Allow The Use Of Equivalent Tools And Equipment . - Boeing
Boeing and the FAAallow the use ofequivalent tools andequipment in airplaneand componentmaintenance manuals.24a e r o q u a r t e r ly qtr 03 10
Understanding Tools andEquipment EquivalencyOperators often contact Boeing asking whether commercial tools and equipment fromdifferent vendors or with different part numbers are equivalent to those listed in Boeingairplane maintenance manuals (AMMs). In general, if the specifications of the tool orequipment meet or exceed the specifications of the AMM procedures, they are consideredto be equivalent to the commercial tool or equipment recommended in the AMM.By Giday Girmay, Associate Technical Fellow, Maintenance and Ground Operations SystemsBeing able to quickly determine the equiv alency of commercial tools and equipmentcan reduce or eliminate related airplanemaintenance delays for operators.This article explains how to determinethe equivalency of commercial tools, aswell as the equivalency of special toolsand equipment. It also addresses generalequivalency issues about tools, equipment,and ground-support equipment.While most of the equivalency questionsreceived by Boeing deal with commercialtools and equipment in Boeing AMMs,the same questions and resolutionscan be applied to commercial tools andequipment in component maintenancemanuals (CMMs), Boeing fault isolationmanuals, and the Boeing standard wiringpractices manual.Standard tools are those not normallyfound in a mechanic’s toolbox but arerequired to perform airplane maintenance.These items, such as oil resistant bucketsand torque wrenches, do not have vendorpart numbers. Because there are not manyequivalency questions about these tools,they are not discussed in this article.equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and theU.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): Basis for equivalency The use of equivalent tools and equipmenthas been established by Boeing, originalWWW.boeing.com/c o m m e r c i a l / a e r o m a g a z i n eBoeing allows the use of equivalenttools and equipment throughout AMMprocedures, including the introduction toAMM Part II (Practices and Procedures)and the Tools/Equipment sections.OEMs such as airplane component sup pliers allow the use of equivalent toolsand equipment in the Testing and FaultIsolation and Special Tools, Fixtures, andEquipment sections of their CMM.The FAA allows the use of equivalenttools and equipment as stated in Title14 Code of Federal Regulations Part145.109 (c) and in Federal AviationRegulation 43.13(a).25
Establishing equivalency forcommercial tools and equipmentMost commercial tools and equipmentused in AMMs and CMMs are generic innature and are designed to make measure ments that are not unique to any specifictest procedure in AMMs or CMMs. Theyare used across different test proceduresas applicable and are referred to ascommercial-off-the-shelf tools and equip ment. They are available from multiplevendors with different part numbers andphysical attributes and perform the sameor different functions. They may includeindustry standard tools and equipmentsuch as wrenches, multimeters, andsockets that are manufactured to arecognized industry standard.To determine equivalency of commercialtools and equipment, users should firstensure that the tool or equipment fallsunder the definition of commercial toolsand equipment as discussed above. (Allcommercial tools and equipment in theAMMs are identified by Boeing internalreference numbers beginning with the prefix“COM,” which stands for commercial. Thesereference numbers are listed in a table inthe introduction section of the AMMs andthroughout the tools and equip ment sectionsof the AMM procedures.) Commercial toolsand equipment listed in AMMs include: Multimeters, ammeters, megohmmeters,bonding meters, and Inductance Capaci tance Resistance (i.e., LCR) meters.Decade resistance boxes, gauges,borescopes, and frequency counters.Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC)429/629 data loaders and ARINC429/629 data bus analyzers.Tools (including crimping andswaging tools).Jacks (including tripod, axle, andhydraulic).The key criterion for equivalencybetween commercial tools and equipmentis their function: an equivalent commercialtool or equipment must perform the samefunction and deliver the same result in agiven AMM task procedure as the recom mended commercial tool or equipment. Toestablish equivalency for commercial toolsand equipment, locate and identify the26airplane test or measurement specificationsin the AMM procedures and compare themto the specifications of the proposed equiv alent tool or equipment. If the specificationsof the tool or equipment meet or exceedthe specifications of all applicable AMMprocedures, they are considered to beequivalent to the commercial tool or equip ment recommended in the AMM procedure.Do not use direct comparisons of com mercial tools and equipment specificationsas a method for determining equivalency.Although commercial tools and equipmentwith identical specifications would be con sidered equivalent, they are not requiredto have identical specifications to beequivalent. For example, it is often possiblefor two different digital multimeters madeby different vendors and having differentspecifications to satisfy the measurementor test requirements of a given AMMprocedure. In this case, both multimetersmeet the equivalency criterion for thespecific AMM procedure without beingidentical in their specifications, looks, anddimensions. The equivalent commercialtool or equipment specifications must onlysatisfy the measurement or test require ments in the AMM procedures. This ishow functional equivalency is establishedbetween the commercial tools and equip ment in question and those recommendedin the AMM procedures.In addition, commercial