H.A.R.S. Journal - H.A.R.S. Hereford Amateur Radio Society
H.A.R.S. JournalJournal of the Hereford Amateur Radio SocietyIssue No 12 February 2018Chairman: Derek Gillett G3WAG Treasurer: Rodney Archard M0JLA Secretary: Duncan James M0OTGCommittee: Nigel Hancocks G4XTF; Dave Porter G4OYX; Bob Bowden G3IXZ; Matt Porter G8XYJ Contest Captain;Richard Langford G4FAD; Mike Bush G3LZM; Tim Bridgland-Taylor G0JWJ; Geoff Wilkerson G8BPNEditorialCurry NightAnother transmission mode. Dan, KB6NUdiscusses FT8, the new HF/6m digital mode.Have you wondered how exceptional we radioamateurs really are? Read a report by Dr.Hans D. Crofthill, Dr. Ginger Patrick, Dr. TeraLinn on the psychology of amateur radio andcontesting .EdThe first Friday in January has always beenthe “Curry Night” and this year membersturned out in force numbering some 40 ladiesand gentlemen all with great appetites. It waswith much gratitude to Geoff G8BPN fromeveryone present for the organisation of themeals, especially so due to the somewhatunexpected vast numbers. It was generally feltthat a different approach to the feeding of the5000, will be need to be taken next year! But itreally was a great evening!!.EdH.A.R.S. JournalIssue No 12 February 2018 Page
IL5 CourseThe pictures show the candidates on the IL5 course run by David Porter (G4OYX), and the100% pass rate results. On the 11th December, the new calls were finally in. From left to right,Peter 2E0PJG, Anthony 2E0LFA, Wendy 2E0WKQ, Nick 2E0NGV and Ben 2E0KSXWell done to everyone and a special thanks to David ably assisted by Adi G8IVO, for yet anotherinvaluable successful course completed.HumourI saw anadvert fora radio.It said,“Radio forsale 1.00volumestuck onhigh”.Page I can’t turnthat down!Morse KeyWaters & Stanton RJ-1 Straight Hand KeyIssue No 12 February 2018 H.A.R.S. Journal
The KB6NU ColumnFT-8: I’m not really feeling the magicBy Dan Romanchik, KB6NUPartly out of curiosity and partly because Jeff,KE9V, shamed me into it, I setup my Signalinkinterface, downloaded WSJT-X from ml,and started operating FT-8, the latest “shinyobject” (as the ARRL dubbed it) from theK1JT team. As you probably know, this modehas really caught on with the digital crowd,and the waterfall is chock full of FT-8 signals.Part of the reason for this is that it has someof the characteristics of JT-65, but is not asexcruciatingly slow.on the CQ, the program began decodingsignals on that frequency and display thetransmissions in the “Rx Frequency” window.Then, I clicked on “Enable TX” and theprogram began the contact sequence, sending“WA9THI KB6NU EN82.” EN82 is mygrid designator. This is shown as the firstyellow line in the Rx Frequency window. Thetransmissions that I sent are highlighted inyellow. The transmissions sent by WA9THIare highlighted in red.A waterfall display generated by WSJT-X at 7:30 pm, 23 November 2017.Over the past couple of days, I’ve made 32QSOs, including a couple of DX contacts.It’s been fun to try something new, but to behonest, I’m not really feeling the magic.Part of it is that I don’t feel like I’m reallydoing anything. I downloaded the software,plugged in my digital interface, fooled aroundwith the settings a bit, and then, the computerstarted making contacts. I have to click a fewon-screen controls to make contacts, but eventhat’s a step that could be easily programmedin by the WSJT-X developers. (In fact, Iwonder why they haven’t done that already!)Take a look at the screenshot overleaf to seehow a typical contact happens. When a CQappears in the “Band Activity” window, youdouble click on it. When you do this, thesoftware begins listening for signals on thatfrequency. In this case, I double-clicked onthe CQ by WA9THI. When I double-clickedH.A.R.S. JournalThe sequence of transmissions shown therecomprise a complete contact, and that wholeprocess takes less than two minutes. And, onceWA9THI received my first transmission, thesequence is all automatic. You just sit thereand watch the two computers talk to oneanother.While I can certainly appreciate the thoughtand the work that went into the design of theprotocol and programming to implement it,sitting and watching the computers talk to oneanother just doesn’t excite me. On the otherhand, if you’re one of those guys who wants tomake contacts, but doesn’t really want to talkto anyone, than this is the mode for you!Here are a few more notes about FT-8operation: Not surprisingly, synchronizing yourcomputer with the other stations computeris very important. To do that, you need toIssue No 12 February 2018 Page
