2016 Organic Production And IPM Guide For Grapes
2016Organic Production and IPM Guide forGrapesNYS IPM Publication No. 224Integrated Pest ManagementNew York StateDepartment ofAgriculture & Markets
2016 ORGANIC Production and IPM Guide forGrapesCoordinating EditorsTim Weigle* (New York State IPM Program)Juliet Carroll (New York State IPM Program)Contributors and ResourcesAndrew Landers (Cornell University, Department of Entomology)Andy Muza (Penn State Cooperative Extension, Lake Erie Regional Grape Program)Terry Bates (Cornell University, Section of Horticulture)Peter Cousins (USDA ARS, Cornell University)Paul Curtis (Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources)Michael Helms* (Cornell University, Pesticide Management Education Program)Greg Loeb* (Cornell University, Department of Entomology)Bryan Hed (The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant Pathology)Tim Martinson (Cornell Cooperative Extension, Viticulture)Bruce Reisch (Cornell University, Section of Horticulture)Andrew Senesac (Cornell Cooperative Extension, Suffolk County)Jody Timer (The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology)Justine Vanden Heuvel (Cornell University, Section of Horticulture)Hans Walter Peterson (Cornell Cooperative Extension, Finger Lakes Grape Program)Wayne Wilcox* (Cornell University, Section of Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology)Alice Wise (Cornell Cooperative Extension, Suffolk County)*Pesticide Information and Regulatory ComplianceStaff WritersMary Kirkwyland and Elizabeth Graeper Thomas (New York State IPM Program)Elizabeth Schiedel (New York State IPM Program)Special AppreciationFormat based on the New York and Pennsylvania Pest Management Guidelines for Grapes https://ipmguidelines.org/,coordinating editors Tim Weigle and Andy Muza; and on the Production Guide for Organic Cole Crops, coordinating editor AbbySeaman.Funded in part by the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets.The guidelines in this bulletin reflect the current authors’ best effort to interpret a complex body of scientific research, and to translate this into practical management options.Follow ing the guidance provided in this bulletin does not assure compliance with any applicable law, rule, regulation or standard, or the achievement of particular discharge levelsfrom agricultural land.Every effort has been made to provide correct, complete, and up-to-date pest management information for New York State at the time this publication was released for printing(June 2016. Changes in pesticide registrations, regulations, and guidelines occurring after publication are available in county Cornell Cooperative Extension offices or from thePesticide Management Education Program web site (pmep.cce.cornell.edu/ ). Trade names used herein are for convenience only. No endorsement of products in intended, nor iscriticism of unnamed products implied.This guide is not a substitute for pesticide labeling. Always read the product label before applying any pesticide.Updates and additional information for this guide are available at www.nysipm.cornell.edu/organic guide/. Please submit comments or suggested changes for these guides toorganicguides@gmail.com.This guide is published by the New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, w hich is funded through Cornell University, Cornell Cooperative Extension, theNew York State Department of Agriculture and Markets, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and USDA-NIFA. Cornell CooperativeExtension provides equal program and employment opportunities. NYS IPM Publication number 226, June 2016. http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/organic guide/.How to cite this publication: Weigle, T. and Carroll, J., eds. (2016). Organic Production and IPM Guide forGrapes. New York State Integrated Pest Management Program. Ithaca, NY. 74 pages.12016
Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION . 31. GENERAL ORGANIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES . 31.1 Organic Certification . 31.2 Organic System Plan. 32. SOIL HEALTH . 43. COVER CROPS. 43.1 Goals and Timing for Cover Crops. 43.2 Legumes . 63.3 Non-legumes. 63.4 Mulching . 64. SITE SELECTION . 64.1 Organic Certification Site Requirements . 74.2 Soil and Air Drainage and Soil Depth . 74.3 Soil Testing. 75. VARIETY SELECTION . 86. VINEYARD NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT . 96.1 Fertility—Vine Size, Vigor, and Demand. 96.2 Managing Fertility .106.3 Preparing an Organic Nitrogen Budget.116.4 Organic Fertilizers.136.5 Rootstocks.147. ORGANIC VINEYARD IPM.147.1 Developing a Vineyard IPM Strategy .147.2 Pesticides Registered for use in Organic Grape Production.157.3 Pesticide Regulatory Considerations .157.4 Optimizing Pesticide Effectiveness .167.5 Disease Management .167.6 Diseases of Primary Concern .197.7 Other Diseases of Note.357.8 Insect and Mite Management .407.9 Insects and Mites of Primary Concern .417.10 Minor and Sporadic Insect Pests .507.11 Weed Management .627.12 Wildlife Management .647.13 Harvest & Nuisance Pests .658. FOOD SAFETY .659. SPRAYER TECHNOLOGY .679.1 Spraying Small, Organic Vineyards:.679.2 Selecting a Small Sprayer for the Small, Organic Vineyard .6810. PESTICIDES MENTIONED IN THIS PUBLICATION.7011. REFERENCES AND RESOURCES .7322016
