Optimizing Nutrient Removal Review & Case Studies
Optimizing NutrientRemoval Review &Case StudiesWebinar for TennesseeWastewater OperatorsFebruary 17, 2021Grant Weaver, PE & wastewater ps.com1
Strategies for OptimizingNutrient RemovalWeek 1: Nitrogen RemovalWeek 2: Phosphorus RemovalToday: Nitrogen & Phosphorus Review &Case StudiesFeb 24: N&P Removal in Oxidation Ditch wwtpsMar 3: N&P Removal in SBRsMar 10: N&P Removal in Conventional Activated SludgeMar 17: Brainstorming N&P RemovalOpportunities for Tennessee WastewaterTreatment Plants2
Nutrient Removal Knowledge3
Step 1: Convert Ammonia (NH4) to Nitrate (NO3)Oxygen-rich Aerobic ProcessDon’t need BOD for bacteria to growBacteria are sensitive to pH and temperatureStep 2: Convert Nitrate (NO3) to Nitrogen Gas (N2)Oxygen-poor Anoxic ProcessDo need BOD for bacteria to growBacteria are hardy
Ammonia Removal st1 Step of N Removal
Ammonia RemovalAmmonia (NH4) is converted to Nitrate (NO3)Ammonia(NH4)
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)AlkalinityH
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)AlkalinityNitrite(NO2)H
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)AlkalinityOxygen (O2)Nitrite(NO2)H
Ammonia RemovalOxygen (O2)Ammonia(NH4)AlkalinityOxygen (O2)Nitrite(NO2)H Nitrate(NO3)
Nitrification:Ammonia (NH4) is converted to Nitrate (NO3)Oxygen Rich HabitatMLSS* of 2500 mg/L (High Sludge Age / MCRT / low F:M)ORP* of 100 to 150 mV (High DO)Time* (high HRT 24 hr, 12 hr, 6 hr)Low BODConsumes OxygenAdds acid - Consumes 7 mg/L alkalinity per mg/L of NH4 NO3*Approximate, each facility is different.
NitrateRemoval - 2ndStep of Nremoval
Nitrate RemovalNitrate(NO3)
Nitrate RemovalBODNitrate(NO3)
Nitrate RemovalBODNitrate(NO3)Nitrogen Gas(N2)
Nitrate RemovalBODNitrate(NO3)OxygenNitrogen Gas(N2)
Nitrate RemovalBODNitrate(NO3)OxygenNitrogen Gas(N2)AlkalinityAdds DO (dissolved oxygen)Consumes BODGives back alkalinity beneficially raises pH
Denitrification:Nitrate (NO3) is converted to Nitrogen Gas (N2)Oxygen Poor HabitatORP* of -100 mV or less (DO less than 0.3 mg/L)Surplus BOD* (100-250 mg/L: 5-10 times as much as NO3)Retention Time* of 1-2 hoursGives back OxygenGives back Alkalinity (3.5 mg/L per mg/L of NO3 N2)*Approximate, each facility is different.
Nitrogen RemovalDO: Dissolved OxygenORP: Oxygen Reduction PotentialMLSS: Mixed Liquor Suspended SolidsStep 1: Nitrification(Ammonia Removal)Step 1: Denitrification(Nitrate Removal) 100 mV or more Less than -100 mV1 mg/L or more2500 mg/L or moreBOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand6 or more hoursAlkalinity60 mg/L or moreHRT: Hydraulic Retention Timeless than 20 mg/LAlkalinity is lostNote: All numbers are approximations, “rules of thumb”Less than 0.2 mg/LSame1 or more hours100 mg/L or moreAlkalinity is gained
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com22
MLE Process(Modified Ludzack-Ettinger)
MLE (Modified Ludzack-Ettinger) rnal RecycleNH4Return SludgeNO3
MLE (Modified Ludzack-Ettinger) ProcessAnoxicZoneAerobicZoneInternal RecycleNH4Return SludgeSecondaryClarifierNO3
MLE (Modified Ludzack-Ettinger) ProcessAnoxicZoneAerobicZoneInternal RecycleNO3N2NH4Return SludgeSecondaryClarifier
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com27
Sequencing BatchReactorSBR
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Ammonia (NH4) Removal: NitrificationSBR #1NH4SBR #2NO3Air ONIdleSludge Storage
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Nitrate (NO3) Removal: DenitrificationSBR #1NO3SBR #2N2Air OFFIdleSludge Storage
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Settle, Decant & Waste SludgeSBR #1SBR #2Decant /WasteAir ONSludge StorageSBR Process Control:Establish cycle times that arelong enough to provideoptimal habitats.And, short enough to allowall of the flow to be nitrifiedand denitrified.