WSJT-X screenshot. The sequence of transmissions in the Rx Frequency window comprises a contact.get your computer to use the network timeprotocol (NTP). I failed to do this whenI first installed WSJT-X, and while mywaterfall was full of FT-8 signals, WSJT-Xjust wouldn’t decode them. I got my PC laptop to talk ntp by installingMeinberg NTP software (http://www.ntp.org/ntpfaq/NTP-s-def.htm). Once I didthat, WSJT-X magically started decodingtransmissions. Most of the cool guys seem to be usingMeinberg NTP, but there are other options.One of the guys in our club is using aprogram called Dimension 4, for example. Apparently, you don’t have to limit yourpower output as you would with PSK-31.At first, I set my output power to 10 W. Ihad a bit of success at 10 W, but I expectedmore. When I asked on Twitter how muchpower other guys were using, most ofthem said that they were using more thanthat. For the last couple of sessions, I’ve beensetting my output power to 25 W, andI’ve been having more success. I’ve nowworked several Europeans on 30m. Even at 25 W, my signal reports are moreoften than not not as good as the signalPage reports I’m handing out. I haven’t figuredthis one out yet. This doesn’t happen to mewhen I’m operating CW, so I don’t thinkit’s my antenna. When I’m operating, I write down thecalls of stations I’ve contacted. Thereason for this is that while WSJT-Xdoes have a logging function, it doesn’thave a log window, so unless you have agreat memory, you could end up workingguys two or three times a session. That’sprobably not a big deal since contacts areso quick, but I’d rather avoid doing that ifI can. WSJT-X works “split.” While mostcontacts take place on the same frequency,a station can call you anywhere in thepassband of your receiver and WSJT‑Xwill decoded the signal and begin acontact. This threw me the first time ortwo that this happened, and I tried tochange my transmit frequency to matchthe other station’s. In doing so, I messedup the sequence. I now just let the contactproceed normally, and it works out great. When I work the other digital modes, Iset my IC-746PRO to the USB-D mode.In this mode, the receive passband isnarrower than for working phone. WhenIssue No 12 February 2018 H.A.R.S. Journal
operating FT-8, however, you don’t wantto limit that passband. Signals will appearacross the entire 2.6 kHz of the USBsignal, and if you narrow the passband,you won’t be able to work those stations. WSJT-X checks the validity of call signs.This afternoon, there was a guy who hadtyped in his call as “WAMAD” and wascalling CQ. WSJT-X wouldn’t let meanswer that CQ. Operating this mode opens up thepossibility of working more stationswhose callsigns spell words and addingthose QSL cards to my collection. I have,for example, already worked K1GUY,N4HER, and N5SLY. I’m guessing thatthese guys don’t operate CW.All told, I’ve found this to be an interestingforay into a new digital mode. While I’m notfeeling the magic that some others seem to befeeling when operating FT-8, it certainly willbe a change of pace to operate this mode fromtime to time. Give it a shot and tell me whatyou think.73 Dan, KB6NU (cwgeek@kb6nu.com)Foxhole RadiosA foxhole radio is a makeshift radio that was first used by soldiers in World War II, specificallyat Anzio, spreading later across the European and Pacific theaters. There were different versionsof the foxhole radio; all used a safety razor blade as a