A Master Plan For The Next Generation
CHAPTER 4ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPA Master Plan for the Next Generation
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPHarford County is rich in natural resources that contribute tothe quality of life of its residents. Harford County is committedto maintaining and enhancing these resources through theimplementation of policies that promote environmentalstewardship.Environmental stewardship begins with theunderstanding that people should live in harmony with theirenvironment.Environmental stewardship highlights theinterconnection between natural and built environments andemphasizes the need to balance responsible developmentwith the protection of our natural resources. The EnvironmentalStewardship theme provides a framework of policies andimplementations that preserve natural habitats, protect andenhance areas of high ecological value, and effectivelymanage environmental resources with limited funds. Thisframework is organized through the development of fiveprinciples: Protect and Restore Environmentally Sensitive Areas,Preserve Water Resources, Stormwater Management, Outreachand Education, and Natural Resource Management.58State Visions:Environmental ProtectionResource ConservationStewardshipPublic ParticipationQuality of Life andSustainabilityCommunity DesignInfrastructureGrowth AreasEconomic DevelopmentImplementationOverlapping Themes:Grow with PurposePreserving our HeritageHarfordNEXT
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPEnvironmentally Sensitive AreasThe protection and restoration of Harford County’s environmentally sensitive areas is paramountto maintaining a high quality of life for our citizens. Harford County has many sensitive resources;including streams, wetlands, floodplains, forests, rare habitats, steep slopes, and otherenvironmental assets. Streams, wetlands and floodplains provide excellent habitat for manyspecies. These areas have also been deemed worthy of protection for their value in improvingwater quality. Rare or unique habitat areas need focused preservation efforts to maintaintheir health and biodiversity. These areas have been identified as Targeted Ecological Areas(TEAs), which are lands deemed as the most ecologically valuable in the state. The County willalso utilize other GIS data sets through the Bionet system to target ecologically valuable areas.These lands are preferred for conservation and preservation funding.Forested resources are another important sensitive area worth protecting. By providing shadeto headwater streams, reducing sediment load, and improving habitat, forests can be themost effective land cover in certain areas. Forested areas that provide hubs and corridors forwildlife are especially important for targeting protection and restoration efforts. TEAs, forestedhubs and corridors will be the foundation of a future Green Infrastructure Plan for the County.The County will continue to improve the quality of our sensitive areas and environmentalresources by developing new policies or building on existing efforts to protect these areas.Forested streams provide multiple environmental benefits.Preserve Water ResourcesThe County’s water resources are an integral part of the landscape of the County. Preservingand protecting the quality and quantity of our water resources is fundamental to the public’shealth and quality of life by providing adequate drinking water supplies, waste water treatment,and stormwater management. Certain streams are drinking water sources for County residents,while other areas rely on groundwater. Measures must continually be implemented to providehigh quality drinking water for all of our citizens. The County must remain environmentallyHarfordNEXT59
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPSensitive Areas «23 « «136165 «SUSQ146UEHANNA «1165 «CE C ILCO U N TYRI543VER «23 «24 1 «155 «22 «152B E L AI R « «AB E R D E E N «924B AL T IM O R ECO U N TY§ 95 1 «24 «7152Green Infrastructure Hubs «40 «Green Infrastructure CorridorsH AV R EDEG R AC E136543 « «159AB E R D E E NP R O VI NGG R O UN D75524Ecologically Sensitive AreasChesapeake Bay Critical AreaFloodplainTier II StreamsA.P .G .CHESAPEAKEBAYStreams[60K E NTCO U N TYHarfordNEXT
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPresponsible in its conveyance and treatment of waste water discharges. There are manyhigh quality (Tier II) streams in the County, and additional efforts may be needed to ensurestreams maintain their high quality. Quality and quantity of runoff from the landscape is greatlyinfluenced by land cover; from forest, field, cropland and pasture to high-density urban uses.The impact of stormwater on streams must be analyzed to ensure that the water quality ofour streams does not become impaired. There are many state and federal laws that HarfordCounty must comply with in regards to water quality, and Harford County must continue tomeet or exceed these measures. Through the implementation of sound land use planning,best management practices, monitoring, and education and outreach, all water resourceswill be effectively