THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC WARFARE DTIC
AD-A21 5 779THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC WARFAREON OPERATIONAL MANEUVERDTICELECT iA MonographbyMajor David M. RodriqttezInfantryDEC19 1989rc:BSchool of Advanced Military StudiesUnited States Army Command and General Staff CollegeFort Leavenworth, KansasTerm 88-89ISecond Approvedfor Public Release; Distribution Is Unlimited
UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICAThON OF TIS PAGEPGForm ApprovedREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGElaREPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION2SECURI -"YOMBIo.0704-0188lb RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS"SfIATION AUTHORIT '3DISTRiBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORTApproved for public release;2b DECLASSIFICATION /DOWNGRADINGSCHEDULEdistribution unlimited4 PERFORMING ORGANiZATiON REPORT NUMBER(S)S MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION7a. NAME OF MONITn-.,NSchool of Advanced MilitaryStudies, USACGSE6b. OFFICE SYMBOL(If applicable)I ATZL-SWV6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)Fort Leavenworth, Kansas66027-69008a. NAME OF FUNDING iSPONSORINGORGAN ZATIONBc.,ADDRESS (Cir,, eORGANIZATIONBb. OFFICE SYMBOL(If applicable)9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER,,O L .LOIe)10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRAMPROJECTTASKWORK UNITELEMENT NO.NONO.ACCESSION NO.11. TITLE (Include Security Classification)The Influence of Electronic Warfare on Operational Maneuver (U)12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)ml qinT nnlyidNf RndV-'6--'13a. TYPE OF REPORTIT(QA3b. TIME COVEREDMonographIFROM14. DATE OF REPOPT (Year, Month, Oay)IS. PAGE COUNT89/5/22TOI416. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION17COSATI CODESFIELD18 SUBJECT TEFkMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)SUB-GROUPGROUPElectronic warfare'73 Mideast WarTechnologyOperational maneuver'82 Mideast WarElectromaznefir spectm19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)The challenge of adapting to emerging technologies is difficult and important to futuresiccess on the battlefield.One area in which recent technological advancements haveinfluenced military operations is electric warfare.This study examines the influenceof electronir warfare on opcrational maneuver.The purpose is to determine howexploitationof electronic warfare capabilities support operational maneuver by groundforces to attain operational effects.The monograph begins with an overview of operational maneuver and the link betweenoperational maneuver and electronic warfare.Next, a review of current electronicwarfare doctrine illustrates how we are integrating new electronic warfare technology.The '73 and '82 Mideast Wars are recent historical experiences analyzcd to show theimpact of electronic warfare on operational maneuver.These experiences indicateelectronic warfare significantly enhances the ability to execute operation al maneuver.In conclusion, the study offers three important points (continued on reverse side)20DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY(OUNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED22aOF ABSTRACTI- SAMENAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUALMajor David M. Rodriguez-.,P.'EU6AS RPT[21 ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONr rTIC USERSIUNCLASST.FIED22b TELEPHONE (Include Area Code)(913) 684-2138P,-.,ous eititonsare obsolete,,CURITYi22c OFFICE SYMBOLi ATZL-SWVCLASSIFICATION OF THIS eutu"",UNCLASSIFIED
Item 19 Continued.for consideration during development of future operational concepts.Firvs ,thebattle for control of the electromagnetic spectrum must be won to effectivelyconduct operational maneuver.Second, military doctrine must keep pace withimproving technologies. Third, near real-tive intelligence provided by electrcnicwarfare assets drastically increases the speed of the commander's decision cycle.
THEINFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC WARFAREON OPERATIONAL MANEUVERbyMajor DavidU.S.M. RodriguezArmySchool of Advanced Military StudiesU.S. Army Command and General Staff CollegeFort Leavenworth, Kansas22 itd:
SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIESMONOGRAPH APPROVALName of Student:David M. Rodriguez, MAJ, InfantryElectronic Warfare - The Gap In CreationTitle of Monograph:of an Operational Maneuver ForceApproved by: LTC William H. Jane.,x/Monograph DirectorIs Director,School ofAdvanced MilitaryStudiesCOL L. D. Holder, MADi rector, GraduateDegree ProgramPhilip J. Brookes, Ph.D.Accepted this/ day of/:1989
ABSTRACTTHE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC WARFARE ON OPERATIONALMANEUVER, by Major David M. Rodriguez, USA, 44 pages.The challenge of adapting to emerging technologies isdifficult and important to future success on thebattlefield.One area in which recent technologicaladvancements have influenced military operations iselectronic warfare.This study examines the influence ofelectronic warfare on operational maneuver.The purpose isto determine how exploitation of electronic warfarecapabilities support operational maneuver by ground forcesto attain operational effects.The monograph begins with an overview of operationalmaneuver and the link between operational maneuver andelectronic warfare.Next, a review of current electronicwarfare dcctrine illustrates how we are integrating newelectronic warfare technology.The '7Z and '82 MideastWars are recent historical experiences analyzed to show theimpact of electronic warfare on operational maneuver.These experiences indicate electronic warfare significantlyenhances the ability to execute operational maneuver.In conclusion, the study offers three important pointsfor consideration during development of future operationalconcepts.First, the battle for control of theelectromagnetic spectrum must be won to effectively conductoperational maneuver.Second, military doctrine must keeppace with improving technologies.Third, near real-timeintelligence provided by electronic warfare assetsdrastically increases the speed ,f the commander's decisioncyc 1 e.Accssilon For-NTIS. cGFA-&IDTIC TAIU11w9111ouncedj u:,ttitostionlYDIttrhbutioflfAveil ctud/orDlipoa
Table ofContentspageI.Introduction . 1II.Methodology . 2The Theory of OperationalIII.Maneuver and itsRelationship to Current Doctrine .Electronic Warfare Doctrine . 7IV.V.Lessons from theVI.VII.VIII.1973 Mideast War . iiLessons from the 1982 Mideast War . 21Conclusions . 1Implications . 76ENDNOTES . 7BBIBLIOGRAPHY . 42
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support tothe firepowerimportance on ingmodern battlefieldand willincontinue tofut,'re.1isanother dynamictn operationalmaneuver.ofcombatFMpowerthatis100-5 explains:They (operational commanders) protectthe force from operational levelmaneuver and concentrated air support.Air superiority operations, theater wideair defense systems and protection ofair bases are important activitiesassociated with maximizingcombat power.1 6Electronicareas.warfare isTheincreasingdefense rolescontrolofa major playerthe electromagneticsystems makewhoforframeworkIV.inforsupport ofPM100-5clearlyThe rapidlyofimportantoperat onalofthe maneuvertechnology anorole electronicmaneuver willbe thethe paper.DOCTRINE.specifies the purposewarfare:. electronic wartare uses theelectronic spectrum to deceive the7airelectronic warfareprotectionThethe remainderELECTRONIC WARFAREspectrum.inbattle forpossesses the latestcan effectively employ it.thesebased missilescapabilities ofthis battlequestion ofwarfare hasgroundeach ofis becoming a technologicalchanging technologicalforce arole ofinofelectronic
enemy, locate his units and facilities,intercept his communications, anddisrupts his command, control, andtarget acquisition systems at critical7moments.1FM100-6 goes somewhatfurther byelectromagnetic spectrum,military action tohostile use ofThe stafrwarfareestablishing".electronicdetermine, exploit,the electromagneticwarfarespectrum. "11ofto the operations officercommunications officer.FMisreduce, or preventresponsibility for the conductis assignedtheelectronicand the100-5 declares:The G-3 or S-3 has the overallresponsibility for electronic warfare,but focuses his primary effort onoffensive electronic warfare.The G-2or S-2 develops targets forinterception jamming or destruction.The communications electronics officermanages defensive electronicwarfare. "This methodologydivides responsibility betweenand defensive missions amongElectronicconceptofwarfare directlythe operation.warfare assetsshould behis conceptoperation.ofdifferent staffFMsupports thesections.commander's100-5 states electronicintegratedFMby the commander100-5 emphasizes:. commanders should treat electronicwarfare assets much as he treatsartillery assets.Electronic warfareconducted concurrently at both theoperational and tactical levels, and8offensiveisinto