radio wave detector.The “classic” foxhole radio was configuredlike a crystal radio, with the blade acting as thecrystal and a wire, safety pin, or, later, a pencilserving as the cat’s whisker. Other versionswere similar to the microphone detector ofDavid Edward Hughes, rediscovered by HarryShoemaker and Walter Wentworth Massie,popular among amateurs in the early days ofradio. They were named, likely by the press,for the foxhole, a defensive fighting positiondeveloped before and during the war.The foxhole radio is like a crystal set, in thatit does not require an external power source.The radio is powered by the radio signal itreceives. This makes the foxhole radio idealfor prisoners of war (POW); though it isunclear if this type of receiver was used byprisoners of war during World War II (prisoncamp sets were usually more sophisticated),there are accounts of sets built by AmericanPOWs during the Vietnam War.HistoryThe maker of the first foxhole radio isunknown, but it was almost certainly inventedby a soldier stationed at the Anzio beachheadduring the stalemate of February – May 1944.One of the first newspaper articles about afoxhole radio ran in the New York TimesApril 29, 1944. That radio was built by PrivateEldon Phelps of Enid, Oklahoma, who laterclaimed to have invented the design. It wasH.A.R.S. JournalAntennaInducRazorBDeladeatectondPe rncil TipPhonestorGroundSchematic diagram of a Foxhole Radiofairly crude, a razor blade stuck into a pieceof wood acted as the crystal, and the end ofthe antenna wire served as a cat whisker. Hemanaged to pick up broadcasts from Rome andNaples.The idea spread across the beachhead andbeyond. Toivo Kujanpaa built a receiverat Anzio and was able to receive Germanpropaganda programs. The propagandaprograms were directed towards Alliedmilitary from an Axis station in Rome.Many veterans of Anzio refer to the femaleannouncer they heard as “Axis Sally”, thenickname usually used when referring topropagandist Mildred Gillars, however Gillarsbroadcast from Berlin, and the men at Anziowere more likely hearing Rita Zucca, whobroadcast from Rome. Though Gillars is moreIssue No 12 February 2018 Page
Examples of Foxhole Radiosoften associated with the “Sally” moniker, itwas Zucca who actually referred to herself as“Sally” during broadcasts.There were also allied broadcasts available,from the 5th Army Mobile Radio Station andthe BBC.American G.I.s in Italy would put severalradios together. The G.I.s would listen at nightnear the front lines to phonograph recordsplayed on a radio station in Rome. You couldusually hear a radio station on a foxhole radioif you lived twenty five or thirty miles away.In 1942, Lieutenant Colonel R. G. Wells—aprisoner of war in Japan—built a foxhole radioto get news about the international situation.“The whole POW camp craved news”,according to Wells.slider-tuner arm and could only tune to onefrequency.Richard Lucas, a POW in Vietnam,constructed a radio in camp and built his ownearphones. Richard built his earphones bybinding four nails together with cloth thenwinding wire and dripping wax over the turns.After about ten layers of wire he placed it in apiece of bamboo. A tin can lid was placed overthe coil of wire. The listener connected theimprovised earphone to the foxhole radio andreceived three radio stations. The best listeningwas at night, according to Lucas.All credits must go to Wikipediafor this fascinating article .EdDesigns and principles of operationFoxhole radios were built using numerousdesigns. All of them receive AM (amplitudemodulation) radio transmission without theneed for a power source. They use an antennaor wire aerial, a coil serving as inductor, headphones, and some sort of improvised diode torectify the signal. A diode can be built froman oxidized razor blade (rusty or flamed) witha pencil lead sitting on the blade. The oxidelayer on the razor blade and the point contactof the pencil lead form a Schottky diode andonly allow current to flow in one direction.HARS