managed.Since spring 2011, the County has invested over 48 million into upgrades for the Sod Run andJoppatowne wastewater treatment facilities toimprove capacity, handling, and discharge qualityof wastewater.Adequate Stormwater ManagementA responsible environmental stewardship plan encourages stormwater management facilitiesthat are designed in harmony with the natural environment. Stormwater management systemsshould be designed to mimic natural hydrology patterns. Development or redevelopmentshould be designed in a manner that does not overburden local streams. When impacts ofstormwater runoff are treated at the source, water quality is maintained.Stormwater management techniques suchas bioretention facilities treat pollution at thesource.The County should consider ways to reduce the footprint of future development activities,and partner with citizen groups and non-profit organizations to restore and enhance existingdeveloped areas. The County should also explore restoration practices that remove impervioussurfaces and promote landscaping with native plants. Expanding our outreach and educationefforts to install small scale stormwater management devices such as rain barrels, rain gardens,and conservation landscaping will assist with improved stormwater management.HarfordNEXT61
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPOutreach and EducationCommunity engagement is one of the foundations of environmental stewardship. The roleof local government is to effectively communicate information to their citizens. The Countycurrently has several environmentally-focused programs that use education to engage youth,such as the Envirothon. Student teams work collaboratively to develop their knowledge ofecology and natural resource management and practice their environmental problemsolving skills in preparation for Envirothon competitions. In 2011, Maryland became thefirst state in the nation to require students to be environmentally literate as a high schoolgraduation requirement. One of the main goals of this requirement is to create meaningfuloutdoor experiences with students to foster the understanding that we are all connectedto the environment. The County will continue to find ways to engage residents to foster thedevelopment of environmental stewardship for future generations.Protecting our water resources from the impacts of nonpoint source pollution continues to bea complex challenge. This type of pollution originates from diffuse sources and effects largegeographic areas, making it difficult to control and regulate. Governments at all levels havemade strides in reducing pollution in sectors such as agriculture, septic systems, and wastewatertreatment plants through various programs. Outreach and education was an importantfactor in the success of these programs. Local governments must improve outreach whileencouraging grassroots efforts from concerned citizen groups and watershed associationsto help make meaningful improvements on private properties at the source. The County willcontinue to use social media and other outlets to help build and maintain environmentaloutreach and education efforts.Arbor Day tree planting events provide outreach andeduction opportunities.Natural Resource ManagementThe primary goal of natural resource management is to preserve and protect our naturalresources while enhancing public safety and health. The responsible management ofour natural resources is an essential component to a high quality of life for the citizens ofHarford County. A sound natural resource management plan emphasizes the protectionand restoration of natural systems while encouraging public outreach and participation inthe stewardship of our resources. Natural resources such as forests, streams, and wetlandscan provide many benefits when they are effectively managed. When these resources aremismanaged, they can become a community liability. HarfordNEXT supports a systematicapproach to natural resource management that promotes stewardship while recognizing theeconomic and quality of life benefits derived from them.62HarfordNEXT
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPHARFORDCOUNTYNatural Resources6010,782%acres 26of the Countyis covered byofhigh qualityfloodplainwatersheds& endangerdenetaeed hrht,abiteraatrÌFamefloweràà àThe fameflower is arock-dwellingplant with shallowroots & is exclusiveto the serpentinebarrens in HarfordCounty.Agricultural land usehas the largest amountof tree canopymiles ofprotectedmajorstreambuffersin HarfordCountyBog turtleThe bog turtle is 3-4"in size.1Harford County hasone of the largestpopulations of thefringe-tip gentianin the state.nationalchampiontree95Tallft16 ftCircumferenceBitternut HickoryCarya cordiformis48%Source: MD Department of Natural Resources, Harford County Planning & Zoning.HarfordNEXTFringe-tipGentian30of the state's147 champion treesare in Harford Countyof the County iscovered in tree canopy63