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Oxidation Ditch
Oxidation SecondaryClarifier
Oxidation oneSecondaryClarifier
Oxidation neSecondaryClarifier
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Biological Phosphorus RemovalStep 1: prepare “dinner”VFA (volatile fatty acids) production in anaerobic/fermentive conditionsStep 2: “eat”Bio-P bugs (PAOs, “phosphate accumulating organisms”) eat VFAs inanaerobic/fermentive conditions temporarily releasing more P into the waterStep 3: “breathe” and growBio-P bugs (PAOs) take in almost all of the soluble P in aerobicconditions as they grow and reproduce
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Biological Phosphorus Removal:Mainstream Flow FermentationProcesses
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation condaryClarifierVFAsGravityThickenerIn Anaerobic Tank Bacteria break down complex BOD into VFAs(volatile fatty acids).SludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation condaryClarifierVFAsPO4GravityThickenerIn Anaerobic Tank Bacteria break down complex BOD into VFAs(volatile fatty acids).PAO bacteria (phosphate accumulating organisms)take in VFAs as energy source & temporarilyrelease PO4 (phosphate) into solution.SludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation condaryClarifierPO4GravityThickenerIn Anaerobic Tank Bacteria break down complex BOD into VFAs(volatile fatty acids).PAO bacteria (phosphate accumulating organisms)take in VFAs as energy source & temporarilyrelease PO4 (phosphate) into solution.In Aeration Tank Energized PAO bacteria take PO4 out of solution.SludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation condaryClarifierPO4GravityThickenerIn Anaerobic Tank Bacteria break down complex BOD into VFAs(volatile fatty acids).PAO bacteria (phosphate accumulating organisms)take in VFAs as energy source & temporarilyrelease PO4 (phosphate) into solution.In Aeration Tank Energized PAO bacteria take PO4 out of solution.SludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation ProcessPrimaryClarifierGravityThickenerAnoxic -anoxic zone to Strengthen anaerobic conditions in anaerobic tankMinimize VFA use by denitrifying bacteria – the onesthat convert Nitrate (NO3) to Nitrogen Gas (N2) – by“feeding” influent to the denitrifiers.SludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation ProcessPrimaryClarifierAnoxic sPO4GravityThickenerPre-anoxic zone to Strengthen anaerobic conditions in anaerobic tankMinimize VFA use by denitrifying bacteria – the onesthat convert Nitrate (NO3) to Nitrogen Gas (N2) – by“feeding” influent to the denitrifiers.SludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation ProcessPrimaryClarifierAnoxic GravityThickenerPre-anoxic zone to Strengthen anaerobic conditions in anaerobic tankMinimize VFA use by denitrifying bacteria – the onesthat convert Nitrate (NO3) to Nitrogen Gas (N2) – by“feeding” influent to the denitrifiers.SludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Mainstream Fermentation ProcessPrimaryClarifierAnoxic GravityThickenerPre-anoxic zone to Strengthen anaerobic conditions in anaerobic tankMinimize VFA use by denitrifying bacteria – the onesthat convert Nitrate (NO3) to Nitrogen Gas (N2) – by“feeding” influent to the denitrifiers.SludgeStorage
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Biological Phosphorus Removal:Combined Sidestream & MainstreamFermentation
Bio-P Removal: Sidestream Fermentation udgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Sidestream Fermentation udgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Sidestream Fermentation udgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Sidestream Fermentation dgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Sidestream Fermentation rogen Interference:Nitrate (NO3) will consume VFAsSludgeStorage
Bio-P Removal: Sidestream Fermentation ProcessPrimaryClarifierAnoxic ionTankSecondaryClarifierSludgeStorage
