Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster Wonkey Donkey Learning .
Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster1Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
HydrocarbonsReadYou already know that a hydrocarbon is a compound that onlycontains hydrogen and carbon.EthanolPropaneThere are two families of hydrocarbons we will learn about: Alkanes AlkenesWrite a heading and try the following work.1. Look at ethanol and propane. Which one is and which one isnot a hydrocarbon? Explain your answer.2. Collect a model kit, build a hydrocarbon which contains 5carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms.a) draw and colour in the model you built.b) write the formula for your model.c) compare your molecule with some other people in theclass. Are all of the molecules exactly the same? If notwhat is different?3. What are the names of the two families of hydrocarbons?Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster2Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
AlkanesReadYou already know that crude oil is a mixture of differenthydrocarbons. Alkanes are the main hydrocarbons in crude oil.Many alkanes are used for fuels. Theremay be a display of alkanes for you tolook at.Natural gas is mainly an alkane calledmethane. Methane is the alkane usedfor cooking and central heating.Propane and butane are usedfor bottled camping gas.Octane is an alkane in petrol.Duodecane is an alkane thatcan be found in kerosine.Once the alkanes from crude oil have been separated, we can doother reactions to make other carbon compounds. The alkenefamily is made from alkanes by using the cracking reaction.Alkenes can then be used to make plastics. So alkanes are notjust useful as fuels but as the material that many otherproducts are made from.Write a heading and try the work below.1. What family of hydrocarbons is present in crude oil?2. What is the name of the main alkane in natural gas?3. Draw a table to show the names of some alkanes and theiruses.4. What do the names of alkanes have in common?Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster3Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
5. What process is useda) to separate the crude oil into fractions (revision) .b) to produce alkenes from alkanes.6. The chemicals from oil are extremely important as energysources (fuels). Give another reason why oil is such animportant raw material.Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster4Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
Alkane moleculesWhat’s in common, what’s different?ReadYou already know that oil contains molecules calledhydrocarbons from the alkane family. The way that we namehydrocarbons depends on the number of carbon atoms in eachmolecule.Read the following clues– a methane molecule has one carbon atom and four hydrogenatoms.– an ethane molecule has two carbon atoms and six hydrogenatoms.– a propane molecule has three carbon atoms and eighthydrogen atoms.Write a heading and try the following work.1.Look at the names for the alkanes. What do the nameshavea) in common?b) that’s different?2. Collect a model kit and build methane (use the greybonds). Draw the methane molecule. Now do the samefor ethane and propane.3. Compare the molecules you have drawn. What do theyhavea) in common?b) that’s different?Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster5Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
4.Butane is the next alkane in the family. How manycarbon atoms and how many hydrogen atoms do you thinkbutane will have?Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster6Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
5.Copy and complete the tableName of ne is an alkane.a) How many carbon atoms and how many hydrogen atomsdo you think octane will have?b) Explain how you worked out your answer to theprevious question.Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster7Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
Naming alkanes with 1 to 8 carbon atomsThe beginningReadAlkanes are hydrocarbons. If we were to name them with therules we already know then they would all be called:carbon hydrideBut alkanes have different numbers of carbon atoms andhydrogen atoms, so some are larger than others. This affectsthe properties. They are different so we cannot call them allcarbon hydride!Chemists have designed a set of rules for naming hydrocarbonsthat depends on the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.Methane is alkanewith one carbon atomin each molecule.Propane is an alkanewith 3 carbon atoms ineach molecule.The beginning the alkane tells us the number of carbon atoms.Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster8Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
Beginning meth ethC atoms12prop3but4pent5hex6hept7oct8Write a heading and try the following work.1. Why are alkanes hydrocarbons?2. What does meth mean about a methane molecule?3. What does prop mean about a propane molecule?4. Copy the table that shows the meanings for meth up to oct.5. Colour or highlight the table to make it stand out in yourjotter.Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster9Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
Naming alkanes with 1 to 8 carbon atomsThe endingReadThe end of the name tells about the bonds between the carbonatoms, for example “ane” at the end of a hydrocarbon namemeans that the molecule is an alkane and only has single bondsbetween carbons.Ethane means 2 carbon atoms (eth) and single bonds betweencarbon atoms (ane).Single bondbetweencarbons.Propane means 3 carbonatoms (prop) and singlebonds (ane).ReadThere are different ways to draw hydrocarbon molecules. Real shape formula Full structural formula Molecular formulaCopyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster10Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