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPPrinciples, Goals, and PoliciesEnvironmental Stewardship (ES):forPROTECT AND RESTOREENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASGoal ES 1.1: Protect streams, wetlands,and their buffers.Rationale: Research has shown that waterquality is greatly improved by preserving orrestoring areas adjacent to streams andwetlands.Harford County entered the National FloodInsurance Program on March 2, 1983. Thisallows County residents and businesses topurchase flood insurance, and allows theCounty to receive federal disaster funding.Implementation(a) Utilize advanced mapping and datatools to more accurately depict floodplains incoordination with the Department of PublicWorks.Implementation(a) Protect Tier II subwatersheds andTargeted Ecological Areas. Require the useof innovative designs and best managementpractices in developments located in Tier IIwatersheds.Tier II waters are streams that have beenidentified by the State as having significantlyhigher water quality than the standard forthe designated use of that stream.(b) Conduct watershed studies to assess thehealth of streams throughout Harford County.(c) Consider limiting forest clearing withinNRD buffers.(d) Prepare a County Green InfrastructurePlan that will identify and prioritize largeforested hubs and corridors.Goal ES 1.2:floodplains.Preserve100–yearRationale: By discouraging developmentwithin the 100-year floodplains, the risk offlood losses is reduced. Floods can result in theloss of life and property along with increasedrisks to health and safety.64Maintaining floodplains is important toprotecting life and property from major floodevents.(b) Encourage property owners in floodprone areas to elevate structures higherthan the two foot freeboard requirement tominimize damage and reduce the cost offlood insurance.(c) Improve the County’s CommunityRating System (CRS) score through updatedregulations, outreach, and improved floodwarning dissemination, which can reduceflood insurance rates for our citizens.(d) Pursue grants for protecting Countyinfrastructure from flood damage.Harford County is currently a Class VIIcommunity in CRS, which gives citizens a15% discount on flood insurance.HarfordNEXT
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPGoal ES 1.3: Protect rare, threatened,and endangered species (RTE) andecologically significant areas fromencroachment.Rationale: Unique combinations of climate,soil, topography and vegetation providehabitats for rare plants and animals. Focusedpreservation efforts will ensure the health andbiodiversity of these areas.Implementation(a) Identify ecologically high-value landthat is worthy of preservation based uponthe presence of RTE species or otherenvironmental assets.(b) Pursue grants that improve rare habitatsor other environmental features.Harford County (excluding APG) isapproximately 49% TEA, most of which islocated in the northern tier of the County.(e) Support actions to maintain habitatconditions for sensitive fishery resources insections of Deer Creek and Little Gunpowder.Goal ES 1.4: Protect and restore forestresources.Rationale:Preserving forests providesnumerous benefits such as improved waterand air quality, reduced erosion andpollutants from surface and ground water,and habitat and temperature regulation foraquatic species.Implementation(a) Identify gaps in forest canopy coverageand prioritize funding for planting projects inthese areas.(b) Create incentives for land owners toreforest and restore ecologically valuableland.(c) Develop a County program to assistproperty owners in planting riparian forestbuffers.Harford County is one of four Maryland countiesthat still have one of North America’s smallestand rarest turtle, the bog turtle (Glyptemysmuhlenbergii).(c) Improve outreach to landowners thathave RTE habitat utilizing various methods;including the web, social media, andwebinars to protect our most valuableresources.(d) Targeted Ecological Areas should beprioritized in the County’s Green InfrastructurePlan.(d) Apply for grants to help improve habitatson properties with existing Rural Legacyeasements.(e) Work with homeowner associations toplant unused open space areas that areroutinely mowed.(f) Partner with DPW to strategically reforestalong designated County road rights-of-wayto improve water quality and wildlife habitat.(g) Enhance buffer yard requirements byrequiring the use of native plants for newconstruction.(h) Create a Tree Canopy Ordinance withinthe Green Infrastructure Plan.HarfordNEXT65
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPPRESERVE WATER RESOURCESGoal ES 2.1: Ensure high-quality drinkingwater to Harford County’s citizens.Rationale: Maintaining and improving thequantity and quality of our water is importantto the health, safety, and welfare of ourcitizens and business community.Implementation(a) Coordinate with municipalities and APGto make decisions on system adequacy.(b) Protect quality of drinking water sourceswith a specific emphasis on the Winters Runwatershed.