radio equipment availablefor loan to Club membersThe following list of equipment is availablefor loan to Club members. The loan periodis 3 months and members wishing to usethe equipment will have to sign a simpleagreement which covers the loan terms. If youwish to borrow then please contact Duncan(Hon Sec) M0OTG.The antenna is connected to the groundedinductor, which is connected to the headphones, which is connected to the diode, whichis connected to the antenna, completing thecircuit. Grid Dip Meter MFJ-201The coil has an internal parasitic capacitanceand therefore acts like an LC resonator witha specific resonant frequency. By varying theinductivity with a slider-tuner arm, the radiocan be tuned to receive different frequencies.Most of these wartime sets did not have a Pixie 7MHz QRP kit. Needs assembling.Page Buddipole 10-40M portable antenna withtripod and carrying case. Yaesu FT450 All bands to 50MHz. Needsa 12V PSU Baofeng UV-5R 70cms/144MHz handheld complete with accessories.Go portable with the Buddipole!Issue No 12 February 2018 Ed.H.A.R.S. Journal
Psychological Profiling of Radio Contesters!A reprint from Psychology and More 75(3):11-12 Ó Tailor and Franchiser Group.Dr. Hans D. Crofthill, Dr. Ginger Patrick, Dr. Tera LinnCobblers University, Laboratory of Human ndResults of the SurveyAmateur radio is a leisure pursuit that hasits origin in the early 1900s starting with theinvention of wireless (radio) communicationby early amateurs. Over a period of 60-80years, it expanded into a hobby of millionsin Europe, North America, and Japan. Socialscientists have evidence that the nationalproduct, social system, and the nationalcharacter explained the level of prevalence atthe country level, which reached intensitiesof 0.01-0.015 in the late 1980s and has sincethen decreased globally, with considerablebetween-country variation. Very littlepsychological research has been conducted onthis population, and with the recent declinesin the numbers of fanatics and the drasticdisturbances in radio amateur populationdynamics, it was decided that a cross-sectionsurvey is appropriate and of high priority.We had evidence that the character of radioamateurs might be best preserved and availablein a subgroup called the radio contesters, whopursue the virtues of amateur radio at severalintellectual dimensions. The contesters arealso loyal to the hobby with many elderlysamples available, which is helpful for thereconstruction of the historical aspects of thepsychological outlines explaining the temporalpatterns in the preoccupation and attachmentof the amateurs to their hobby. Our study wasconducted using questionnaires and house callswith a global and wide temporal coverage.Subjects were selected randomly and theanalysis of replies followed the HDI methodthat has FCC and ACME approvals. Thereplies were anonymous so that psychologicaltherapy was never suggested to the subjects.The next Section presents the results in theform of tabulated data and the third Sectionprovides a discussion of the results and anoutlook on the future of radio contesters.We link our findings to those made for otherhobbies.In order to give the readers a thorough view ofthe examined population, we first give tableswith the fundamental data of our large-scalepsychological profiling, which was used forderiving the Atkinsson-Aykroyd HD indexes(A-A Hobby Disorder Index) and clustered thepopulation according to the behavioral patternsfound in the multidimensional data. Beloware some samples of our questionnaire and thedistribution of answers.H.A.R.S. Journal“Given that the following needs in your caseneed to be fulfilled, pick the most urgent one”NeedWaterSexSpouseRadio%3.24.00.892.0“Has your hobby jeopardized your marriage /partnership?”OccurrenceNever had a partnerNeverAt timesRepeatedlyDivorcedDivorced many times%10.00.12.915.531.541.0“You started with radio contesting because of(select the most suitable alternative)?”ReasonIt is funIt is relaxingI have a low self-esteemDon’t really knowIssue No 12 February 2018 %1.50.517.880.2Page