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Less than 3x ortho-P leaving Anaerobic rageIf Anaerobic Tank isn’t really anaerobic turn off mixer(s)
3x ortho-P leaving Anaerobic Tank but high effluent hickenerAerationTankSecondaryClarifier1. Poor removal in Aeration Tank 2.0 mg/L DO / 150 mV ORP6.8 pHIf seasonal, maybe too little BOD2. Rerelease most likely in clarifier(s)Profile ortho-P through the plantSludgeStorage
Optimizing Bio-P Removal:Mainstream or Sidestream FermentationAnaerobic Tank2 hour HRT (hydraulic retention time)*ORP of -200 mV*25 times as much BOD as influent ortho-P*Ortho-P release (3 times influent ortho-P)*Aeration TankDO of 2.0 mg/LORP of 150 mVpH of 7.0 *Ortho-P concentration of 0.05 mg/L**Approximate: Every Plant is Different
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com63
Getting creative Biological Phosphorus removalfrom plants not designed asEBPR (enhanced biologicalphosphorus removal) facilities64
Home Grown Sidestream geStorage
Home Grown Sidestream ankSecondaryClarifierSludgeStorage
Home Grown Sidestream ankSecondaryClarifierSludgeFermenterStorage
Home Grown Sidestream ankSecondaryClarifierFermenter
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Number of Operators at your plant70
LafayetteNashville Dry CreekNorris71
Cookeville, TennesseePopulation: 33,50015 MGD design flow72
Cookeville73
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Cookeville - As Designed
Cookeville - As Now Operated
Cookeville - As Now Operated
Cookeville - As Now Operated
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Norris, TennesseePopulation: 1,4500.2 MGD design flow82
Norris83
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Norris86
Norris87
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Nashville Dry CreekPopulation: 678,00024 MGD design flow
Nashville Dry Creek90
Nashville Dry Creek91
Nashville Dry Creek92
Nashville Dry Creek93
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com94
Harriman, TennesseePopulation: 6,2001.5 MGD design flow
Harriman, TennesseeActual Flow(MGD)1.2Effluent Nitrogen (mg/L)Effluent Phosphorus (mg/L)Historical Average After Optimization Historical Average After Optimization21.52.32.91.4
Harriman - As Designed97
Harriman - As Operated98
Harriman - As Operated99
Harriman - As Operated100
Harriman - As Operated101
Harriman - As Operated102
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com103
Athens, TennesseePopulation: 13,8506.0 MGD design flow104
Athens106
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Pratt, KansasPopulation: 6,6001.0 MGD design flow109
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Wichita, KansasPopulation: 390,00054.4 MGD design flow112
Wichita Pilot StudyNitrogen RemovalCycle aeration on/off inAeration Basin 6Phosphorus RemovalSide stream fermenter usingabandoned centrate tanks113
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com114
MONTANA115
Conrad, MontanaPopulation: 2,5000.5 MGD design flow116
Conrad, Montana - Nitrogen Removal
Conrad, Montana - Phosphorus Removal
Conrad, Montana - Phosphorus Removal
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Chinook, MontanaPopulation: 1,2500.5 MGD design flow123
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com126
Helena, MontanaPopulation: 31,5005.4 MGD design flow
Helena, Montana - Nitrogen Removal130
Helena, Montana - Phosphorus Removal131
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com132
Acknowledgements, Part 1TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT & CONSERVATION (TDEC)Karina Bynum, Sherry Wang, George Garden, Jenny Dodd, Jason Benton, Eddie Bouzied, BryanCarter, David Duhl, Jordan Fey, Oakley Hall, Michael Murphy, Steve Owens, Rob Ramsey, SherwinSmith, Robert Tipton, Sandra Vance, John West, Ariel Wessel-Fuss ATHENSGreg Hayes, Russell Coleman & John SullivanCOOKEVILLERonnie Kelly, Tom Graham & John BufordHARRIMANRay FreemanNASHVILLEJohnnie MacDonald & David TuckerNORRISTony Wilkerson & Doug Snelson 133
