fig : Boost ChopperIJERTThe typical buck converter circuit is shown inthe figure below.Starting with the basic equation forcurrent flow through an inductor:V L (di/dt) (1)Or, L V (dt/di ) . (2)Rearrange and substitute:L (Vin – Vout) · (D / Fsw ) /Iripple . (3)(2) Calculation of the CapacitorThe peak-to-peak ripple voltage of thecapacitor is defined as:dVc di/ (8* Fsw * Cout) (4)Rearranging the terms to calculate“Cout” and the equation changes to:Cout di/ (8* Fsw *dVc ) . (5)Assuming dVc 2.3 mV, the value ofCout is obtained as:Cout .117 / (8* 30 KHz * 2.3 mV)So, Cout 211 μF(3) Selection of the diodeThe maximum Diode Current needs tobe analyzed first:Id (1-D) · ILOADSo, Id (1.0- 0.705) 51.42 15.1689AIn order to achieve the required Id, 10diodes of 12 V and 5 A rating are connected inparallel for the designed DC-DC converter.(4) Selection of the MOSFETTraditional Power MOSFETs arechosen whose gate pulse is provided fromSMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) circuit.Six power MOSFETs are connected in parallelto operate under a high current. TheMOSFETs are switched synchronously fromthe pulse of SMPS to control voltageregulation of the DC-DC converter. SG3524IC is used for designing the SMPS. Thesystemfrequency of the SMPS is kept at 30 kHz.Fig : Buck ChopperDC-DC BUCK CHOPPERInput and output voltage values aswell as the switching frequency needs to befixed at the very first of the designing process.The assumptions which are considered for thedesign are as follows,VIn 24volts,VOut 12volts,Fswitching 50 HzDuty Cycle, D 0.01 ,The circuit diagram of the SMPS IC is givenin the figure(1) Calculation of the InductorIJERTV2IS100198www.ijert.org336
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013Fig : Boost Chopper Simulation OutputBATTERY:IJERTWe have Ideal Voltage measurement.A battery is an electrochemical devicethat converts the chemical energy contained init’s active material directly into electricalenergy and vice versa by means of oxidationreduction reactionsBatteries are mainly used to supplyenergy on demandBatteries are one of the most sensitiveequipment of a PV system and expensive too,accounting for nearly 20% to 40% of the totalcost of the PV systemBatteries are mainly used for 2 purposes:1. As solar power is not available duringnights and cloudy days, we need tostore the energy produced during thedaytime2. for stand-alone applicationsThe most commonly used batteries inthe PV systems are the lead-acid and nickelcadmium batteries. But we use the lead-acidbattery, on account of its low cost and simplecharging process. The specification of thebattery that we use is 180ahFig : Buck Chopper Simulation OutputIJERTV2IS100198Calculation for the number of batteries that weuse in our project Generally the sun gives 1000W/sq.mt A solar panel is 15% efficientSo we get 150 W (15% of1000)Panel size 10*10[1sq.m 10.7sq.ft]10sq.m 107sq.ft 10sq.m 10.344We use 6 panels each of 250 watts(250*6 1500)The size of the motor that we use is 1hp (750watts)(Watts)750*5 3750 w-hrUsually battery is specified inamp-hrThe specification of thebattery that we use is 180Ah We require 3750/.8 4687.5 whr .8 is efficiency of motorwww.ijert.org337
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013 Weuse12vbatteryso4687.5/12 390.62Ah Batteryenergystored390.62/180*.6 3.66(Since batteryis 60% efficient) We require 4 batteries to supply powerto load for 4-5 hrs. 12 x 13 Rs. 156 daily Total 300 days we will get sunshinebecause we r in tropical zone 300 x 156 Rs. 46800 Now 143250/46800 3.2 years Reliability of solar is 15 - 20 years Hence after 4 years we will get profit Thus this recommends use of solar If Rs. 5.50 for unit thus paybackperiod is 7 years 13 years of profit If Rs. 3.50 for unit payback period is9.6 years 10 years profitENERGY PAY BACK TIME:PV’NOMICS Module costs typically represents only40-60% of total PV system cost andthe rest is accounted by inverter, PVarray support, electrical cabling andinstallation Most PV solar technologies rely onsemiconductor-gradecrystallinesilicon