“Select the picture that pleases you most” (formales)5.4%98.1%The radio contester population was verychallenging to characterize based on the datareceived. We observed large offsets with respectto the general population, and when attemptingto numerically cluster the data, using methods ofmultivariate-obscure statistics, all of them failedto invert the observation matrix that was neededfor a solution of the behavioral parameters.Thus, we had to use suboptimal pseudoinversetechniques. However, when we grouped VHFand HF contesters separately, we could computethe Patrick-Linn principal patterns of behavior(PLPPNs) using standard math on our pocketPCs. We further investigated the reasons behindthe numerical instability, and it was revealedthat HF and VHF contesters have entirelydifferent temporal patterns of mood changesand the response to Aurora Borealis has a -0.999coefficient of correlation in these groups. Thisis unseen in behavioral studies and as we know,the estimation of behavioral patterns is ill-posedin the presence of strong negative dependencies,because of rank deficencies. Reordering thematrix to the row-echelon-form (i.e by thoseseen/not seen the Martin Sheen Movie of 2008)was the alternative solution.The mood shifts the in HF contestercommunities were also interesting. From ourmultitemporal data we could deduce mainlyannual or decennial autocorrelation of moodpatterns. We noticed also a recent decline inthe mood of HF contesters that we first triedto relate with and explain by the exchangerates of currencies (wide-spread use ofimported radio equipment), the outbreak ofthe feminine movement, and the increased useof the impossible-to-see miniature electroniccomponents. However, the answer wasrevealed by a letter that we received from oneindividual, in which he expressed his concernPage over the recent events in the Sun. Shouldsolar activity remain low in the next years tocome, we anticipate a further decline in themood of the HF contester population, and wesee that therapeutically oriented discussionsamong the population should be undertaken toattenuate the effects at personal levels. For someindividuals this could lead to extreme sufferingas the expectations and the reality (in the Sun)are in contradiction, and the individuals maynot perceive that solar activity is beyond theircontrol. The following table presents the HDIindex, which describes the level of enthusiasm inthe population towards their hobby.HDI among radio contesters. Hobby-DisorderIndex describes how well the hobby is in balancewith other aspects of life or if it has turned intoan obsession.HDI levelBelow normalNormalAbove normalAlarmingDangerous%0.91.13.510.585.0The distribution of the HDI index is at thetypical range of extreme hobbies, which includehorses (The Yearbook of American HorseWidows’ Association), Harry Potter booksespecially, when the subject starts to speak witha British accent, and the hobby of keeping fit andeating well. Many of these were listed already inthe 1957 ACME-publication ‘All that you shouldknow about your future spouse’, which is anoften ignored reference of information for familytherapists.Discussion and outlookOur research revealed many unseen detailsthat will fill many gaps in the psychologicalresearch of obsessive hobbies. Amateurradio contesting offers great opportunitiesfor individuals to get neurotic and losecontact with reality (only in mild forms)and devote innumerable hours into a hobbythat placed high on the HDI scoreboard.Our results revealed contradicting patternsamong subgroups of contesters – a strongdivision of the population was observed andit was associated with the frequency rangethat they used for communication. It remainsfor neuroscience to uncover a possiblephysical-based, wavelength- Continued oppositeIssue No 12 February 2018 H.A.R.S. Journal