Acknowledgements, continuedTENNESSEE, continued Brett Ward (UT-MTAS), Dewayne Culpepper (TAUD), Larry Gamblin (Bartlett), Danny Neely(Baileyton), David Harrison (Collierville), Nic Willis (Cowan), Darryl Green (Henderson), Jack Hauskins & RockyHudson (Lafayette) KANSAS Tom Stiles Rod Geisler Shelly Shores-Miller Nick Reams Ryan Eldredge Kyle Salmon MikeDisipio Dave Carr Clint Gregor Bruce Hurt Anthony Zell Jeff Shanline & Jay Angood (PRATT) JamieBelden & Becky Lewis (WICHITA)MONTANA Paul LaVigne Pete Boettcher Josh Viall Mike Abrahamson Drue Newfield Bill Bahr DaveFrickey Curt Konecky Del Phipps Aaron Losing Robert Seamons Grant Burroughs Gene Connell Terry Campbell Anna Miller Eric Miller & Cory Fox (CHINOOK) Keith Thaut (CONRAD) Mark Fitzwater &entire staff (HELENA)EPA Paul Shriner Tina Laidlaw Brendon Held Craig Hesterlee Tony Tripp and, many more!
Nutrient Removal Knowledge135
Nitrogen & Phosphorus Removal inOxidation DitchesWednesday, February 2410:00 - 11:45 AM Central Time Mar 3: N&P Removal in SBRsMar 10: N&P Removal in ConventionalActivated SludgeMar 17: Brainstorming N&P RemovalOpportunities for TennesseeWastewater Treatment Plants
Great Bend, KansasPopulation: 13,4003.6 MGD design flow137
Grant Weaverg.weaver@cleanwaterops.com138
Helena, MontanaPopulation: 31,5005.4 MGD design flow
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TENNESSEE145
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Optimizing Bio -P Removal: Mainstream or Sidestream Fermentation. Anaerobic Tank. 2 hour HRT (hydraulic retention time)* ORP of -200 mV* 25 times as much BOD as influent ortho-P* Ortho-P release (3 times influent ortho-P)* Aeration Tank. DO of 2.0 mg/L. ORP of 150 mV. pH of 7.0 * Ortho-P concentration of 0.05 mg/L* *Approximate: Every Plant is .
Mixing nutrient solutions 16 Factors influencing water and macro nutrient uptake in a hydroponic growth system 18 Nutrient solution pH 18 Nutrient solution composition 19 . Nutrient and water use of a tomato crop is affected by the irrigation scheduling in hydroponic systems. 128 Abstract 128 Introduction 129 Methods and materials 130
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BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL PROCESSES December 1, 2010 Georgine Grissop PE, BCEE. grissopga@cdm.com. Milestones. 1954 Wuhrman Proposes 2-stage, Aerobic/Anoxic Process. . At Baltimore, Maryland Back River Wastewater Treatment Plant. Biological Nutrient Removal Processes. Milestones
using standard testing methods. Calculations of biological nutrient removal (BNR) efficiencies were used to evaluate the effects of high inflow to the biological treatability of the activated sludge for the period 2016-2017. At inflows above design capacity the nutrient removal efficiency was found to be
Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) is a resource that is used to code dietary intakes and to calculate nutrients for WWEIA. It is based on nutrient values in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20 (Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, 2008).
as a base for nutrient solutions in hydroponic systems, and how these constraints could be mitigated. Our hypotheses were the following: (i) Using organic nutrient solution will not decrease photosynthesis and growth as compared with using mineral nutrient solutions. (ii) Using an organic nutrient solution will improve the quality of the produce.
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Rider - Beginner / Relatively unfit but on a comeback Total hours per week - 5 to 7 You’ll now be settled into the program and have a good idea of how it works. You should have your new FTP test power level added to FulGaz. Lots of this month may be quite different from how you've trained in the past, with lots of going as fast as you can for given distances, but this is where we're going to .