INTRODUCTIONThis guide for organic grape production is an outline of cultural and pest management practices and includes topics that have animpact on improving plant health and reducing pest problems. The guide is divided into sections, but the interrelated quality oforganic cropping systems makes each section relevant to the others.More research on growing perennial crops organically is needed, especially in the area of pest management. This guide attemptsto compile the most current information available, but acknowledges that effective means of organic control are not available formany pests. Future revisions to this guide will incorporate new information providing organic growers with a complete set ofuseful practices to help them achieve success.This guide uses the term Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which like organic production, emphasizes cultural, biological, andmechanical practices to minimize pest outbreaks. With limited pest control products available for use in many organicproduction systems, an integrated approach to pest management is essential. IPM techniques such as identifying and assessingpest populations, keeping accurate pest history records, selecting the proper site, and preventing pest outbreaks through use ofcrop rotation, resistant varieties and biological controls are important to producing a high quality crop.1. GENERAL ORGANIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES1.1 Organic CertificationWho needs to be certified?Operations or portions of operations that produce or handle agricultural products that are intended to be sold, labeled, orrepresented as "100 percent organic," "organic," or "made with organic ingredients" or food group(s). Wines and juices sold asorganic have a separate certification process than the crop; when used as an organic ingredient, the processing steps have notbeen certified.Farming operations that gross more than 5,000 per year in organic products and want to use the organic label must be certifiedby a USDA National Organic Program (NOP) accredited certifying agency. The choice of certifier may be dictated by theprocessor or by the target market. A list of accredited certifiers operating in New York can be found on the New York StateDepartment of Agriculture and Markets Organic Farming Development/Assistance web page. See more certification details inthis guide under Section 3.1, Organic Certification Site Requirements.Who does NOT need to be certified?Producers and handling (processing) operations that sell less than 5,000 a year in organic agricultural products do not need to becertified. Although exempt from certification, these producers and handlers must abide by the national standards for organicproducts and may label their products as organic. Handlers, including final retailers, that: do not process or repackage products;only handle products with less than 70 percent organic ingredients; process or prepare, on the premises of the establishment, rawand ready-to-eat food labeled organic; choose to use the word organic only on the information panel; and handle products thatare packaged or otherwise enclosed in a container prior to being received by the operation and remain in the same package.More information can be found at the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service’s National Organic Program (NOP) website.1.2 Organic System PlanAn organic system plan (OSP) is central to the certification process. The OSP describes production, handling, and recordkeeping systems, and demonstrates to certifiers an understanding of organic practices for a specific crop. The process ofdeveloping the plan can be very valuable in terms of anticipating potential issues and challenges, and fosters thinking of the farmas a whole system. Soil, nutrient, pest, and weed management are all interrelated on organic farms and must be managed inconcert for success. Certifying organizations may be able to provide a template for the farm plan. The following description ofthe organic system plan is from the USDA National Organic Program Handbook:“ A plan of management of an organic production or handling operation that has been agreed to by the producer orhandler and the certifying agent and that includes written plans concerning all aspects of agricultural production orhandling described in the Organic Food Production Act of 1990 and the regulations in Subpart C, Organic Production andHandling Requirements.”The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service, (formerly ATTRA), has produced a Guide for Organic CropProducers that includes a chapter on writing the organic system plan. The Rodale Institute has also developed resources fortransitioning to organic and developing an organic system plan.32016
It is important to note that the USDA National Organic Program requires that applicants for certification must keep accuratepost-certification records for 5 years concerning the production, harvesting, and handling of agricultural products that are to besold as organic. These records must document that the operation is in compliance with the regulations and verify the informationprovided to the certifying agent. Access to these records must be provided to authorized representatives of USDA, including thecertifying agent.An excellent companion resource available for growers looking into developing a farm plan is the VineBalance, New York State’sSustainable Viticulture Program, the VineBalance Grower Self-Assessment Workbook and VineBalance newsletter series.2. SOIL HEALTHHealthy soil is the basis of organic farming. Regular additions of organic matter in the form of cover crops, compost, or manurecreate a soil that is biologically active, with good structure and capacity to hold nutrients and water (any raw manure applicationsshould occur at least 120 days before harvest). Decomposing plant materials will support a diverse pool of microbes, includingthose that break down organic matter into plant-available nutrients as well as others that compete with plant pathogens in the soiland on the root surface. The practice of crop rotation to promote a healthy soil should be done in the one or two years prior tovineyard establishment or is limited to row middles in a perennial crop such as