Contest Corner432MHz.Not far behind in 2nd again and we won somemonths. 21 members active this band.by G1YBB2017 is over and HARS achieved great successour first proper year!50 MHz.1296MHz.Just pushed into 3rd place with 12 members onthis band, but a long way from 1st.We WON this band! 22 members active on thisband through the year enabled us to graduallycatch up and overtake. Well done all!SHF.70MHz.Overall UKAC series 2017.We came 2nd on this band but won someof the months, which means we could havebeen in with a shout with a running start. 11members active through the year.6th on this ‘band’ (actually 4 bands) with just 4members active on 2 of the bands.HARS came 2nd in the local club section! Weshould be very proud of that, well done all!73 Steve G1YBBThanks Steve .Ed144MHz.This is the big one. We WON this band! FromJune on we won every month! Well done to the26 members on this band!!Upcoming Contests70MHz UKAC Thu 18 JanSHF UKACTue 23 Jan144MHz UKAC Tue 6 Feb50MHz UKAC Thu 8 Feb432MHz UKAC Tue 13 Feb70MHz UKAC Thu 15 Feb1.3GHz UKAC Tue 20 FebSHF UKACTue 27 Feb144MHz UKAC Tue 6 Mar50MHz UKAC Thu 8 MarRSGB UKAC Overall Local Club Standings 2017Club (35 clubs total) 50MHz 70MHz 144MHz 432MHz 1.3GHz1 Sheffield & DWS9781000846100010002 Hereford ARS100072710009124183 Bolton Wireless Club3572854715194314 Worksop ARS5816726217192855 Trowbridge & DARC2142174733411576 RAF Waddington ARC4173673043632657 Parallel Lines CG165174951181678 Coulsdon ATS2122071742301549 Southport & DARC20717822217412410 Cheltenham 878208317341118977970903Club Band Standings (top 10 shown50MHz (29 clubs)Total70MHz (26 clubs)Total144MHz (34 clubs)Total432MHz (32 clubs)Total1.3GHz (24 clubs)Total1 Hereford ARS71457 Sheffield & DWS46000 Hereford ARS93941 Sheffield & DWS68026 Sheffield & DWS540422 Sheffield & DWS69890 Hereford ARS33459 Sheffield & DWS79438 Hereford ARS62063 Bolton Wireless Club232663 Worksop ARS41543 Worksop ARS30891 Worksop ARS58372 Worksop ARS48920 Hereford ARS226044 RAF Waddington ARC29816 RAF Waddington ARC16902 Trowbridge & DARC44438 Bolton Wireless Club35327 Worksop ARS153925 Bolton Wireless Club25542 Bolton Wireless Club13116 Bolton Wireless Club44222 RAF Waddington ARC24683 RAF Waddington ARC142956 Trowbridge & DARC15270 Trowbridge & DARC9976 Triple B ARCG29341 Trowbridge & DARC23191 Martlesham RS120007 Coulsdon ATS15135 Coulsdon ATS9521 RAF Waddington ARC28581 Vecta CG18985 Colchester RA103568 Southport & DARC14765 Southport & DARC8195 Vecta CG26289 Coulsdon ATS15625 Parallel Lines CG90009 Parallel Lines CG11765 Parallel Lines CG7989 Southport & DARC20893 Triple B ARCG12064 Northampton RC855511283 Telford & DARS7633 West Kent ARS18045 Southport & DARC11837 Trowbridge & DARC846010 West Kent ARSContinued from oppositedependent theory and explanation. In thenext years, we predict great psychologicalimpacts to the population examined caused bycontinuing low solar activity.Hans D. Crofthill was born in Pie Corner, U.K., in 1964.He conducted studies and received the Ph.D. degrees inbehavioral sciences and psychiatry from the CorrespondenceUniversity of Balkan Mountains in November 2007. Hismultifaceted research interests include just about everything.Dr. Crofthill is the brother of the eminent natural scientistRalph E. Crofthill, who recently made the discovery of theastronomic substance Stellulite, which explained the Pioneeranomaly in the theory of relativity, inter alia.H.A.R.S. JournalIt is not too late!The management and staff at theJournal HQ wish everyone a great2018. May you receive manyValentines and Easter Eggs in thecoming days and months.Issue No 12 February 2018 EdPage
