CANINE INFECTIOUS RESPIRAT ORY DISEASE (CIRD)

mitted animals - House newly admitted dogs separately to create a ‘clean break’. Eachteam member should only be allowed on one side of the clean break. All incoming dogs should be vaccinatedas early as possible and puppies should be vaccinated as young as possible. Booster vaccinations should beadministered after 2 weeks as appropriate. Ideally there should be a physical separation of 25 feet betweennewly admitted dogs and the rest of the population.5. Documentation and communication – A written CIRDC protocol should be prepared and updated asnecessary. The protocol should include information on housing and vaccination protocols, treatmentrecommendations, decontamination protocols etc., individualized to the facility and the animals it serves.CIRDC VACCINESCore CIRDC VaccinesAccording to the 2011 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines, CDV and CAV-2 vaccines (along with canineparvovirus) are core vaccines.4

Noncore CIRDC VaccinesThe CIRDC vaccines listed in the 2011 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines as noncore are Canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV) – Available in combination with core vaccines as part of a multivalentproduct Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) – Parenteral (inactivated) or intranasal/oral (live avirulent) vaccines Canine influenza virus – Parenteral inactivated vaccines against H3N8 and H3N2 Bb CPiV CAV-2 – Combination intranasal vaccineThe decision regarding which vaccines are core or non-core is for the individual practitioner to decide, based onher/his extensive local knowledge. Widespread vaccination provides herd immunity which protects the canine patientpopulation when exposure to CIRDC pathogens occurs.KEY MESSAGES1. CIRDC Etiology: CIRDC can be caused by a variety of viral or bacterial pathogens, acting alone or as coinfections.2. CIRDC Transmission: Infection is readily transmitted by direct contact between infected and susceptible dogs;aerosol and fomite transmission are also possible.3. Epidemiology – Canine Influenza Virus: In CIV infections, viral shedding can occur before clinical signscommence.4. Diagnosis - Canine Influenza Virus: Diagnosis of CIV can be made by PCR or virus isolation only in the earlystages of infection before viral shedding ceases; antibody testing is required after viral shedding stops.5. CIRDC Prevention: Vaccination works with the immune system to moderate infection and clinical disease. Setreasonable and educated expectations with dog owners.6. Preventing Transmission of Canine Influenza Virus: Widespread vaccination is the best strategy for mitigatingtransmission. Plan ahead so all dogs are fully vaccinated because outbreaks are unpredictable.SUGGESTED READINGChalker VJ, Brooks HW, Brownlie J. The association of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus with canine infectiousrespiratory disease. Vet Micro 2003;95:49–156.Chalker VJ, Owen WMA, Paterson C, et al. Mycoplasmas associated with canine infectious respiratory disease.Microbiology 2004;150:3491–3497.Crawford, C. 2016. Canine Respiratory Infections in Animal rsupdate.pdfDubovi E. Canine Influenza Virus - https://ahdc.vet.cornell.edu/news/civ.cfm - Accessed March 31, 2015.Dubovi EJ. Canine influenza. Vet Clin Small Anim 2010;40:1063-1071.Ellis JA. How well do vaccines for Bordetella bronchiseptica work in dogs? A critical review of the literature 1977-2014.Vet J 2015;204:5-16.Ellis JA, Haines DM, West KH, et al. Effect of vaccination on experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica indogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001;218:367-375.Ellis JA, Krakowka GS, Dayton AD, et al. Comparative efficacy of an injectable vaccine and an intranasal vaccine instimulating Bordetella bronchiseptica-reactive antibody responses in seropositive dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc.2002;220(1):43-48.Lappin et al., 2017. Antimicrobial use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats:Antimicrobial Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal InfectiousDiseases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 31(2):279-294.All trademarks are the property of Zoetis Services LLC or a related company or a licensor unless otherwisenoted. 2018 Zoetis Services LLC. All rights reserved. TI-040615

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CANINE INFLUENZA VIRUS (CIV): H3N8 and H3N2 . Canine influenza virus H3N8 originated as a mutated form of equine influenza virus. It was first identified in the USA over a decade ago, and is now widespread across the continental USA. A second strain of CIV (H3N2) was isolated from Chicago in early 2015.