these efforts must be synchronized witheach other and with other activitiesmaneuver, fire, and air support toobtain maximum benefit. 2 0Thus ourdoctrine places a heavy emphasis onwarfare as one ofthe elements ofThe defensive applicationofcombat power.electronicwarfareincludes electronic counter-countermeasureselectronic warfare countermeasuresmeasures to protecttransmit(ECM).command, control,(C3) systems againstintelligence systemsjammingorjam(ECCM) andECCM are passiveand communicationsenemy activities.through enemyelectronicECM can be usedtoenemy signalto screen and preventenemyintercept. 2The offensive components ofelectronic ion,combat forces.provides information foris a nonlethal"Carefulwith visual,sonic,the tronicand olfactory actionsa deceptionofthe enemy'simportant playerintegrationprojection(MED) orattackemploymentand communication systems.Electronic warfare is anactivities:warfare are(ESM) and active electronictargeting and tacticalECMcommand, control,ESMelectronicin deceptiondeceptionis criticaltostory."22uses either manipulative electronicimitative electronic9deception.MEDis
the passingenemyofsignalfalse dataamongfriendly forces tointelligence capabilities.electronic deceptionisthedeceiveImitativeimitation ofthe enemy'sownelectromagnetic radiation to deceive or confuse them. 2 4Electronic warfare possesses the capability totremendous uncertainty in the OPFOR's mind.theorist,Generalir'yanproposeselectronic reconnaissance, whichseewhat happens" mentality.whathappens,achieved.toomajorBythe timelate to reactwhenactualmassed andcontacteffectively.Thereliance onin a"wait andwaits to seesurpriseoccurs, itwilluncertainty thatblindedThe reliability and trustthus becomes aresultWhile the enemyelectronic reconnaissance isindeed.A Soviet"blinding" the enemy'swillforces can becreateinisbeoccursvery greatelectronic systemstechnology that can be verycostly. 2UDue to theresources anddistinctive mission,training problems, anelectronic warfare employmentFM100-5 puts electronicperspective:ofintegratedis difficult towarfare concepts".plans shouldreflectelectronic warfare weapons, theirtransient nature ofnature ofanscarce equipmenttheireffects mayintegratedconcept.orbe10in the currentthe relative scarcityand theThis transienttrue when consideredThe transientinto permanent effects when combinedimplement.limitations,2effects. 'a&may notconcept foreffects canbewith maneuver,inturned
firepower,protection,andelectromagnetic spectrumarelike anyassimilatingis a newchanges;itofart ofittheThe servicescomes toso the changes come slowly.resources makethe difficultControlmission.large organization whenscarce equipmentlearnintelligence.difficultTheto trainandcoordinating the effects ofelectronic warfare systems.The discussion ofoperationalhave onrecentmaneuverfuture employmentoperationalV.war.The defeatSinaibyIsraeltoDuringto find aneffects electronicillustrated.Nowlet usofwarfare canturn to twoexamples that providekey lessons forofinTHEThe origins ofprepareddevelopmentelectronicwarfaresupport ofmaneuver.LESSONS FROMforce.and theit have beenhistoricalthe theoreticalof1973 MIDEASTthe1973EgyptWAR.war can be tracedandto thesubsequent occupationwere unacceptable to the Egyptians.regain thelost territory as soonthe time betweenanswer to thethe'67 andsuperiority ofContrastingly, theIsraelis believedtheEgyptEgypt hadIsraelithat:Having learned the lessons of the 1967war, the Egyptians would not embark upona new war until they felt capable ofstriking at Israeli airfields andneutralizing the Israeli air force." 2 '11ofas possible.'77 wars,the1967air
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warfare doctrine illustrates how we are integrating new electronic warfare technology. The '73 and '82 Mideast Wars are recent historical experiences analyzcd to show the impact of electronic warfare on operational maneuver. These experiences indicate electronic warfare significantly enhances the ability to execute operation al maneuver.
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electronic warfare operations on friendly elec- tronic systems. (4) Electronic warfare considerations for de- ception planning. (5) Generalized data concerning friendly and enemy electronic warfare capabilities. (6) Command and staff responsibilities for control, planning, coordination, and execution of electronic warfare operations. 1-3.
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