grapes. Organic growers must attend to theconnection between soil, nutrients, pests, and weeds to succeed. An excellent resource for additional information on soils andsoil health is Building Soils for Better Crops, 3rd edition, by Fred Magdoff and Harold Van Es, 2010, available from SARE,Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education, www.sare.org/publications/soils.htm. For more information, refer to Cornell’sComprehensive Assessment of Soil Health website.3. COVER CROPSCover crops are grown for their valuable effect on soil properties, such as organic matter, and, in grapes, on their ability toprovide nutrients to the vine, control weeds between the rows, prevent erosion on vineyard slopes and to assist in themanipulation of soil moisture. They can also improve water infiltration into the soil, maintain populations of beneficial fungi, andmay help control insects, diseases and nematodes. To be effective, cover crops should be treated as any other valuable crop onthe farm, with their cultural requirements carefully considered including susceptibility, tolerance, or antagonism to root pathogensand other pests; life cycle; and mowing/incorporation methods. See Table 3.1.1 for more information on specific nonleguminous cover crops.A certified organic farmer is required to plant certified organic cover crop seed. If, after contacting at least three suppliers, organicseed is not available, then the certifier may allow conventional seed to be used. Suppliers should provide a purity test for covercrop seed. Always inspect the seed for contamination with weed seeds and return if it is not clean. Cover crop seed is acommon route for introduction of new weed species onto farms.3.1 Goals and Timing for Cover CropsCover crops play an important role in a vineyard, especially during the years prior to planting through improvement of soilorganic matter, breaking up of compaction layers, erosion control and suppression or elimination of weeds. Cover crops can alsobe used to manage vine vigor in established vineyards. Goals should be established for choosing a cover crop; for example, thecrop can add nitrogen, smother weeds, or increase equipment mobility. The cover crop might best achieve some of these goals ifit is in place for an entire growing season prior to vineyard establishment.Cover crops planted in late summer will suppress annual weed growth, improve soil texture, provide organic matter, and mayincrease soil nitrogen. The cover crop can be incorporated in late fall or in the spring before planting. Certain cover crops(marigold, sudangrass) will either suppress or resist nematode populations. These should be considered where fumigation is notan option. See Tables 3.1.1 and 3.1.2. In addition to producing large amounts of biomass that out-
This guide uses the term Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which like organic production, emphasizes cultural, biological, and mechanical practices to minimize pest outbreaks. With limited pest control products available for use in many organic production systems, an integrated approach to pest management is essential.
REF: Hypertherm Operator Manual 809240 Revision 1 POWERMAX 65 MATERIAL THICKNESS MAXIMUM CUTTING SPEED 10 GA MS 224 IPM 1/4” MS 116 IPM 3/8” MS 62 IPM 1/2” MS 40 IPM 5/8” MS 26 IPM . REF: Hypertherm Operator Manual 806650 Revision 3 . 5 REV 19‐JUL‐2018 POWERMAX 85 MATERIAL THICKNESS MAXIMUM CUTTING SPEED 10 GA MS 336 IPM
YCM 2 MV106A MXP200i November 2006 AXES SPECIFICATIONS Travel Positioning Repeatability Rapid Rate / Cutting Feed X Axis 40.0” 0.00016” 0.00008” 945 ipm / 394 ipm Y Axis 23.6” 0.00016” 0.00008” 945 ipm / 394 ipm Z Axis 23.6” 0.00016” 0.00008” 590 ipm / 394 ipm GENERAL
IPM Field School. The IPM Wheat Science Group and the IPM Corn/Soybean Working Group Annual meeting, which streamlines the before mentioned IPM educational programs, is scheduled for August 8 -9, 2016 in Bardstown, KY. Dr. Raul Villanueva, new Extension Entomologist, will be joining the field schools. Records on invasion, location and intensity of
IPM Coordinator Training Module 1: Introduction to IPM 3/8/2021 22 IPM Coordinator is Responsible for Implementing your Schools' IPM Policy Coordinate pest monitoring, management, and record-keeping. Approve pesticide applications (based on informed decisions). Document that all notification and record-keeping requirements are met.
IPM program. This past year has brought about some pest challenges and many opportunities for IPM. Extension activities implemented in 2016 focused on (1) invasive and emerging pests, (2) closing the knowl-edge gap between IPM and organic agriculture, (3) demonstrating the benefits of ecologically-based IPM,
This guide uses the term Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which like organic production, emphasizes cultural, biological, and mechanical practices to minimize pest outbreaks. With limited pest control products available for use in many organic production systems, an integrated approach to pest management is essential.
In 2016, IPM Institute and Whole Foods Market began work on updating Responsibly Grown to . IPM Institute trained auditors from California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF) and NSF International, and site audits were piloted in 2016. . interested in sustainable crop production. The standard will work as an audit addendum to
tulang dan untuk menilai efektivitas hasil pengobatan. Hasil pemeriksaan osteocalcin cukup akurat dan stabil dalam menilai proses pembentukan tulang. Metode pemeriksaan osteocalcin adalah enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nilai normalnya adalah: 10,1 9,4 ng/ml.8 Setelah disintesis, OC dilepaskan ke sirkulasi dan memiliki waktu paruh pendek hanya 5 menit setelah itu dibersihkan oleh .