tools andequipment are not required to have thesame form (e.g., shape, appearance,weight, and dimensions) to be equivalent,nor must they be designed to specifically fitor interface with an airplane or its compo nents. They can use adapters to interfacewith various products.Some commercial tools and equipment,such as bonding meters, must be approvedexplosion proof and intrinsically safe to beoperated around fueled airplanes. Thisspecial requirement is specified along withthe equipment part numbers in the AMMequipment list section. Such specialrequirements are also highlighted in thevendor catalog of the commercial toolsand equipment. To establish equivalency,any such additional special requirementsmust be consistently applied to the poten tially equivalent tools and equipment, inaddition to comparing the tools andequipment specification with the AMMprocedure specifications.Equivalent commercial tools andequipment in the AMM are identified anddesignated with a single generic groupingreference number, beginning with the prefix“COM” followed by sequence numbers,such as COM-591 (see fig. 1).Establishing equivalency forspecial tools and equipmentSpecial tools and equipment are designedsolely to support specific airplane com ponent or system maintenance taskprocedure(s) as specified in AMMs andCMMs. They have little or no commercialuse except to support the specific productmaintenance for which they are designed.Normally, there is no equivalent commercialtool or equipment available to perform therelated specific maintenance functions.They are primarily designed by the OEMof the airplane or component on whichthey are used, not by third-party vendors.Examples include all Boeing-designedspecial tools and equipment used in BoeingAMMs and CMMs.Equivalency for special tools and equip ment is established by comparing thespecifications of the recommended andequivalent tools or equipment. This goesbeyond the functional equivalency criterionused for commercial tools and equipment.Potentially equivalent special tools andequip ment must be proved to be equivalentin form and fit (i.e., interface) as well as func tion to those recommended in the applicableAMM procedures. This may include equiv alency in accuracies, tolerances, safety(i.e., proof load), physical interface orappearance, and functional specifications.In order to use equivalent special toolsand equipment in place of those recom mended in the AMM, equivalency mustbe established by following the detailedguidance provided in the ARINC Report668, “Guidance for Tool and Test Equip ment (TTE) Equivalency.” This report isavailable from Aeronautical Radio, Inc.,2551 Riva Road Annapolis, MD 21401. Thisextremely detailed and extensive process isbeyond the scope of this article. However,the importance of using the guide for thispurpose cannot be overstated.a e r o q u a r t e r ly qtr 03 10
Figure 1: Example of commercial tools and equipment equivalencyIn this table, the three equivalent bonding meters are represented by a single Boeing internal reference (i.e., grouping) number of COM-1550. In additionto designating equivalency, the COM prefix also indicates that the tools and equipment involved are commercial. Operators may procure and use anyone of the three equivalent bonding meters in the specified AMM procedures. Any other potential equivalent bonding meters not listed in the AMM butavailable elsewhere can also be used instead of the three listed in this table. It is not possible to list all available equivalent bonding meters in the AMM.Only representative part numbers are listed to provide some sources for procurement. This approach can be applied to any equivalent commercial tools andequipment not listed in the AMM. Do not refer to the COM reference numbers, such as COM-1550 and COM-591, during procurement or technical questions.Instead, refer to the corresponding unique vendor part numbers of the tools and equipment as cross-referenced in the above table. COM numbers are onlyfor Boeing internal use and are not known by commercial tool and equipment vendors.ReferenceNumberCOM-591DescriptionPart NumbersSupplierCage CodeAirplane EffectivityMultimeter — digital,handheld (volt dc/ac,ampere, and resistancemeasurements or equivalent)18989536777‑ALLC15292 (MODEL T477W)01014777‑ALLM13AD1728787VFLUKE 117MODEL 27Opt: 187COM-1550Meter — bonding (approvedexplosion proof andintrinsically safe)M1BNote: Part numbers and grouping in this table are examples only. Refer to AMM for current and accurate part number and grouping information.Figure 2: Example of special tools and equipment equivalencyA single SPL reference number for different tool part numbers indicates that the related special tools are equivalent for the applicable specific airplane seriesAMM procedures. Special tools with the option (Opt) prefix in their part numbers are equivalent to the modified (new) versions of the old tool for use on thesame airplane model series as the old tool.ReferenceNumberSPL-1450DescriptionPart NumbersSupplierCage CodeAirplane EffectivityAdapter — Hoist,Air‑Conditioning PackJ21001-7981205777‑ALLJ21001-80Opt: J21001-72Opt: J21001-73SPL-1561Jack — HydraulicB6755436251Opt: W9372028047HW9372081205J20009-38Opt: J20009-78Note: Part numbers and grouping in this table are examples only. Refer to AMM for current and accurate part number and grouping information.WWW.boeing.com/c o m m e r c i a l / a e r o m a g a z i n e27