Club Personalised MerchandiseFor availability and prices contact Mike G3LZM (editor@harsjournal.com).G3LZMMIKEHereford Amateur Radio SocietyMugCapT ShirtThe printed cap has yourcallsign on the front plusyour club details.The printed T shirt has yourcallsign on the front plusyour club details.Articles Wanted!Please think about submissions/projects youmight like to send in or see.General topics and key words are listed below.Members projectsMembers stationConstructionItems wantedItems for saleHints and ROIllustrationsPhotographsEarly radioRestoration.This is available printed frontand back with your callsignand club detail.An exotic China version isavailable. or anything else that you think might be ofinterest to HARS members. If you have anidea for a submission, but don’t know how topresent it, feel free to ask for advice.Please submit anything and everything toeditor@harsjournal.com or talk with Mike atthe Club meetings.73s es GDX, G3LZMMike Bush (Editor)HARS Members & CallsignsTerry 2E0DQZAndrew 2E0EDORon 2E0HWFRichard 2E0JRSCheryl 2E0CHZBen2E0KSXAnthony 2E0LFANeil 2E0NPCWendy 2E0WKQRay G0IMVTim G0JWJStewart G0LGSDavid G1DRWPage 10Ralph Steven Paul Peter Bob Mike Derek Stuart David Richard Philip Grant David G4HQBG4ILIG4OGWDavid G4OYXStuart G4VMFAndrew G4XRSNigel G4XTFSteven G4ZWYRon G6CYRDerek G6TVCEddy G6UQIAlan G7RHFGeoff G8BPNMichael G8CMUDave G8FFAMargaret G8HCOIssue No 12 February 2018 Adrian G8IVOClive G8LNRMatthew G8XYJCraig M0BULRodney M0JLAStephen M0MUUGeoff M0OEDDuncan M0OTGMark M0RKXDavid M0RNIRichard M0RPWNorman M0SKFTristan M0VXXKeith M6Vicki M6BWAKeith M6DVFGerald M6GLZEmma M6IHZPaul M6KYPTara M6KYUAlec M6KYXJoseph M6XJTH.A.R.S. Journal
radio. They were named, likely by the press, for the foxhole, a defensive fighting position developed before and during the war. The foxhole radio is like a crystal set, in that it does not require an external power source. The radio is powered by the radio signal it receives. This makes the f
Independent Personal Pronouns Personal Pronouns in Hebrew Person, Gender, Number Singular Person, Gender, Number Plural 3ms (he, it) א ִוה 3mp (they) Sֵה ,הַָּ֫ ֵה 3fs (she, it) א O ה 3fp (they) Uֵה , הַָּ֫ ֵה 2ms (you) הָּ תַא2mp (you all) Sֶּ תַא 2fs (you) ְ תַא 2fp (you
Anatomy of a journal 1. Introduction This short activity will walk you through the different elements which form a Journal. Learning outcomes By the end of the activity you will be able to: Understand what an academic journal is Identify a journal article inside a journal Understand what a peer reviewed journal is 2. What is a journal? Firstly, let's look at a description of a .
excess returns over the risk-free rate of each portfolio, and the excess returns of the long- . Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Financial Markets Journal of Financial Economics. Journal of Financial Economics. Journal of Financial Economics Journal of Financial Economics Journal of Financial Economics Journal of Financial Economics .
Create Accounting Journal (Manual) What are the Key Steps? Create Journal Enter Journal Details Submit the Journal Initiator will start the Create Journal task to create an accounting journal. Initiator will enter the journal details, and add/populate the journal lines, as required. *Besides the required fields, ensure at least
akuntansi musyarakah (sak no 106) Ayat tentang Musyarakah (Q.S. 39; 29) لًََّز ãَ åِاَ óِ îَخظَْ ó Þَْ ë Þٍجُزَِ ß ا äًَّ àَط لًَّجُرَ íَ åَ îظُِ Ûاَش
Collectively make tawbah to Allāh S so that you may acquire falāḥ [of this world and the Hereafter]. (24:31) The one who repents also becomes the beloved of Allāh S, Âَْ Èِﺑاﻮَّﺘﻟاَّﺐُّ ßُِ çﻪَّٰﻠﻟانَّاِ Verily, Allāh S loves those who are most repenting. (2:22
o Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics (IJBB) o Indian Journal of Biotechnology (IJBT) o Indian Journal of Chemistry, Sec A (IJC-A) o Indian Journal of Chemistry, Sec B (IJC-B) o Indian Journal of Chemical Technology (IJCT) o Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB) o Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences (IJEMS) .
32. Indian Journal of Anatomy & Surgery of Head, Neck & Brain 33. Indian journal of Applied Research 34. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics 35. Indian Journal of Burns 36. Indian Journal of Cancer 37. Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women 38. Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences 39.