(c) Explore water reuse capabilities suchas greywater and rainwater recycling forcertain land uses to increase efficiency andsave costs.Harford County’s water system has over 600miles of water mains with 12 storage tanksthat hold over 12 million gallons of water.See WRE in Appendix II for maps of existingand future conditions of water and sewerservice areas.Goal ES 2.2: Provide the necessaryinfrastructuretomeetwastewaterdemands while improving the quality ofdischarge from treatment plants.Rationale: Ensuring the proper and effectivetreatment of wastewater is critical to meetingwater quality standards established by thefederal government for our streams, rivers,and bay.Implementation(a) Improve the quality of discharge watersin accordance with our National PollutantDischarge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.(b) Work with the Health Department to66identify areas currently served by privateseptic systems and assist property ownerswho elect to convert to public sewer.(c) Coordinate with municipalities and APGto routinely review system adequacy.(d) Support the use of Bay Restoration Fundsfor new and replacement septic systemswithin 1,000 feet of perennial streams andrequire these systems to use Best AvailableTechnology (BAT).Harford County has nearly 800 miles ofsewer mains and lateral lines to maintain.Goal ES 2.3: Reduce stormwater runoffthat impacts our streams, river, and bay.Rationale: High quality water that is clean andfree of pollutants is an important componentof a healthy community and economy.Implementation(a) Promote and enhance the implementationstandards of the County’s NPDES permit.(b) Support the actions of the existingWatershed Implementation Plan (WIP).(c) Construct enhanced best managementpractices to reduce pollutants to streamsand wetlands, where appropriate.(d) Update and refine the County’s nonpointsource loading analysis to accurately assessfuture priority projects.Goal ES 2.4: Protect groundwater qualityto ensure a safe and adequate drinkingwater supply.Rationale: Protecting drinking water suppliesthat are derived from groundwater isimportant to the health of citizens in areasnot served by public water.HarfordNEXT
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPImplementation(a) Evaluate existing impervious surface limitsof the County’s Water Source ProtectionDistrict regulations.(b) Identify and mitigate potential sourcesof contamination to reduce environmentalliability and minimize the need forgroundwater cleanup.(c) Work with APG to identify strategies formaintaining and improving the quality ofthe County’s groundwater supply wells inPerryman.In 2014, the Potomac Group Aquiferprovided 1.4 billion gallonsof groundwater to County citizens.ADEQUATE STORMWATERMANAGEMENTGoal ES 3.1: Reduce the footprint ofdevelopment through innovative designconcepts.Rationale:Water quality and quantitycan be positively affected when naturaltopographical and hydrological conditionsare maintained.Implementation(a) Evaluate parking standards to reduceimpervious cover.(b) Establish stricter limits on impervioussurfaces and forest clearing within the GreenInfrastructure Plan.(c) Develop design standards that place anemphasis on maintaining natural landscapes.(d) Require the inclusion of native plants aspart of landscape plans to improve habitat.(e) Evaluate height restrictions on structuresHarfordNEXTto allow flexibility in new developments andreduce the impervious footprint.Goal ES 3.2: Establish a tree canopyprogram that encourages citizens tomaintain and increase tree canopy inrural and urban environments.Rationale: Increasing tree canopy in moredensely developed areas helps to mitigatepollution from stormwater runoff.Otherbenefits include improved air quality,reductions in the urban heat island effect,and reduction in thermal pollution to streamsand rivers.Thermal pollution can degrade streams withnative trout populations.Implementation(a) Increase the County tree canopycoverage (currently 48% as determined bythe 2013 County Tree Canopy Assessment),by two percentage points over the next tenyears.(b) Work with homeowner’s associations toplant trees within existing developments,with an emphasis on planting passive openspaces.(c) Conduct a County tree canopy studyevery 10 years to track progress.(d) Identify priority areas for reforestationefforts by utilizing GIS.(e) Require the use of resilient native treespecies that can tolerate the conditions ofurban/suburban areas to increase survivalrates.(f) Partner with SHA, DPW, Parks andRecreation to incorporate tree canopy intothe design of projects.67
CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIPGoal ES 3.3: Increase outreach andeducation activities related to stormwatermanagement.Rationale: Treating stormwater runoff at thesource significantly reduces the cumulativeeffects on streams and rivers. Low-costsolutions like rain barrels, rain gardens, andconservation landscaping can help improvelocal water quality, enhancing the quality oflife.Implementation(a) Train citizen groups to perform wate
A Master Plan for the Next Generation CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP. CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP 58 HarfordNEXT State Visions: Environmental Protection Resource Conservation Stewardship Public Participation Quality of Life and Sustainability Community Design Infrastructure Growth Areas
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