wafers, which are expensive toproduce compared with other energysources The high initial cost of the equipmentthey require discourages their largescale commercialization Initial cost of system 1 watt Rs. 95.50 Total system wattage 1500 1500 x 95.50 Rs. 143250 1.5 kw means 1.5 unit According to government rules 1 unitcost for commercial purpose is Rs. 13 In one day this system works for 6 2hrs means 8 hrs 8 x 1.5 12 unitsIJERTV2IS100198CONCLUSION:In this paper we designed a solarsystem which can be used in irrigation purposefor farmers in today’s scenario with highpower cuts and less rainfall. We Installed a 1.5KW solar system and found the cost benefitsfor the installed model of solar plant.Calculated the payback period for the systememployed in place of traditional system. Wedid the fault analysis for the system wedesigned and installed.IJERTEPBT is the time necessary for aphotovoltaic panel to generate the energyequivalent to that used to produce it.A ratio of total energy used tomanufacture a PV module to average dailyenergy of a PV system.At present the Energy payback timefor PV systems is in the range 8 to 11 years,compared with typical system lifetimes ofaround 30 years. About 60% of the embodiedenergy is due to the silicon wafers.BIBLIOGRAPHY:www.ijert.org1. Solar Photovoltaics: Fundamentals,Technologies and Applications ByChetan Singh Solanki2. Hand book for energy audits byAlbert Thumann, William .j. younger3. Energy auditing made easy by P.Balasubramaniam4. Energy Auditing in Electrical Utilitiesby Rajiv Shankar5. Energy ManagementbyW. R.Murphy, G. Mckay6. Solar energy by S. P. Sukhatme7. Power electronics by Dr. P. S.Bimbhra8. Fundamentals of power electronics byRobert W. Erickson338
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 20139. Fundamentals of power electronicswith MATLAB by Randall Shaffer10. Electrical machinery by Dr. P. ower.comIJERTV2IS100198www.ijert.org339
OF THE SOLAR PV DC WATER PUMPING SYSTEM A solar water pumping system is designed with solar photovoltaic panels and locally available electric pumps. All components in the system design have been procured locally except solar panels. A DC-DC Buck converter is used to integrate with the solar water pumping system to operate itCited by: 3Page Count: 7File Size: 529KBAuthor: M.Bala Raghav, K.Naga Bhavya, Y.Suchitra, G.Srinivasa Rao
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A solar power air compressor is not just a tank and portable generator looking device, but also needs solar power panels and wiring from the panels to your solar power air compressor. II. Solar Cell Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaic(PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power .
There are three types of solar cookers, solar box cookers or oven solar cookers, indirect solar cookers, and Concentrating solar cookers [2-10]. Figure 1 shows different types of solar cookers namely. A common solar box cooker consists of an insulated box with a transparent glass or plastic cover that allows solar radiation to pass through.
responding to the solar direction. The solar tracker can be used for several application such as solar cells, solar day-lighting system and solar thermal arrays. The solar tracker is very useful for device that needs more sunlight for higher efficiency such as solar cell. Many of the solar panels had been
Carolina show off the 8 foot solar cooker they constructed as a class project. Solar Fountains Dynamic Demonstrations of Solar Power at Work Solar fountains are fun and easy to build. Using . Building a Solar School Yearly 10th Grade Project Adds Capacity to Midland School's Solar Array Midland School is going solar, one class at a time .
Biodiversity Guidance for Solar Developments BRE National Solar Centre, Eds G E Parker and L Greene (2014) Planning Guidance for the Development of Large Scale Ground Mounted Solar PV Systems BRE National Solar Centre Solar Farms: Ten Commitments UK Solar Trade Association Model Ordinances Connecticut Rooftop Solar PV Permitting Guide