HHHHCCCHHHHA full structural formula – shows all of theatoms and all of the bonds but not the realshape.A molecular formula is the simplest type offormula.C3H8Write a heading and try the following work.1.What does the name pentane tell us about a pentanemolecule?2. What are the three types of formula called?3. Copy the full structure formula of propane and beside itwrite the molecular formula.4. Explain the difference between a full structural formulaand a molecular formula?5. Collect a copy of the alkanes, names and structures tableand complete it before you stick it into your jotter.6. Devise a way to colour/shade/highlight your table to showwhich alkane is:Most flammable and which is least flammable.Highest boiling point, lowest boiling point.Most viscous, least viscous.Easy to evaporate, harder to evaporate.Use a key/code for your highlighting/colours.7. How did you work out which alkanes you highlighted?Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster11Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
8.(challenge). Look at the molecular formula for the alkanesin your table.a) What is the pattern for hydrogen atoms as we go up onecarbon at a time from 1 to 8?b) Try to work out how many hydrogen atoms an alkane with12 carbon atoms has.c) Try to work out how many hydrogen atoms an alkane with20 carbon atoms has.d) Try to work out how many hydrogen atoms an alkane with50 carbon atoms has.e) Try to work out how many hydrogen atoms an alkane with103 carbon atoms has.f) Explain how you worked out your answer to the previousquestions.ReadWe can show the rule about carbon atoms and hydrogen atomsin alkanes in a mathematical way.CnH2n 2This is called a general formula because it fits all alkanes. o on the leftand two on the right so the chlorine atoms are balanced.Since all the atoms are balanced, the whole equation isbalanced.Look at the next exampleNa O2Na2OIf we count the sodium atoms, we can see that there is one onthe left but two atoms on the right.Next we look at the oxygen atoms – there are two on the leftbut only one on the right so equation is not balanced.Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster26Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
Write a heading and try the following work.For each question copy the equation before you answer thequestions.1. Look at the equation below.K S2K2Sa)b)c)d)e)How many potassium atoms are on the left?How many potassium atoms are on the right?How many sulphur atoms are on the left?How many sulphur atoms are on the right?Is this equation balanced?2. Look at the equation below.Mg Cl2a)b)c)d)e)MgCl2How many magnesium atoms are on the left?How many magnesium atoms are on the right?How many chlorine atoms are on the left?How many chlorine atoms are on the right?Is this equation balanced?3. Look at the equation below.Ca HCla)b)c)d)e)HowHowHowHowHowCaCl2 H2many calcium atoms are on the left?many calcium atoms are on the right?many hydrogen atoms are on the left?many hydrogen atoms are on the right?many chlorine atoms are on the left?Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster27Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
f) How many chlorine atoms are on the right?g) Is this equation balanced?4. Write out the equations below and beside each one write“balanced” or “not balanced”a) Li HClLiCl H2b) C O2CO2c) CH4 O2CO2 H2Od) Mg H2SO4MgSO4 H2e) CaCO3 H2SO4CaSO4 CO2 H2O5. For the answers to the previous question that were notbalanced explain why each was not balanced.Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster28Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
Balancing Cracking equationsReadWhen large molecules are cracked into smaller ones, the totalnumber of atoms made has to be the same as the number ofatoms started with.C6H14C4H10 C2H4We can see that there are 6 carbon atoms before the arrowand 4 2 6 carbons after the arrow. We can also see that thereare 14 hydrogen atoms before the arrow and 10 4 14 hydrogenafter the arrow. This makes sense as atoms cannot disappearbut they have been rearranged into new substances.Write a heading and choose at least 5 of the following 12cracking equations to copy and complete.1. C12H26C4H10 2. C6H14C2H4 3. C11H24C10H20 4. C16H34 C8H165. C8H18 C3H66.CH4 C4H87.C5H12 C6H12Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster29Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
8.C4H8 C3H6 C3H89.C10H22 C2H4 C4H810. C8H18C3H8 C3H6 11. C12H26C6H12 C3H812. C20H42C6H14 C4H8Public domain copyright free images from the collection athttp://www.wpclipart.com/index.htmlCopyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster30Wonkey Donkey LearningSMART Images used with permission of SMART Technologies ULC (www.smarttech.com)
Copyright 2013 Lorna C. Webster Wonkey Donkey Learning SMART Images used with
cuckoo - s2 ep 6: 'neighbourhood watch' shooting script (21.03.14) 1. 2 int. thompson house, front door. night 22 (0204 tues/weds) 2 ken, in his boxer shorts, listens at the front door. lorna is close behind, holding a frying pan. lorna i definitely heard a noise. .
4/2 INT. THOMPSON FAMILY HOME, KITCHEN. DAY 13 4/2 Ken and Lorna are sat opposite each other. Lorna has a piece . Rachel and Lorna watch Cuckoo walk away disconsolately. RACHEL Mum - I know this might sound hopelessly paranoid - but sometimes I worry
London: Chambers Harrap. Merriam-Webster’s ollegiate Dictionary. (112003). Edited by Frederick C. Mish. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. (1990). Edited by Philip Babcock Gove and the Merriam Webster
sam.jones@webster.edu I 314-246-6982 Objective: dedicated, organized and self-directed first-year student seeking a Federal Work-Study position at Webster University, St. Louis. Webster University, St. L
measures and 91 items to a single, 12‐item scale (the “Dirty Dozen”; Jonason & Webster, 2010; Webster & Jonason,2013;butalsoseeMilleretal.,2012).Thereare even single‐item measures of self‐esteem (Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001) and need to belong (Nichols & Webster, 2013) that are valid measures of their respective 10‐item scales.
Webster Financial (WBS) is a mid-sized regional bank holding an undiscovered multi-billion-dollar asset. On the surface, Webster is just another depository, albeit one with leading market share in Connecticut and surrounding
Webster, Sterling, and certain of their respective directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from the stockholders of Webster and Sterling in connection
America’s Problem-Solving Courts: The Criminal Costs of Treatment and the Case for Reform CYNTHIA HUJAR ORR President, NACDL San Antonio, TX JOHN WESLEY HALL Immediate Past President, NACDL Little Rock, AR NORMAN L. R EIMER Executive Director, NACDL Washington, DC EDWARD A. M ALLETT President, FCJ Houston, TX KYLE O’D OWD Associate Executive Director For Policy, NACDL Washington, DC .