Boeing highly discourages substitutingthe special tools and equipment listed inthe AMM with other equivalent tools orequipment for several reasons. Proving andachieving equivalency requires resources,engineering, and quality certification effortsthat may exceed the price of the specialtool or equipment. Additionally, configurationupdates must be maintained on the equiv alent tool or equipment with respect to thefrequent revisions of the recommendedspecial tool and equipment design drawings.Regulators such as the FAA are very strictregarding deviations from the use of specialtools and equipment recommended in theAMM and may require documented proofof equivalency. After all of the time, money,and resources used to design or procurean equivalent special tool or equipment, itis possible that the local regulatory authoritymay not accept the equivalent tool or equip ment. Some local regulatory author itiescan be very restrictive and may not allowequivalency for special tools or equipment.All special tools and equipment in theAMM are identified and designated withgeneric grouping reference numbers, begin ning with the prefix “SPL” (for “special”)followed by sequence numbers, such asSPL-1450 (see fig. 2).Superseded and replaced toolsand equipmentBecause of confusion among some oper ators about the role of superseded andreplaced tools in Boeing special toolsand equipment equivalency, the followingexamples are provided to clarify themeaning of these terms.Superseded toolsIf a special tool (for example, part num ber J24002-56) is superseded by a toolwith a newer part number (J24002‑73),the original tool (J24002 56) is invalid foruse unless it is upgraded to the newdesign. A tool change bulletin is alwaysissued by Boeing to advise customersto stop using superseded tools untilthe tool has been upgraded with thelatest modifications. In this example,J24002 56 must either be sub stitutedby the superseding new tool, J24002‑73,or reworked to incorporate the design 28 modifications that resulted in the newJ24002-73 tool configuration, as shownin the latest design drawing of theJ24002 tool on the MyBoeingFleet.comWeb portal. Rework instructions aretypically provided in the design draw ings. In this particular case, the newdesign updated the J24002-56 tool toreflect airplane engineering changes.In general, superseded tool correctionsresolve potential personnel safety issuesand concerns about airplane or tooldamages or proper fit and function ofthe tool. For this reason, supersededtool correction modifications are manda tory. Superseded and superseding toolsare not considered to be equivalent.Replaced toolsIf the tool design modifications do notinvolve personnel or equipment safety,proper fit, or function, the unmodified(old) tool is considered replaced bythe modified (new) tool. However, thereplaced tool can still be used, as is,within its usage effectivity on the sameairplane series. For future procurement,only the new tool is recommended. Thenew tool modifications typically involveproduct improvement changes withoutaffecting the configuration of the toolfunction and interface for the sameairplane series usage as the old tool.For this reason, replaced tools areconsid ered equivalent and optional (or“Opt”) to the modified new tool withinthe usage effectivity of the same airplaneseries as the old tools. When the new tool adds new airplaneseries usage effectivity, the replaced oldtool cannot be used on the newly addedairplane series and, as a result, is notequivalent to the new tool for use onthe newly added airplane series. In thiscase, the new tool is considered back ward compatible for use on the old tool’sairplane model series. But the old tool isnot forward compatible for use on thenew airplane series added to the newtool. In this situation, the replaced toolis not equivalent to the new tool. Owners of Boeing special tools andequipment can rework their supersededand replaced tools into the configuration ofthe latest tool design drawings by simplycomparing and matching the old tool wiringand mechanical assemblies to the modifi ca tions shown in the latest tool designdrawings. Owners may have this reworkdone in-house, by a local vendor for thesole use of the operator, or by contactingthe original tool manufacturer. Special toolsand equipment modified and upgradedin this manner are considered the originaltool or equipment, instead of equivalenttool or equipment. In this case, the useof the ARINC Report 668 to demonstrateequiv alency is not required. However, ifan operator or maintenance and repairorganization alters tools or equipmentdesigned by Boeing without coordinatingwith Boeing, or if they replace them withother tools or equipment designed bydifferent manufacturers, they must establishand maintain equivalency by following theARINC Report 668 guide.Boeing does not manufacture specialtools and equipment for sale, lease, orloan or perform physical tool modifications.Manufacturers licensed by Boeing areresponsible for these tasks. Additionally,customer airlines are authorized by Boeingto fabricate special tools and equipmentin-house or by local manufacturers underthe condition that the tools and equipmentare exclusively used by the customerairlines for maintenance of Boeing airplanesdirectly purchased from Boeing or leasedthrough Boeing.SummaryBoeing and the FAA allow the use ofequivalent tools and equipment in AMMsand CMMs. For commercial tools orequipment, equivalency is determinedrelative to the airplane test or measurementresult specification stated in the respectiveAMM procedures. For special tools andequipment, establishing equivalency is amuch more detailed process that involvesensuring that the proposed tool or equip ment is equivalent to the recommendedtool or equipment in form, fit, and function.For more information, pleasecontact Giday Girmay at giday.a.girmay@boeing.com.a e r o q u a r t e r ly qtr 03 10
received by Boeing deal with commercial tools and equipment in Boeing amms, the same questions and resolutions can be applied to commercial tools and equipment in component maintenance manuals (cmms), Boeing fault isolation manuals, and the Boeing standard wiring practices manual. Standard tools are those not normally
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
